Drosophila Genes

x Drosophila Genes

Alphabetical list of genes

Genes L - M - N - O - P - Q - R -- [Genes A-D -- Genes E-K -- Genes S-Z]

: L
labial: transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - involved in head and brain morphogenesis -; in the midgut Labial plays a role in determination and differentiation of copper cells
lace: encodes Serine Palmitoyl-transferase (SPT), the first enzymatic step for synthesis of sphingolipids - neuromuscular junction, enriched in lipid rafts - facilitates; glial ensheathment of peripheral nerves - suppresses dystrophic muscle phenotypes in a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Lachesin: immunoglobulin domain cell adhesion molecule required for the proper morphogenesis of the tracheal system
ladybird early and ladybird late: transcription factors - homeodomain proteins -overlaps expression of wingless in the epidermis - ladybird genes contribute; to the segmentation process and are considered as segment polarity genes
lame duck: zinc finger transcription factor - has an essential regulatory role in the specification and function of fusion-competent myoblasts
Lamin: an intermediate filament protein - chromatin associated protein - Lamin binds to scaffold/matrix-associated regions, DNA sequences; that are held responsiblefor mediating the interaction between the nuclear matrix and chromatin.
Lamin C: developmentally regulated nuclear intermediate filament - lines the inner nuclear membrane - provides structural support for the nucleus and regulates; gene expression - functions in nuclear mechanotransduction, a process through which mechanical forces are converted to biochemical signaling or gene expression, a model for; diseases known as laminopathies, required for thorax closure, sustains PcG protein architecture, maintaining transcriptional repression at target genes
Laminin A: laminin - extracellular matrix protein - plays a role in the pathfinding process of ocellar axons - activity-dependent; retrograde laminin A signaling regulates synapse growth at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions
Laminin B1: extracellular matrix protein - required for normal accumulation of basement membrane components -; involved in morphogenesis of gut, trachea, muscles and nervous system
large tumor suppressor (lats) (preferred name: warts): kinase - regulates cell cycle - loss of gene function leads to the cell-autonomous formation; of epithelial tumors in the adult integumentary structures derived from imaginal discs.
lateral muscles scarcer: homeodomain transcription factor - identity factor for lateral transverse muscles
latheo: ORC3 homolog - regulates DNA replication - also, a presynaptic protein with a role in the Ca2+-dependent synaptic modulation mechanisms necessary for behavioral plasticity
Latrotoxin receptor (preferred name: Calcium-independent receptor for α-latrotoxin): G-protein coupled receptor - involved in the perception of tactile, proprioceptive, and auditory stimuli through chordotonal neurons of the PNS -; sensitizes these neurons for the detection of mechanical stimulation by amplifying their input-output function
lava lamp: coiled-coil cytoskeletal component involved in cellularization - analysis shows that active Golgi-derived membrane vesicle secretion is essential for cytokinesis
lazaro: lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase that functions during phototransduction - along with rdgA; regulates amplification and response termination during phototransduction
leak (common alternative name: robo2): transmembrane receptor that regulates heart cell and tracheal branch migration and axon guidance -; acts in trans to inhibit Slit-Robo1 repulsion in pre-crossing commissural axons
legless: a scaffold protein that physically links Pygopus to ß-catenin - the recruitement of Pygopus permits ß-catenin to activate Wnt target genes
leonardo (preferred name: 14-3-3zeta): a 14-3-3zeta isoform - a phosphoserine/threonine interacting protein - modifies ras pathway signaling and facilitating; olfactory learning - 14-3-3 proteins regulate Tctp-Rheb interaction for organ growth
lesswright (common alternative names: Ubc9 and Semushi): SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme - stabilizes proteins against ubiquitinization and subsequent degradation -; regulates hematopoiesis - holds the Toll pathway in check
let-7: encodes an RNA species involved in translational silencing of target mRNAs - let-7-to-miR-125; miRNA switch regulates neuronal integrity and lifespan in Drosophila
lethal (2) giant discs 1 (common alternative name: lethal giant discs): tumor suppressor - required to restrict the activity of Notch to the D/V boundary of the wing imaginal disc - endosomal transport protein
lethal (2) giant larvae (common alternative name: lethal giant larvae): novel conserved cytoskeletal element - functions with other tumor suppressors to regulate cell polarity and growth
Lethal hybrid rescue: chromatin factor - contains BESS motif found in boundary element proteins - along with Hybrid male rescue; interacts with HP1 to repress transcripts from satellite DNAs and many families of transposable; elements - gain-of-function phenotype causing lethality in F1 male hybrids between D. melanogaster and D. simulans
lethal (3) malignant brain tumor: a chromatin compactor - tumor suppressor - targets Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway - inactivator of; germline genes - mutation result in the formation of brain tumors
lethal of scute: transcription factor - basic HLH - proneural gene that is also involved in specification of muscle progenitors
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 3: receptor for Drosophila Insulin-like peptide 8 - regulation of growth - attenuation growth and maturation - neurosecretory cell-rich pars intercerebralis
Leucine-rich repeat kinase: a cytoplasmic protein that controls synaptic morphogenesis at the neuromuscular junction targeting distinct downstream effectors; at the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments
Leucokinin receptor: G-protein coupled receptor expressed in brain neurons - regulation of meal size and meal frequency - regulation of fluid balance in Malpighian tubules
Leukocyte-antigen-related-like (common alternative name: Dlar): transmembrane - receptor tyrosine kinase functioning to regulate axon guidance
licorne: a MAP kinase kinase targeting p38 MAP kinase - licorne mutations provoke polarity defects in the eggshell and embryo, as a result of reduced activity; of two localized determinants: Oskar and Gurken
lilliputian: transcription factor - Fragile X mental retardation 2 (Fmr2) family - Functions in MAPK and Dpp signaling pathways - affects growth, a function associated; with the insulin pathway - affects the cytoskeleton early in development.
Lim1: Lim domain and lim homeodomain protein - expressed in the head primordia, the brain lobes, and in distinct sets of motorneurons and interneurons within; the ventral nerve cord - Lim1 larval mutants have abnormal motor coordination
LIM-kinase1: serine/threonine kinase - functions via cytoskeleton to confer the added synapse-stabilizing activity of the BMP receptor Wishful thinking
limostatin: secreted hormone, regulates insulin pathway, suppresses insulin secretion by insulin-producing cells following starvation,; localized to glucose-sensing, endocrine corpora cardiaca (CC) cells associated with the gut
Lin-7 (preferred name: veli): scaffolding protein that acts downstream of Discs large, in conjunction with its binding partner Metro, to control neuromuscular; junction expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons
lin-19-like (common alternative name: Cullin1): a major component of a series of multimeric ubiquitin ligases that control the degradation of a broad range of proteins
lin-28: cold shock and RNA-binding protein - regulator of developmental timing - regulator of microRNA maturation
lines: novel segment polarity gene - Lines is crucial for completing Wg signal transduction, acting downstream or in parallel to Armadillo
Lipid storage droplet-1 & Lipid storage droplet-2: intracellular neutral lipid droplet storage protein - maintains energy homeostasis
Lipin: phosphatidate phosphatase activity - transcriptional co-activator - downstream effector mediating effects of insulin and TORC1 signaling on lipid metabolism -; influences fat body development and function - affects cellular growth
Lipophorin (preferred name: Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein): bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog
Lipophorin receptor 1 & Lipophorin receptor 2: a secreted receptor that promotes the extracellular lipolysis of lipophorins - neutral lipid uptake - LpR1 facilitates uptake; of the serpin Necrotic in oocytes and cells of imaginal discs
Liprin-α: scaffolding protein that physically interacts with LAR and is essential for R7 axon targeting
liquid facets: an epsin: a family of cargo-selective adapters that link mono-ubiquitinated cell-surface proteins with the endocytic machinery -; regulates Notch ligand Delta's subcellular localization and activity
liquid facets-Related: multi-modular proteins that stimulate clathrin-coated vesicle formation - functions in trans-Golgi network/endosome vesicle trafficking; transports specific cargo critical to one or more signaling pathways - required for egg chamber morphogenesis during oogenesis
Lissencephaly-1: component of Dynein complex, Beta-transducin family Trp-Asp repeats protein - required in the germline for synchronized cystocyte division and oocyte differentiation
little imaginal discs: trimethyl H3K4 demethylase - physically interacts with Myc to regulator Myc-induced cell growth
Lkb1 kinase: Par-4 kinase - required for the early A-P polarity of the oocyte and for the repolarization of the oocyte cytoskeleton that defines the embryonic A-P axis
Lk6 kinase: Serine/Threonine protein kinase that exerts a tight control on eIF4E phosphorylation and is necessary for normal growth and development
Lnk: member of SH2B family of adaptor molecules - interacts with Chico to fulfill an independent but partially redundant function; in the activation of PI3K upon Insulin receptor stimulation - regulates lifespan, metabolism, and stress responses
Lobe: zinc finger transcription factor required for eye cell survival - regulates eye development through the TOR pathway
locomotion defects (common alternative name: loco): regulators of G-protein signalling (RGS) protein - a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) acting on alpha subunit of; G-proteins - Mutant glial cells fail to properly ensheath longitudinal axon tracts and do not form the; normal glial-glial cell contacts, resulting in a disruption of the blood-brain barrier
loki (common alternative name: chk2): homolog of mammalian Chk2 - a serine/threonine kinase required required for DNA damage-mediated cell cycle arrest and; apoptosis - tRNA processing defects induce replication stress and Chk2-dependent disruption of piRNA transcription
lola like: BTB/POZ domain protein - partner of Trithorax-like in maintaining gene repression - an evolutionarily new; epigenetic regulator of dpp transcription during dorsal-ventral axis formation
longitudinals lacking: transcription factor - zinc finger - btb domain - regulates axon guidance - promotes axon growth in part by suppressing expression of the actin nucleation; factor Spire - expressed in both glia and neurons - regulates cell fate by antagonizing Notch induction in the Drosophila eye
long non-coding RNA:iab8: represses the transcription of genes located at its 3' end by a sequence-independent, transcriptional interference mechanism - its repressive; activity is limited to the CNS, where, in wild-type embryos, it acts on the Hox gene, abd-A, located immediately downstream; of it - a lncRNA, called male-specific abdominal, is required for the development of the secondary cells of the Drosophila male accessory gland
loquacious: a component of a functional pre-miRNA processing complex - stimulates and directs pre-microRNA processing activity - a Dicer-1; partner that enhances miRNA processing from hairpins with unstable structures at the dicing site
Lost PHDs of trr (alternative name: Cara mitad): PHD zinc finger protein - cofactor for Trithorax-related - associates with EcR-USP receptor; and is required for hormone-dependent transcription - required for proper global trimethylation of H3K4
LDL receptor related protein 4: low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in the same family as Arrow, a Wingless co-receptor - coordinates synapse number and function; in the brain - functions via the conserved kinase SRPK79D to ensure normal synapse number and behavior, occurs preferentially in excitatory neurons
lowfat: conserved protein - regulates Fat signaling - binds to the cytoplasmic domains Dachsous and the Dachsous receptor protein Fat
lozenge: transcription factor - AML-1 homolog - involved in sensillogenesis in antenna - mutants lack basiconic sensilla and some trichoid sensilla - the presence; of Lz in R3/4 precluster cells is sufficient to endow them with a second wave cell fate response repertoire
luna: zinc finger transcription factor - maternally supplied - required during the syncytial stages for coupling of rapid mitotic cycles and centrosome cycles
lush: olfactant-binding-protein, lipocalin family - mediates chemosensory responses to alcohols -; required for normal sensitivity to the male pheromone, 11-cis vaccenyl acetate
Lyra (preferred name: Senseless): zinc finger - target of proneural genes - expressed and required in the sensory organ precursors; for proper proneural gene expression regulates differentiation the R8 photoreceptor
Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4A: histone demethylase - regulates H3K36me3 levels - regulates heterochromatin organization and function - Jun recruits the HP1a/KDM4A; complex to its gene body region upon osmotic stress to reduce H3K36 methylation levels and disrupt H3K36 methylation-dependent; histone deacetylation - along with Kdm4B, Kdm4A is essential for mediating ecdysteroid hormone signaling during larval development

M
M6: tricellular septate junction protein -- Anakonda Gliotactin and M6 organize occluding Tricellular junctions - proteolipid; protein M6 physically interacts with Aka and with itself and is palmitoylated on juxta-membrane cysteine residues, promoting vertex localization of M6 and binding to Aka - interplay between Ajuba and M6 can depend on the junction length and thereby couples the detachment of cortical myosin cables and the shrinkage/elongation of the junction during cell; rearrangement - expressed in the follicular epithelium in ovarioles throughout oogenesis
mad2: mitotic checkpoint protein that blocks mitotic exit by sequestering Cdc20/Fizzy - required to delay progression through early stages of prometaphase; so that cells have time to fully engage the spindle assembly checkpoint
maelstrom: HMG box protein - spindle class protein - potential regulator of RNA processing or subcellular localization - essential for piRNA-mediated transcriptional; transposon silencing - coordinates microtubule organization during Drosophila oogenesis through interaction with components of the microtubule-organizing center
Maf1: Pol III repressor - pro-longevity effect of the kinase inhibitor trametinib in intestinal stem cells is partially mediated; by Maf1 - it is proposed that inhibition of MEK in intestinal stem calls decreases pERK signaling, allowing unphosphorylated; Maf1 to bind and inhibit PolIII in the nucleus, preventing its transcriptional activity - Ras signalling promotes Pol III function; and tRNA synthesis by phosphorylating, and inhibiting the nuclear localization and function of Maf1 - gut-specific overexpression of; Maf1 reduced the levels of pre-tRNAs and extended lifespan, confirming that Maf1 acts on Pol III in the adult gut
Magi: member of a family of proteins contains modular domains such as WW and PDZ domains necessary for scaffolding of membrane receptors and; intracellular signaling components - adherens junction - forms a complex with polarity proteins Par3/Bazooka and aPKC
mago nashi: novel protein involved in oogenesis - mutation results from the failure of nuclear migration to the anterodorsal cortex during oogenesis - part of the; exon junction complex, which is required for post-transcriptional processes such as pre-mRNA splicing, RNA localization; and nonsense-mediated decay - involved in germline development, germplasm assembly and photoreceptor differentiation
magu (common alternative name: Pentagone) a secreted protein that acts in a regulatory feedback during establishment and maintenance of BMP/Dpp morphogen signalling during wing: development - modifies the ability of cells to trap and transduce BMP by fine-tuning the levels of the BMP reception system at the plasma; membrane - internalises the Dpp co-receptors Dally and Dally-like protein - required for Wg signalling - spermatogenesis
mahjong: E3 ubiquitin ligase - mediates competition of cells mutated for lethal giant larvae (lgl) - triggers cell competition through an Xrp1-dependent; pathway like that in Rp/+ cells, and distinct from cell competition of lgl or scrib clones, which do not express or depend; on Xrp1 function for elimination - proteotoxic is the underlying cause of the loser status for Minute competition and competition induced by mahjong -; forms a protein complex with Warts - promotes the ubiquitination of Wts triggering neural stem cell reactivation by inhibition of Wts
males absent on the first: a MYST family histone acetyltransferase that acetylates His4 at Lysine 16. Mof is part of the male-specific lethal complex that mediates; dosage compensation by transcriptional upregulation of the male X chromosome - part of the non-specific lethal complex which; regulates expression of housekeeping genes in males and females - regulates DIAP1 and induces apoptosis in a JNK dependent pathway
mir-1 stem loop: microRNA - in a Drosophila model, miR-1 down-regulation in the heart leads to dilated cardiomyopathy a Dyotonic; dystrophy type 1 associated phenotype - Multiplexin is a cardiac miR-1 target involved in Myotonic dystrophy; type 1 - AGO1 and miR-1 are Gcm targets - miR-1> modulates gene expression in heart and skeletal muscle - Loss; of Drosophila miR-1 produces defects in somatic muscle and embryonic heart development, which have been partly attributed to miR-1; directly targeting Delta to decrease Notch signaling - Tinman acts via miR-1 and upstream of Cdc42 to regulate heart function across species
male-specific lethal-1: chromatin component - dosage compensation - basic motif, leucine zipper-like motif, glycine-rich motif protein that directly binds DNA -; Msl-1 is thought to form a scaffold to organize the full Male-Specific-Lethal dosage compensation complex, which increases male X chromosome; transcription approximately two-fold - functional interplay between MSL1 and CDK7 controls RNA polymerase II Ser5 phosphorylation
male-specific lethal-2: chromatin component - ring finger - metallothionein motif - the key male-specific subunit of the Male-Specific-Lethal dosage compensation complex that; induces or stabilizes all other components
male-specific lethal 3: chromatin component - dosage compensation - MRG family - chromo-barrel domain of MSL3 reveals a binding preference for mono- or dimethyllysine 20 on histone H4.
maleless: DEAH-box subfamily ATP-dependent helicase - Mle plays an early role in dosage compensations, perhaps in packaging; roX2 RNA into growing dosage compensation protein complexes - remodels the roX lncRNAs, enabling; the long noncoding RNA-mediated assembly of the dosage compensation complex
MAP kinase (preferred name: rolled): component of Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway - involved in establishment of the dorsoventral polarity of the egg shell and the embryo -; acts in specification of terminal structures immediately after fertilization - inactivated by the PTP-ER and Mkp3 phosphatases - phosphorylates; a diverse set of downstream cytoplasmic and nuclear effectors, which impact cell fate decisions in a wide array of; tissues - gain-of-function mutants produce extra R7 photoreceptors and extra wing vein
marelle (preferred name: STAT): transcription factor - stat homolog - cytoplasmic signal transducing protein - shuttles between the cytosol and nucleus and functions in the JAK/STAT; pathway - regulates the even-skipped stripe 3 promoter and the pair rule gene runt - central to the establishment; of planar polarity during Drosophila eye development - developmental roles include proliferation, growth control, organismal; metabolism, cell competition, stem cell self-renewal, immunity and developmental patterning
mars: microtubule-associated protein that mediates spatially controlled dephosphorylation of dTACC, which is critical for mitotic spindle stabilization
mastermind: novel protein that physically interacts with Suppressor of Hairless and the intracellular domain of Notch that is produced upon; receptor activation - functions as a transcriptional coactivator for Notch signaling
maternal gene required for meiosis (common alternative name: Mamo): BTB transcription factor - essential for the temporally defined, terminal identity of alpha'/beta' mushroom body neurons; and identity maintenance - required for the production of functional oocytes - necessary for vasa expression
maternal expression at 31B: A DEAD-box helicase, part of a ribonuclear protein complex, that restricts translation of oocyte-localizing RNAs -; in neurons Me31B acts to promote translational repression and/or mRNA degradation in response to miRNAs
matrimony: signaling protein that interacts with Polo kinase and acts as a negative regulator of Polo during the later stages of G2 arrest
Mayo: G-protein coupled receptor - controls enterocyte proliferation in the larval midgut - maintains physiological K+ hemolymph levels
Matrix metalloproteinase 1 and Matrix metalloproteinase 2: enzymes required for several stereotyped motor axon pathfinding decisions and essential for axon fasciculation -; Mmp2 promotes dendrite reshaping through local degradation of the basement membrane - in trachea Mmp2 inhibits FGF; morphogenetic function - Mmp2 is essential for wing imaginal disc:trachea association and air sac tubulogenesis
mauve: a counterpart of mammalian LYST - suppresses vesicle fusion events with lipid droplets during the formation of yolk granules,; the lysosome-related organelles of the syncytial embryo - opposes Rab5, which promotes fusion - localizes at spindle poles and; co-immunoprecipitates with the microtubule-associated protein Minispindles - suggests a role for endosomal trafficking in; the recruitment or maintenance of pericentriolar material components at centrosomes
maverick: TGFβ family ligand - concentrated in the foregut - broad expression pattern suggests that signaling could be permissive rather than instructive during; stomatogastric nervous system precursor migration - neuromuscular junction glia release Maverick, which likely activates the muscle activin-type; receptor Punt to potently modulate Gbb-dependent retrograde signaling and synaptic growth
mayday: calcium ion binding protein - maintenance of synapse structure - has a positive effect on retrograde trans-synaptic; BMP signaling - active in trans-Golgi network - orthologous to human SDF4 (stromal cell derived factor 4).
Medea: Smad family member - associates with Smad1 in response to Dpp or with Smad2 (Smox) in response to Activin ligands - dominant negative; Smad4 blocks both BMP and activin responses - developmental roles include dorsal-ventral patterning, patterning and proliferation; of the wing disc and gene expression in the mushroom body of the larval brain
Mediator complex subunit 1: a specific cofactor for GATA TFs - coactivator for the GATA factor Pannier during thoracic development - required; for cell proliferation and hematopoietic differentiation dependent on the GATA TF Serpent development
Mediator complex subunit 19: a subunit of the Mediator complex - directly binds Hox homeodomains, modulating Hox-directed developmental outcomes
Megator: signaling protein that promotes the recruitment of Mad2 and Mps1 to unattached kinetochores, mediating normal mitotic duration; and spindle assembly checkpoint response
Megatrachea: claudin required for septate junction formation and barrier function - control of secretion processes specific; to septate junction and dependent on Sec61p may involve Megatrachea interaction with Sec61 subunits, trachea
Meiosis regulator and mRNA stability factor 1: post-transcriptional effector domain that recruits CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex to shorten target mRNA poly-A tails and suppress; their translation - ensures proper oocyte maturation by regulating nanos expression - transition from meiosis I to II is compromised mutant oocytes
meiotic 41: ATM/ATR kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase - essential for the DNA damage checkpoint in larval imaginal discs and neuroblasts -; required to delay mitosis in response to incomplete DNA replication in early nuclear divisions - monitors double-strand-break repair; during meiotic crossing over - required for maintenance of intestinal stem cells in aging Drosophila
mei-P26: a conserved translational regulator that facilitate the switch from proliferation to differentiation - associates with miRNA; pathway components to represses the translation of target mRNAs - cooperates with Bam, Bgcn and Sxl; to promote early germline development in the Drosophila ovary - a target of Vasa in promoting stem cell differentiation
mei-s332 (preferred name: meiotic from Salaria 282): conserved protein - essential in meiosis for maintaining cohesion at centromeres until sister chromatids separate; at the metaphase II/anaphase II transition
melted: evolutionarily conserved modulator of the insulin/PI3K signaling pathway - mutants mimic the effects of nutrient deprivation; producing adults with 40% less fat than normal - binds to Tsc1 and modulates TOR activity
menage a trois: a MAGUK serving as a major binding partner of perisynaptic Dlg at larval neuromuscular junctions - stabilizes Dlg; in a complex with adaptor protein Lin-7 - controls NMJ expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons
Menin 1: conserved chromatin factor that modulates Jun activity in a manner dependent on the cellular context - tumor suppressor that functions; in maintenance of genomic integrity - controls stress responses
Merlin: ERM family, protein 4.1 superfamily - functions to restrain cell proliferation - a junctional component also associated with endocytosis - the spatial organization; of Hippo signaling at the plasma membrane is mediated by the tumor suppressor Merlin/NF2.
Meru: scaffolding protein of the Ras association domain family - conserved signaling protein regulating apical-basal polarity and planar cell polarity
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor: a secreted protein - immune modulation - expressed in glial cells - supports; the dopaminergic system in non-cell-autonomous manner
mesh: transmembrane protein - component of smooth septate junctions - functions cooperates with Tetraspanin 2A and Snakeskin to organize; septate junctions - midgut - Malpighian tubules
metabotropic GABA-B receptor subtype 1: G-protein coupled receptor - expressed by pheromone-sensing olfactory receptor neurons which as a consequence exhibit strong presynaptic inhibition -; mediates inter-glomerular inhibition - responsible for decreased intracellular calcium of clock neurons blocking their calcium cycling
metabotropic glutamate receptor: G-protein coupled receptor - modulates presynaptic excitability properties and synaptic architecture -; acts in conjunction with FMRP to regulate presynaptic properties
Metal response element-binding Transcription Factor-1: zinc finger transcription factor known familiarly as metal transcription factor - controls heavy metal detoxification
Metchnikowin: an antifungal peptide that is secreted from the fat body during the systemic immune response\ - expression is regulated at; the transcriptional level by the immune deficiency and/or Toll pathways - targets the iron-sulfur subunit (SdhB); of succinate-coenzyme Q reductase - interferes with F. graminearum cell wall biosynthesis by targeting the; β(1,3)-glucanosyltransferase Gel1, which is responsible for β(1,3)-glucan chain elongation in the cell wall
Methoprene-tolerant: bHLH-Pas domain transcription factor - involved in juvenile hormone (JH) action as; a likely component of a JH receptor - a receptor for the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone - binding partner of Germ cell-expressed bHLH-PAS
methuselah: G-protein coupled receptor: mutants have increased longevity, are resistant to stress and have increased body weight - Drosophila insulin release; is triggered by the adipose Stunted ligand of the brain Methuselah receptor
methuselah-like 1: G-protein coupled receptor: has an antiproliferative effect - mutation leads to proliferation of; oncogenic cells and shorter lifespan - mutations in Kurtz led to hyperactivity of the GPCR Mthl1
methuselah-like 10: Growth-blocking peptides initiate signaling in surrounding epithelial cells through the; G-protein-coupled receptor Mthl10 - activation of tissue repair through activation of calcium signaling
Methyl-CpG binding domain protein-like: methyl-DNA binding protein involved in methylation dependent transcriptional repression - co-repressor that targets the MI-2 complex to methylated DNA
Mi-2: ATP dependent DNA helicase - Zinc finger, CHD family - associates with active chromatin and utilizes the energy of ATP hydrolysis; to move nucleosomes along DNA - required for repression of cell type-specific genes and; full activation of heat shock genes - regulates higher order chromatin structure of polytene chromosomes.
MICAL: flavoprotein monooxygenase - large, multidomain protein expressed in axons - interacts with the neuronal Plexin A -; enzymatic function required for Semaphorin 1a/PlexA-mediated repulsive axon guidance
Microcephalin: a conserved regulator of cell cycle, co-ordination of centrosome and nuclear division cycles, and maintenance of chromosome condensation
microRNA encoding gene let-7 (preferred name - let-7): encodes an RNA species involved in translational silencing of target mRNAs - let-7-to-miR-125 miRNA switch regulates neuronal integrity and lifespan in Drosophila
microtubule star: catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A - regulates asymmetric cell division, cell cycle, Hedgehog pathway, Notch signaling & visual signal transduction
midline and H15: T-box transcription factors that participate in cardiac fate specificity - regulates; wing development by repressing wingless and hedgehog
milton: scaffolding protein that along with Miro forms an essential protein complex that links kinesin heavy chain to mitochondria; for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria - controls the early acquisition of; mitochondria by Drosophila oocytes - contributes to spermatid tail elongation
mind bomb 1: E3 ubiquitin ligase - regulates endocytosis of Delta and Serrate - regulates glutamate receptor localization
mind the gap: secreted carbohydrate-binding protein involved in synapse assembly -; modifier of signaling by the ligand Jelly belly and its receptor Alk
ming (preferred name: castor): transcription factor - zinc finger - temporal network regulator the development of late CNS sublineages - a genetic cascade involving; klumpfuss, nab and castor specifies the abdominal leucokinergic neurons in the Drosophila CNS - Pdm and Castor close; successive temporal identity windows in the NB3-1 lineage - triggers genes in a specific lineage that act to sub-divide the broader Cas window
minibrain: serine/threonine kinase - mutants show an inabillity to generate a sufficient number of optic lobe and central brain neurons during postembryonic; development - drives the Dacapo dependent cell cycle exit of neurons in the Drosophila brain by promoting asense and prospero expression
Minichromosome maintenance 5: AAA+ ATPase family - required in the Mcm complex for licensing and initiating origins of replication - it acts during elongation; as a helicase at the replication forks - acts in meiosis in maturation of double-strand breaks into crossovers
mini spindles: microtubule plus end binding protein - stimulates microtubule growth, microtubule destabilising activity, mitotic spindle
mir-7 stem loop: microRNA, post-transcriptional gene regulation - promotes neuroepithelial cell-to-neuroblast transition in the optic lobe; by targeting downstream Notch effectors - contributes to the control of wing growth - facilitates Notch-induced; tumourigenesis - regulates Tramtrack69 in a developmental switch in follicle cells
mir-8 stem loop: acts through U-shaped to activate PI3K, thereby promoting fat cell growth cell-autonomously and enhancing growth non-cell-autonomously -; antagonizes Wg signaling in part by directly targeting wntless, a gene required for Wg secretion
mir-9a stem loop: a microRNA that regulates maternal-to-zygotic transition, muscle-tendon attachments, production of sensory bristles and wing development
mir-14 stem loop: a cell death suppressor - regulates fat metabolism - regulates insulin production and metabolism through its target, sugarbabe
mir-124 stem loop: post-transcriptional regulation, gene silencing by miRNA, negative regulation of synaptic transmission; dendrite morphogenesis, neuroblast proliferation
mir-184: a highly conserved microRNA that is expressed in the female germline and has assumed control over multiple steps; in oogenesis and early embryogenesis
mir-277 stem loop: microRNA that carries out post-transcriptional gene regulation, modulates rCGG repeat-mediated neurodegeneration; and the pathogenesis of FXTAS neurodegenerative disorder by post-transcriptionally regulating the expression of specific mRNAs involved in the disease
miranda: scaffold protein - required for subcellular localization of Prospero - a target of the asymmetric cell division machinery - involved in the generation; of cell diversity in the CNS - coordinates the subcellular distribution of cell-fate determinants including Staufen and; Brain tumor - asymmetrically localized to the basal cortex during neuroblast asymmetric cell division, resulting in; its partitioning into GMC daughter cells, where it is degraded and releases its cargo proteins
mirror: homeodomain, Pbx class - a component of the Iroquois complex - primary determiner of the border between dorsal and; ventral halves of the eye - required in the dorsal mesoderm to ensure normal heart development in Drosophila.
misato: co-factor of the Tubulin Chaperone Protein-1 (TCP-1) complex - plays an essential role in the Tubulin-folding processes required for; proper assembly of spindle microtubules - depletion of Misato in the visceral muscle is a model of the pathogenic mechanism for; visceral myopathy - mutations in misato inhibit kinetochore-driven microtubule growth
misshapen: Ste20-like kinase - conveys Rac signals to Basket/Jnk during dorsal closure - TIPE family member; Sigmar interacts with Misshapen and modulates JNK signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling and autophagy.
missing oocyte: conserved novel protein that regulates nuclear architecture and meiotic progression; in early ovarian cysts - interacting partner of the conserved nucleoporin Seh1
Mitf: bHLH transcription factor - regulates of eye development - controls transcription of all 15 vacuolar-ATPase components - modulator of metabolism for cellular; homeostasis - Mitf, vacuolar-ATPase and TORC1 form a negative regulatory loop that maintains each of these important metabolic regulators; in relative balance - control of lysosomal-autophagy pathway
Mitochondrial assembly regulatory factor: target of the Yorkie pathway - regulation of mitochondrial fusion, organ size, steroid synthesis in the ring gland and ovarian follicle cell differentiation -; modulates endoplasmic reticulum function, Reaper binds Marf to induce mitochondrial fragmentation
Mitochondrial Rho: transmembrane Rho GTPase required for controlling anterograde transport; of mitochondria and their proper distribution within nerve terminals
Mitoguardin: a mitochondrial outer-membrane protein that regulates endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contact sites (ERMCSs) - required for autophagy
Mnt: bHLH-zipper transcription factor - Max-interacting transcriptional repressor - associates with the Sin3 corepressor - Larval growth and endoreplication; are coupled processes that, although linked to cell cycle control mechanisms, are regulated by dMyc and dMnt
mob as tumor suppressor (common alternative name: mats): physically associates with cell cycle regulator Warts to stimulate its catalytic activity and associates with tissue polarity factor Tricornered; to regulate denticle development - activated by Hippo kinase for growth inhibition in Drosophila
modifier of mdg4: GAGA-like, BTB domain - interacts with suppressor of Hairy wing on gypsy insulator element - a class of insulators required Suppressor; of Hairy Wing, Modifier of mdg4 and centrosomal 190 kDa (CP190) proteins to be functional - post-translational modification of; insulator proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) and intact CP190 protein is crucial for insulator body formation
modigliani: a novel protein enriched at telomeres that is required to prevent telomeric fusion -; forms a protein complex that is functionally analogous to shelterin
modulo: RRM-containing domain - modifier of PEV promoting chromatin compaction and inactivation - controls cellular growth rate; downstream of dMYC - transcriptional regulation by Modulo integrates meiosis and spermatid differentiation in male germ line - the nucleolar; protein, Modulo, in complex with CAL1, is essential for the centromeric deposition of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CID
Moesin: the sole Drosophila Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin (ERM) protein - involved in cortical cytoskeleton stability - actin-binding protein - functions to promote; cortical actin assembly, apical-basal polarity and mitotic spindle organisation - Crumbs displays; complex dynamics during follicular morphogenesis and is regulated competitively by Moesin and aPKC
moira: Trithorax-complex protein - SWI3 homolog - chromatin remodeling protein - functions as the Swi3 component of the Brahma complex -; GAF (Trithorax-like) and Moira interact directly with Yorkie
moleskin: Importin 7 - functions in nuclear transport of MAPK - surface receptor signaling regulates MAPK localization through the adaptor protein Corkscrew
mon2: a conserved Golgi/endosomal protein - essential factor in anchoring pole plasm components at the oocyte posterior cortex - couples Oskar-induced; endocytosis with actin remodeling for cortical anchorage of the germ plasm - physically interacts with Capuccino and Spire -; promotes the accumulation of the small GTPase Rho1 at the oocyte posterior.
Mondo (alternative names: Mio and mlx interactor): bHLH leucine zipper transcription factor - coordinates feeding behavior with nutrient availability -; controls fat accumulation in fat body
moody: G-protein coupled receptor - expressed in glia and required for blood-brain barrier formation
morula: APC2 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex - Cullin homology protein - regulates protein degradation and cell cycle - morula regulates; variant cell cycles, because in addition to disrupting the archetypal cycle (G1-S-G2-M), morula mutations; affect the rapid embryonic divisions as well as the endo cycle that produces polyploid cells
Mothers against dpp: Smad family members convey TGFß signals from their receptors to the nucleus - Upon phosphorylation; by either Sax or Tkv (type I BMP receptors), Mad forms a complex with Med and translocates to the nucleus; where, together with cofactors, it regulates expression of BMP response target genes.
Motif 1 Binding Protein: a transcriptional activator that associates with a core promoter element known as Motif 1 - a member of the Enhancers of trithorax; and polycomb (ETP) family - boundary element binding protein - participates in co-regulation of ribosomal protein genes
Mpk2: p38a serine/threonine protein kinase - involved in response stress including heat shock, oxidative stress and starvation
multiple wing hairs: G protein binding-formin homology 3 (GBD-FH3) protein - frizzled pathway - tissue planar cell polarity - regulation of hair initiation - inhibits new hair initiation events
multi sex combs: chromatin factor involved in assembly of histone locus body, an essential histone mRNA processing factor,
hemocyte proliferation and differentiation
Multiplexin: homolog of Collagen XV/XVIII, a matrix protein that can be proteolytically cleaved to release Endostatin, an antiangiogenesis signaling factor -; required for normal calcium channel abundance, presynaptic calcium influx, and neurotransmitter release - functions in motor axon pathfinding
mummy: UDP-N- acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase - functions in apical extracellular matrix formation by producing GlcNAc residues; needed for chitin synthesis and protein glycosylation - regulates cuticle production, tracheal morphogenesis, and axon guidance
musashi: RNA binding protein - Notch signaling regulates Msi activity as a translational repressor of Tramtrack in the generation; of non-neuronal lineages in during bristle development
muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor, A-type & muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor, B-type: olfactory associative learning, ON/OFF discrimination in the Drosophila larval visual system, modulation of locomotion and neural circuit excitability in larvae
muscleblind: RNA splice factor involved in terminal muscle and eye differentiation - mutants model features of myotonic dystrophy
Muscle LIM protein at 60A: cytoskeletal LIM-domain protein, zinc-ion binding Cys-rich protein a protein - expressed strongly in the Z-band region of the; sarcomere - involved in development and maintenance of the embryonic and flight muscles - promotes myogenic differentiation
muscle segment homeobox-1 (preferred name: Drop): transcription factor - homeodomain - confers cell fate on the dorsal (lateral-most) column of neuroblasts; during ventral cord development - patterning of the wing disc, specification of myoblasts, proper development; of muscle, neuronal and glial cells, male genital disc, and regulation of glucose metabolism
muscle segment homeobox 2 (preferred name: tinman): transcription factor - homeodomain - NK2 class - required for heart development
Muscle-specific protein 300 kDa (common alternative name: Nesprin): cytoskeletal protein - transports mRNAs from the nucleus to postsynaptic sites during synaptic maturation -; controls glutamate receptor density at the neuromuscular junction - promotesn myonuclear spacing
mushroom bodies tiny: PAK kinase - downstream effector of Cdc42 - regulates cell adhesion dependent processes during photoreceptor cell differentiation
mushroom body defect: involved in spindle orientation during asymmetric cell division - asymmetrically localized Partner; of inscuteable-Gαi complexes regulate spindle orientation by directly binding to Mud which in turn binds microtubules
mushroom body miniature: PHD finger superfamily protein - a nucleolar protein required for small ribosomal subunit biogenesis - transcriptionally; regulated by Myc which relays information from nutrient dependent signaling pathways to ribosomal gene expression -; part of the Myc and CK2 regulatory networks for coordination of neuroblast growth and proliferation
multiple ankyrin repeats single KH domain (common alternative name: Mask): scaffolding protein involved in Hippo signaling pathway - cofactor of Yorkie - regulation of macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosomal-mediated; degradation - genetically interacts with Parkin to modulate mitochondrial morphology - negatively regulates the recruitment of Parkin to; mitochondria - negatively regulates the recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria - promotes autophagic flux by enhancing lysosomal function
multiprotein bridging factor 1: Helix-turn-helix transcription factor - coactivator that translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus to induce stress-response genes - protects; Enhancer of zeste mRNA from Pacman activity thereby ensuring Polycomb silencing - AP-1-dependent epithelial closure becomes sensitive to H2O2 in; flies lacking MBF1 - co-activator for Tracheae Defective contributing to the formation of tracheal and nervous systems
mutagen-sensitive 209 (preferred name name: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen): Polymerase-delta/epsilon processivity factor - a sliding clamp that encircles DNA and tethers the DNA polymerase catalytic unit to the DNA template
Myb oncogene-like: transcription factor - Myb DNA-binding domain - required for mitosis and prevention of endoreduplication in wing cells - activates the transcription of genes; involved in the G2/M phases of the cell cycle by inhibition of the highly conserved MuvB multi-protein repressor complex.
Myc (common alternative name name: diminutive): bHLH - leucine zipper - homologous to vertebrate Myc proto-oncogenes - controls cell cycle progression, cell growth, cell competition and; regenerative proliferation - suppresses tumor invasion and cell migration by inhibiting the JNK signaling
Myd88: an an adaptor protein - death domain protein - encodes an essential component of the Toll pathway in dorsoventral pattern; formation - involved in signal transduction in the immune response in the regulation of antimicrobial peptides.
Myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor: interacts with various factors involved in transcriptional regulation, regulates cell proliferation during eye morphogenesis,; Lozenge activity during hematopoetic development and assembly of the COP9 signalosome complex
myoblast city: a docking protein: DOCK180 homolog - by guanine nucleotide exchange factor - essential for myoblast fusion - in combination with; Ced-12, activates the Rac1 monomeric GTPase - contributes to border cell migration and dorsal closure
Myocardin-related transcription factor: conserved cofactor for serum response factor - required for border cell migration during oogenesis -; activation induced by cell stretching - regulates tracheal branching
myocyte enhancer factor 2: transcription factor - mads box - regulates muscle differentiation - Tinman and Pannier activate; and collaborate with Myocyte enhancer factor-2 to promote heart cell fate
myoglianin: secreted Transforming growth factor-beta family ligand - secreted by glial cells; during larval brain development - for neuronal expression of Ecdysone receptor
Myoinhibiting peptide precursor: ancestral ligand for the Sex peptide receptor - acts directly in the polyamine-detecting olfactory and taste neurons -; regulation of polyamine attraction, stabilization of sleep
myopic: signaling protein regulating receptor endocytosis, regulates integrin trafficking, Yorkie endosomal association; and protein levels, the Egfr pathway and the Toll pathway
myosin II (preferred name: zipper): non-muscle myosin - motor protein - crucial functions in motility, cytokinesis, dorsal closure, cytoplasmic transport; required for cell motility - promotes the anisotropic loss of the apical domain during Drosophila neuroblast ingression; required for cell proliferation, cell sheet adhesion and wing hair morphology during wing morphogenesis
Myosin binding subunit: regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase flapwing - involved in dorsal closure - involved in cell movement; and in the arrest of constriction of contractile rings and ring canals during oogenesis.
Myosin 10A: cytoskeletal motor protein required during dorsal closure for the correct alignment of cells on opposing sides; of the fusing epithelial sheets and for adhesion of the cells during the final zippering/fusion phase
Myosin 31DF: cytoskeletal motor protein required in the hindgut epithelium and testes for normal embryonic handedness (left-right asymmetry)
Myosin 61F: motor protein present within the microvillus of the gut apical brush border where it forms lateral tethers; between the microvillus membrane and underlying actin filament core - maintains structural integrity of the brush border domain enterocyte -; provides resistance against oral infection by bacterial pathogens
myospheroid: transmembrane protein - integrin-beta subunit of PS1 & PS2 - integrins are used to attach mesoderm to ectoderm and are required; for the proper assembly of the extracellular matrix and for muscle attachment - functions in signaling; between presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments of the neuromuscular junction
Myosuppressin: Myosuppressin is expressed in pars intercerebralis - Ms is a decapeptide that diminishes cardiac contractility and gut; motility - enlarges crops in flies that were fed ad libitum, consistent with the relaxant properties of Ms on insect muscles
Myosuppressin receptor 1 and Myosuppressin receptor 2: Myosuppressin receptors are crop muscle receptors through which Ms signals to modulate crop enlargement - MsRs exhibit a unique ionic lock,; a novel 3-6 lock, a transmission switch, and a tyrosine toggle switch involved in mechanisms underlying TM movement and MS-R activation
Myt1: Wee1-like kinase that specifically regulates Cdk1 (Cdc2) activity in the cytoplasm - Myt1 inhibition of Cyclin A/Cdk1 is essential for; fusome integrity and pre-meiotic centriole engagement in Drosophila spermatocytes

N
nab: transcriptional cofactor - co-activator of Squeeze in CNS neurons - co-repressor of; Rotund in wing - interacts with Brinker to eliminate cells with reduced Dpp signaling
Na/Ca-exchange protein: involved in phototransduction and response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
NAD kinase 1a: sustains lipogenesis by maintaining the pool of NADPH - NADPH production rescues the lipid storage defect in the fat body of NADK RNAi; animals -NADK and fatty acid synthase 1 regulate mitochondrial mass and function by altering the levels of acetyl-CoA and fatty acids.
NADPH oxidase: generation of reactive oxygen species, Nox knockdown in mature follicle cells leads to a reduction in superoxide and to defective; ovulation - Nox is required for induction of the secreted Turandot family proteins through the action of Unpaired proteins - extracellular; actin detection via Nox dependent Src-family kinase-dependent cascade is means of detecting cell injury - expressed in midgut
naked cuticle: EF-hand calcium-binding domain protein involved in Wingless pathway - targets dishevelled to antagonize Wnt signal transduction
nanchung: calcium channel, TRP family - partners with the channel Inactive in hearing transduction - in labellar mechanosensory neurons involved in; preference for soft food - Nan-expressing neurons under recurved bristles along the wing margin are essential sensory components for defensive; behavior - insecticides serve as specific agonists of Nan-Iav complexes that, by promoting cellular calcium influx, silence the stretch receptor cells
nanos: translational repressor - zinc finger - crucial organizer of the germ plasm - targets Hunchback and Bicoid mRNAs to achieve posterior identity - acts like a clamp; to hold Pumilio close to specific RNAs, which allows Pumilio to switch off the production of the corresponding proteins
Na pump α subunit: ion pump responsible for the cellular balance of sodium and potassium ions - regulation of neuronal excitability and auditory mechanosensation -; epithelial junction function - tracheal tube-size control - septate junction function - neurodegeneration - muscles - malpighian tubules
nautilus: transcription factor - myogenic bHLH factor - ortholog of the mammalian family of bHLH Myogenic Regulatory Factors - involved in somatic muscle myogenesis
Death regulator Nedd2-like caspase (common alternative name: Dronc): cysteine protease - a functional homolog of CED-3/caspase-9 - initiator caspase - involved in programmed cell death -; activated by interaction with the Apaf-containing apoptosome
Nedd4: E3 ubiquitin ligase - negatively regulates the Notch signaling pathway and the genes comm and Amph - contributes to neuromuscular; synaptogenesis, transverse tubule formation in muscles, and muscle function - formation and actin-dependent patterning of the heart
Negative elongation factor E: RNA-binding protein - along with other factors, NELF causes polymerase to pause in the promoter proximal region of heat shock genes
neither inactivation nor afterpotential C (common alternative name: NinaC): motor domain protein involved in adaptation during visual signal transduction - regulates of translocation; of Arrestin2 - required for stability of INAD and PKC
Neither inactivation nor afterpotential E (common alternative name: Rh1): rhodopsin expressed in photoreceptors R1-R6, response to light intensity, phototransduction, thermotaxis
nejire: CBP, a transcriptional co-activator that interacts with a large number of developmentally important transcription factors - acetylates several nuclear; proteins, including histone H3 on K18, K27, and H4 on K8. - roles in cell proliferation, cell signaling and differentiation, and in developmental patterning
nemo: protein serine/threonine kinase involved in establishing ommatidial rotation/planar cell polarity, retinal specification and neuronal function, and circadian; clock speed - regulates the activity of several signal transduction pathways, including; BMP, Wnt, and Notch - implicated in fly models of neurodegenerative diseases
NEM-sensitive fusion protein 2: homohexameric AAA ATPase - developmentally regulated N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) gene - mutants are defective in the synaptic growth; and maturation that occurs during larval development - functions to recycle SNARE complex components; subsequent to membrane fusion - required for tracheal tube growth and connectivity within the terminal cell
Neprilysin 4: endopeptidase involved in the extra-cellular metabolism of signalling peptides - metallopeptidase - regulates; insulin-like peptide (ILP) expression and food intake - required in the mushroom body for middle-term and long-term memory
nervana 1 and nervana 2: β subunit of Na,K-ATPase, plays an ion-pump-independent; role in junction formation and tracheal morphogenesis - important for maintaining cellular membrane potential in muscles
nervous fingers 1 (common alternative name: Nerfin-1): zinc finger transcription factor required for the proper development of CNS commissural and connective axon fascicles -; prevents reversion of neurons into neural stem cells
nervous wreck: a member of a family of adaptor proteins - F-BAR/SH3 protein that regulates synapse growth - controls synapse morphology; by interacting with Wasp - regulates actin dynamics - interacts with thickveins and the endocytic machinery; to attenuate retrograde BMP signaling during synaptic growth
nervy: probable transcriptional co-repressor - described as an AKAP binding protein, zinc finger protein expressed in the CNS and involved in; axon guidance - required for proper morphogenesis of sensory neuron dendrites
Nesprin (preferred name: Muscle-specific protein 300 kDa): cytoskeletal protein - transports mRNAs from the nucleus to postsynaptic sites during synaptic maturation -; controls glutamate receptor density at the neuromuscular junction - promotes myonuclear spacing
net: bHLH transcription factor - promotes vein production in the wing
Netrin-A and Netrin-B: secreted factors that provide instructive guidance cues in axonogenesis
neuralized: cytoplasmic zinc finger signaling protein - neurogenic - promotes or modulates the Notch neurogenic signal at the receptor/ligand level
Neural Lazarillo: Lipocalin family member, a homologue of vertebrate Apolipoprotein D and Retinol Binding Protein 4, required for JNK-mediated stress and starvation tolerance,; negatively regulates Insulin signaling, disrupting glucose homeostasis, repressing growth, and extending lifespan
Neurexin 1: ligand of neuroligins involved in development and function of synaptic architecture in the brain and neuromuscular junction - glutamergic synapse
Neurexin IV: multifunctional protein required for structural integrity of septate junctions
Neurofibromin 1: GAP-related domain protein functioning in the PKA pathway - critical to the biochemical processes underlying olfactory learning
Neuroglian: IG superfamily - NgCAM related - a cell aggregaton and signaling molecule that transmits the positional value of cell adhesion; to the cytoplasmic assembly of ankyrin and spectrin
neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-2: Postsynaptic receptor that interacts with presynaptic Neurexins - recruits scaffolding proteins for organization of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors -; mediates the precise apposition of presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes
Neuroligin 4: neural cell adhesion molecule - neuromuscular junction BMP signaling pathway - sleep social behavior, interacts physically interact with Thickveins
neuropeptide F: peptide hormone - developmentally programmed to modify foraging and social behavior in Drosophila larvae
Neuropilin and tolloid-like (common alternative name: Neto): transmembrane protein - auxiliary subunit of ionic Glutamate receptor required for clustering of ionotropic glutamate receptors; at the neuromuscular junction, for organization of postsynaptic densities and for synapse functionality
Neurotactin: transmembrane serine esterase homolog - Mutations in Neurotactin frequently cause defasciculation of the normally tightly associated ocellar pioneer axons
neurotic (preferred name: O-fucosyltransferase 1): modifies Notch by attaching fucose within EGF domains - positively required for Notch signaling,; essential for the physical interaction of Notch with its ligand Delta and for the ability of Fringe to modulate this interaction
Neurotrophin 1: secreted ligand that maintains neuronal survival - expression rescues naturally occurring cell death and enables targeting by motor neurons
nicastrin: component of a proteolytic complex, along with Presenilin, that targets Notch and ß amyloid protein - Zn-dependent exopeptidase - co-expression; of the four core γ-secretase components, Presenilin, Nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2 promotes the efficient assembly of mature, proteolytically active γ-secretase
Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase: NAD salvage pathway - catalyzing the last step of NAD synthesis - stress response protein - required for thermotolerance and mitigation of oxidative stress-induced; shortened lifespan - protects against axonal degeneration through chaperone activity - protects against neurodegeneration through a proteasome-mediated; pathway - required for maintaining active zone structural integrity by interacting Bruchpilot - regulated post-transcriptionally by Highwire function
nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α1: forms pentameric receptors involved in fast excitatory synaptic neurotransmission - associated with changes in courtship, sleep longevity and insecticide resistance
nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α5, nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α6 & nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α7: neurotransmitter-gated ion-channels - cholinergic synapse formation and dendritic refinement - site of action of insecticides
Nidogen/entactin: basement membrane component - required for proper assembly and maintenance of certain basement membranes; of the adipose tissue and flight muscles - binds to and couples Collagen IV and Laminin networks
Niemann-Pick Type C-1: a transmembrane protein related to the Hedgehog receptor Patched - mutants have a shortage of sterol, and, as a; consequence, inadequate ecdysone synthesis - required in the maintenance of neuronal function and; viability - loss of NPC1a in neurons mimics the human Niemann-Pick disease type C neurodegenerative condition
Niemann-Pick Type C-2: lysosomal cholesterol-binding protein that functions redundantly with npc2b in regulating sterol homeostasis and ecdysteroid biosynthesis
Nijmegen breakage syndrome: encodes a multifunctional protein that plays critical roles in the response to DNA damage and telomere maintenance -; part of a protein complex, MRN, that senses DNA strand breaks and amplifies the signal and then conveys it to; downstream effectors, such as ATM and p53, that regulate cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair
Nimrod C1: EGF-like repeat transmembrane protein located on phagocytic cells - mediates resistence to bacteria
Nipped-A: Homologue of the yeast Tra1 and human TRRAP proteins - a key component of both the SAGA and Tip60 (NuA4) chromatin-modifying complexes -; required for Mastermind function during wing development
Nipped-B: a DNA-binding transcription factor regulates gene expression by controlling cohesin dynamics - regulates of sister chromatid cohesion
Nitric oxide synthase: Ca++/Calmodulin sensitive enzyme - ectopic expression of NOS at the late stages of larval development results in a decrease in cell proliferation; and a reduction in the size of the adult fly's structures - regulates growth coordination during imaginal disc regeneration
NK1 (preferred name: slouch, common alternative name: S59): transcription factor - homeodomain - NK-1 class - maintenance of slouch is directly involved in the control of late aspects of muscle development,; such as muscle differentiation and morphogenesis, and possibly also innervation
NK2 (preferred name: ventral nervous system defective): transcription factor - homeodomain - NK2 class - required for the formation of a subset of segmental neuroblasts, and possibly; as a neuroectodermal committment gene - upstream of proneural achaete-scute; complex - required for specification of the tritocerebrum in embryonic brain development
Nkx6 (preferred name: HGTX): homeobox, NK decapeptide domain transcription factor - acts within a subclass of early born neurons to link; neuronal subtype identity to neuronal morphology; and connectivity - acts in parallel with exex to promote the development and differentiation of motor neurons that innervate ventral body wall muscles
NMDA receptor 1 and NMDA receptor 2: voltage/Mg²⁺-dependent Ca²⁺ channels activated by glutamate - required for olfactory learning
no circadian temperature entrainment: large glutamate-rich protein involved in temperature synchronization of behavioral activity
no distributive disjunction: kinesin - cytoskeletal motor protein that functions during meiosis and mitosis - produces chromosome congression forces by microtubule plus end-directed; motility and tip-tracking on polymerizing microtubule plus ends via association with EB1 plus end-directed motor - necessary for; chromosome segregation during meiosis and for proper chromosome alignment along the meiotic spindle
no mechanoreceptor potential C: a mechanosensitive Ca²⁺ TRP family channel, mediates locomotion related proprioception (touch sensation); in PNS localized neurons - mediates sound detection in Johnston's organ
non-claret disjunctional: cytoskeletal motor protein - minus end directed kinesin - involved in spindle dynamics during meiosis and mitosis
non-stop: ubiquitin-specific protease involved in glial development - effects axon guidance
no-on-and-no-off transient C: a regulatory kinase of the nonsense-mediated decay pwathway - acts to regulate proper mRNA translation to safeguard synapse morphology and; maintain the efficacy of synaptic function
no poles: E3 ubiquitin ligase required for the preservation of genomic integrity during early embryogenesis
nord: a target the Hh signaling pathway - related to the vertebrate Neuron Derived Neurotrophic; Factor (NDNF) - localizes to the extracellular matrix - binds to Decapentaplegic or the; heterodimer Dpp-Glass bottom boat (Gbb) to modulate their release and activity - a dosage-depend; BMP modulator, where low levels of Nord promote and high levels inhibit BMP signaling
no receptor potential A: phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C used in visual and odor signal transduction
Nostrin & Cdc42-interacting protein 4: F-BAR proteins involved in regulation of membrane curvature and dynamics - regulation of dynamin-dependent endocytosis of E-cadherin; during oogenesis - Cip4 acts downstream of Cdc42 to activate the WASP-WAVE-Arp2/3 pathway in the notum and the wing epithelium -; Nostrin makes contact with microtubules through the kinesin Khc-73 for trafficking of recycling endosomes
Notch: transmembrane receptor - neurogenic - responsible for lateral inhibition and cell fate choices
not enough muscle (preferred name: inscuteable): novel protein - SH3 binding domain, ankyrin repeats and cytoskeletal attachment domain - controller of cell fate during asymmetric cell division
Notopleural: enzyme - homologous to ST14 transmembrane serine protease matriptase - morphogenesis and remodelling of apical ECM during; tracheal system developmen and essential for maintenance of the transepithelial barrier function - both Np and Tpr degrade; the zona pellucida-domain (ZP-domain) protein Dumpy, a component of the transient tracheal apical ECM - Ubx acts by; repressing the expression of two genes in the haltere, Stubble and Notopleural both of which remodel the; apical extracellular matrix to promote wing morphogenesis
Notum (common alternative name: wingful): alpha/ß-hydrolase - Wingless antagonist - acts to induce cleavage of the Dlp glypican at the level of its GPI anchor leading to shedding of Dlp -; spatially regulated modification of Dlp by Notum employs the ligand binding activity of Dlp to promote or inhibit signaling in a context-dependent manner
n-synaptobrevin: a v-SNARE - a vesicular protein that plays a key role during synaptic vesicle exocytosis - involved in a neuron-specific; sort-and-degrade mechanism that protects neurons from degeneration
Nuak family kinase: serine/threonine kinase that biochemically and genetically interacts with the cochaperone Starvin in the autophagic clearance of protein aggregates in; larval muscles - Filamin/Cheerio is a target of NUAK kinase activity and abnormally accumulates upon loss of the Starvin-Hsc70-4 complex
nubbin (common alternative name: Pdm1): ttranscription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - involved in cell fate determination of a subset of temporally determined neural subtypes - morphology of; sensory neurons is diversified through a series of suppressive transcriptional interactions involving Nubbin and Pdm2,; Cut and transcription factors Scalloped and Vestigial - Nubbin and Teashirt mark barriers to clonal growth along the proximal-distal axis of the wing
nuclear fallout: pericentrosomal protein which, along with Rab11, is involved in membrane trafficking and actin remodeling; during membrane furrow formation during cellularization - involved in endosomal-mediated membrane delivery to the site of furrow formation
Nuclear polyadenosine RNA-binding 2: poly(A) RNA binding protein - functions in cytoplasmic control of neuronal mRNAs in conjunction with; the fragile X protein ortholog dFMRP - patterns axon projection in the developing brain
nuclear untranslated RNA gene iab-4 (common alternative name: infraabdominal): directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,; the transformation of halteres into wings
Nucleolar protein at 60B (common alternative name: minifly): pseudouridylate synthase - enzymatically modifies ribosomal RNA - required for maintenance of germ-line stem cells
Nucleoporin 44A (alternative name: Seh1): component of a nucleoporin subcomplex - a binding parter of Missing oocyte; regulates nuclear architecture and meiotic progression in early ovarian cysts
Nucleoporin 93kD-1: nuclear pore complex - scaffold nucleoporin considered important for the overall integrity of the nuclear pore complex - functions in supporting Smad nuclear import -; a core component of the inner ring sub-complex - associates primarily with Polycomb-silenced regions - Nup93 recruits Nup62 to suppress chromatin tethering by Nup155
Nucleoporin 98-96kD: transcriptional regulator - viral-induced primary response gene - lymph gland hematopoietic development
Nucleosome assembly protein 1: Histone chaperone - chromatin assembly - core histone chaperone involved in histone nuclear transfer and chromatin assembly -; regulates the transcription of the HeT-A retrotransposon
Nucleostemin1: GTPase that acts in serotonergic neurons to regulate insulin signaling and thus exert global growth control
nudel: serine protease - docking protein - dorsal group - part of a signaling cascade that determines dorsal/ventral polarity of the embryo - required for eggshell biogenesis
nullo: novel myristoylprotein with a cluster of basic amino acids present in the basal junction and required for its formation at the onset of cellularization
numb: signaling protein - targeted by Notch signaling - involved in determination of alternate cell fates - regulates the; balance between Notch recycling and late endosome targeting in neural progenitor cells
Numb-associated kinase: A component of the endocytic pathway - regulates Neuroglian endocytosis during dendritic extension - regulates Discs large localization; in salivary gland cells - antagonizes the function of Numb and consequently regulates asymmetric cell division
NURF301 (preferred name: Enhancer of bithorax): major subunit of nucleosome remodeling factor (nurf) - multiple domain protein with HMGI/Y and bromodomain motifs - interacts physically; and functionally with the TRF2/DREF basal transcription factor to organize nucleosomes downstream of active promoters

O
obstructor-A: secreted scaffold-like protein - binds chitin - recruits proteins for chitin-matrix growth - modulates; localization of proteins at the ECM - controls tracheal tube diameter - affects cuticle; stiffness during wound repair - promotes morphogenesis and axonal growth in the prothoracic gland
ocelliless: transcription factor - homeodomain - paired-like - acts in a combinatorial fashion with the cephalic gap genes empty spiracles and buttonhead to assign; segmental identities in the head and brain - required for the expression of recognition molecules that control axon targeting in the Drosophila retina
Octopamine β receptor: G-protein coupled receptor - inhibitory regulation of synaptic and behavioral plasticity at excitatory synapses
Octopamine β3 receptor: G-protein coupled receptor, monoaminergic autocrine signaling, body size checkpoint, nutrient dependence of metamorphosis
Octopamine β 2R receptor: G-protein coupled receptor - autoregulatory control of synaptic and behavioral plasticity at excitatory synapses - control of appetitive motivation
Octopamine receptor in mushroom bodies: G-protein coupled receptor - activated in mated females and functions during ovulation; in the oviduct epithelium to facilitate egg-laying - expressed in mushroom bodies
odd-skipped: transcription factor - zinc finger - pair rule gene - mutants associated with cuticle defects that are limited to; alternate--odd-numbered--segments - labels a group of distinct neurons associated with the mushroom body and optic lobe in the adult brain
odd-paired: transcription factor - zinc finger - pair rule gene - required for the timely activation of engrailed and wingless during segmentation - controls; frequency doubling in Drosophila segmentation by altering the pair-rule gene regulatory network
Odorant receptor co-receptor (Common alternative name: Odorant receptor 83b): 7 TM odorant receptor - broadly expressed receptor of unknown function - required for dendritic localization of conventional odorant receptors -; mutation disrupts behavioral and electorphysiological responses to many odorants
Odorant receptor 22a and Odorant receptor 22b: 7 TM odorant receptor - Or22a responds to ethyl butyrate - localized to dendritic membranes of 22 cells of the basomedial region of the antenna
Odorant receptor 56a: 7 TM odorant receptor - a receptor for a microbial odorant (geosmin) that alerts flies to the presence of harmful microbes -; regulates feeding and breeding behavior
Odorant receptor 65a: 7 TM odorant receptor - courtship behavior - confers aversive response to cis-vaccenyl acetate
Odorant receptor 67d: 7 TM odorant receptor - courtship behavior - the male-specific pheromone 11-cVA acts through Or67d to regulate both male and female mating behavior
Odorant receptor 71a, Odorant receptor 94a and Odorant receptor 94a: detection of yeast-produced ethylphenols, induction of positive chemotaxis, oviposition, and increased feeding
off-schedule: functions as translation initiation factor eIF4G during spermatogenesis to coordinate the initiation of meiotic division and differentiation
off-track: CCK-4 family of 'dead' receptor tyrosine kinases, Ig-domains - required for lamina-specific targeting of R1-R6 axons -; associates with Plexin, the receptor for Semaphorin ligand
O-fucosyltransferase 1 (alternative name: neurotic): modifies Notch by attaching fucose within EGF domains - positively required for Notch signaling,; essential for the physical interaction of Notch with its ligand Delta and for the ability of Fringe to modulate this interaction
O-GlcNAc transferase (preferred name: super sex combs): enzyme and polycomb factor - induces Hipk-mediated tumor-like growth proteasomal degradation - Hipk is; O-GlcNAcylated by OGT - cooperates with N-glycanase to regulate proliferation in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and apoptosis in; differentiated enterocytes - controls of synaptic size and synaptic bouton number at the neuromuscular junction - part of a; clock-regulated buffering mechanism that prevent excessive O-GlcNAcylation at non-optimal times of the day-night cycle - O-GlcNAcylation of; TDP-43 suppresses ALS-associated proteinopathies and promotes TDP-43's splicing function - plays a role in; habituation learning - O-GlcNAcylation is needed for Polyhomeotic to form functional, ordered assemblies
okra: DNA helicase involved in DNA repair - required for meiosis - the Drosophila homolog of the yeast DNA-repair protein Rad54
olf186-F (common alternative name: Orai): store-operated Ca²⁺ channel involved in rhythmic firing of the flight motoneurons - physically interacts with; the Ca²⁺ store sensor Stim (Stromal interaction molecule) to form the Ca²⁺ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel
Olig family: HLH transcription factor expressed in the brain and CNS - motor neuron identify factor - regulates axon guidance
onecut: homeodomain and cut domain - regulates some aspects of neural differentiation or maintenance
optic ganglion reduced (common alternative names: Ogre and Inx-1): gap junction protein functioning in blood-brain barrier glia - mediate the influence; of metabolic changes on stem cell behavior; response of glia to nutritional signals
Optic atrophy 1: mediates fusion of the inner mitochondrial membrane, suppression of Opa1 induces cardiac dysfunction associated with mitochondrial depolarization and ROS production
Optix: homeodomain and Six domain - involved in eye morphogenesis by an eyeless-independent mechanism - regulates antero-posterior patterning of the ocelli
optomotor-blind (preferred name: bifid): transcription factor - brachyury T homolog - involved in differentiation of the brain, the CNS, the wing and in patterning of adult abdominal segments; - promotes fold formation to separate wing notum and hinge territories
optomotor-blind-related-gene-1: T-box transcription factor - involved in the combinatorial activation of somatic muscle lineage-specific targets -; visceral mesoderm - gain of function causes antenna-to-leg transformations and shortened leg
Ora transientless: histamine-gated chloride channel required for synaptic transmission at the photoreceptor-large monopolar cells synapse and; for orientation and motion vision - responsible for synaptic transients in electroretinograms -; modulates temperature preference and controls tolerance of low and high temperature
orb: RRM - RNA binding protein - Drosophila's cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) -; functions in the transport of mRNAs coding for two essential proteins that govern polarity in the egg:; Oskar, an anterior/posterior determinate and Gurken, a dorsal/ventral determinant
orb2: cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein - RNA binding protein - forms amyloid-like oligomers enriched; in the synaptic membrane - critical for the persistence of long-term memory
Orbit (preferred name: Chromosome bows): microtubule-associated protein that plays an essential role facilitating the kinetochore-microtubule interaction -; maternially it facilitates multiple interactions of the fusome with mitotic spindles and ring canals -; zygotically it mediates the action of Slit and its receptors acting as a partner of the Abelson tyrosine kinase
orientation disrupter: rapidly evolving gene - involved in meiotic cohesion, chromosome core maintenance and homologous recombination
Origin recognition complex subunit 1: A subunit of the Origin recognition complex, regulating the initiation of DNA replication - Orc1 is degraded by APC; at the cell's exit from mitosis and reaccumulates at the end of G₁
Origin recognition complex 2: A subunit of the Origin recognition complex, involved in initiation of DNA replication - necessary at the interphase-to-mitosis; transition to recruit cdc2 kinase and disassemble RPA foci.
Origin recognition complex subunit 3 (common alternative lame: Latheo): ORC3 homolog - regulates DNA replication - also, a presynaptic protein with a role in the Ca2+-dependent synaptic modulation mechanisms necessary for behavioral plasticity
Origin recognition complex subunit 6: A DNA-binding protein that functions as subunit of the Origin recognition complex - involved in initiation of DNA replication -; facilitates GTPase activity and filament formation of the septin complex
orion: chemokine-like protein that binds to phosphatidylserine (PS) - PS exposure on neurons is supplied cell-non-autonomously; to coat dendrites> and to mediate interactions between PS and Draper, thus enabling phagocytosis - involved; in the transformation of glial cells into phagocytes in different developmental neuronal remodeling paradigms - expressed in; fat body, epidermal cells, trachea, hemocytes and glia - necessary for both axonal pruning and removal of axonal debris in the developing mushroom body
Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (common alternative name: gutfeeling): modifies the activity of Ornithine decarboxylase - regulates the nuclear entry and overall levels of Sex-lethal in early germ cells.
orthodenticle preferred name: Ocelliless: transcription factor - homeodomain - paired-like - acts in a combinatorial fashion with the cephalic gap genes empty spiracles and buttonhead to assign; segmental identities in the head and brain
orthopedia: homeodomain transcription factor - involved hindgut development of Drosophila, downstream factor of branchyenteron
osa (common alternative name: eyelid): transcription factor - Bright family - associates with the Brahma chromatin remodeling complex - antagonizes Wingless signaling; during Drosophila development and affects patterning of the eye imaginal disc
oskar: novel - assembles germ plasm - a anterior/posterior determinant regulating embryonic development - oskar RNA plays; multiple noncoding roles to support oogenesis and maintain integrity of the germline/soma distinction.
Otefin: a nuclear lamin that is essential for germline stem cell maintenance - physically interacts with Medea/Smad4; at the bam silencer element to regulate GSC fate
Otopetrin-like a: proton channel - mediates acid taste - functions in distinct subsets of gustatory receptor; neurons for repulsion and attraction to high and low levels of protons, respectively
ovarian tumor: novel protein required in oogenesis - ensures the survival of female germ cells in pupae, cyst formation in germ-line cells, the attainment; of mature chromosome structure in nurse cells and egg maturation.
ovo: zinc finger transcription factor - involved in ovarian maturation, sex determination, segment polarity
Ovulin (preferred name: Accessory gland peptide 26aa): male ejaculate accessory gland protein - increases ovulation through octopamine based neuronal signaling
OXA1L mitochondrial inner membrane protein: membrane insertase, mediates mitochondrial membrane insertion of cytochrome c oxidase proteins, localizes to cristae and reticular structures; isolated in the matrix in addition to the inner boundary membrane, suggesting that it may participate in the formation of vesicle germination-derived cristae

P
p38a MAP kinase: p38a serine/threonine protein kinase - involved in response stress including heat shock, oxidative stress; and starvation - activates its downstream component Atf-2 that in turn regulates Duox expression
p38b MAP kinase: a MAP kinase involved in transforming growth factor beta superfamily signal transduction in Drosophila wing; morphogenesis - regulates Hippo signaling in ovarian follicle cells and the wing disc
p53: DNA repair pathway and apoptosis transcription factor - restricts retrotransposon activity and genetically interacts with components of the piRNA pathway
Pabp2: poly(A) binding protein - functions in nuclear polyadenylation - cytoplasmic PABP2 acts to shorten the poly(A) tails of specific mRNAs
pacman: exoribonuclease that degrades decapped mRNA - directly interacts with Decapping protein 1 to couple mRNA decapping to 5' exonucleolytic; degradation - required for degradation of mRNAs targeted by NMD and RNAi - regulates polycomb silencing - regulates insulin-like peptide; dilp8 and the neuropeptide-like precursor Nplp2 mRNA levels - affects apoptosis and regulates expression of hid; and reaper - regulates expression of the heat shock protein Hsp67Bc and the microRNA miR-277-3p in wing imaginal discs
Paf1 (accepted Flybase name: antimeros): Part of a protein complex that directs the histone methyltransferase activity and links active transcription and modifications of chromatin structure.
painless: calcium channel - nociceptor - mutant is pain response defective - nociception genes painless and Piezo are required for the; cellular immune response of Drosophila larvae to wasp parasitization.
Painting of fourth: RNA-binding protein that increases transcription output from chromosome 4, targets specific loci on the X chromosome
paired: transcription factor - homeodomain - paired domain - plays a decisive role in the progression of a regulatory hierarchy from pair-rule directed; segmentation of the embryo to the subdivision carried out by segment polarity genes; specifying positional information within segments - regulates accessory gland development and male fertility
Paired box neuro: transcription factor - paired domain - specifies the differences between mono-innervated external sensory (m-es) organs; and poly-innervated external sensory (p-es) organs - determines the fate to form larval p-es organs and; adult chemosensory bristles - Pax2 and Poxn define the presumptive deutocerebral-tritocerebral boundary
PAK-kinase: p21-activated kinase - signal transduction protein functioning downstream of rac - required for growth cone guidance - BTB-kelch protein Diablo; modulates synaptic dPAK to gate glutamate receptor abundance and postsynaptic response
pale: tyrosine hydroxylase - catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis - mediates the oxidation of tyrosine to L-DOPA -; DOPA decarboxylase may then metabolize L-DOPA to dopamine
palisade: multi-domain protein that acts during oogenesis to coordinate assembly of the vitelline membrane -; required for functional properties of the eggshell
Pallidin: a central subunit of a complex called biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC1) that regulates specific endosomal; functions - Downregulation of Pallidin in surface glia reduces and delays nighttime sleep in a circadian-clock-dependent manner - links essential; amino acid availability and GABAergic sleep/wake regulation - downregulation neutral amino acid transporter-like transporters as well; as of TOR amino acid signaling, phenocopy Pallidin knockdown - supplementing food with leucine normalizes the sleep/wake phenotypes of Pallidin downregulation
pancreatic eIF-2α kinase (common alternative name: Perk): phosphorylates and inhibits the translation initiation factor 2 α, control of intestinal stem cell proliferation,; homeostatic regeneration, unfolded protein response of the ER, endoplasmic reticulum stress
pangolin: transcription factor - HMG domain - segment polarity - acts to transduce the Wingless signal - toggles between acting as a transcriptional; repressor (when bound to Groucho) and activator (when bound to Armadillo) to promote cell fate specification
pan gu: serine/threonine kinase - inhibits DNA replication in the unfertilized egg and permits the accumulation of Cyclin B during early; mitotic divisions - controls the translation of hundreds of mRNAs, such as CyclinB and Smaug, during the; oocyte-to-embryo transition - active Png kinase requires the formation of a complex with the two activating subunits Plutonium and Giant nuclei.
pannier (common alternative name: dGATAa): transcription factor - zinc finger - GATA family - required for the normal pattern; of sensory bristles in parts of the dorsal epithelium - an activator of proneural achaete-scute complex genes - roles; include dorsal cell fate determination, nervous system development and lymph gland development
Panoramics: chromatin factor - transposon repression - positive regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing - piRNA-guided transcriptional; silencing - piRNA binding - forms a protein complex with Nxf2 and Nxt1/p15 that provides the key molecular connection between; Piwi, the nascent target RNA, and the cellular heterochromatin machinery
paralytic: α-subunit of voltage-gated sodium channel - neuromuscular junction - required for locomotor activity - generates; sodium-dependent action potentials - regulated by RNA alternative splicing and translational repression
par-1: serine/threonine kinase involved in cell polarization during asymmetric cell division - synaptic active zone; proteins are transported via mechanisms regulated by Par-1 kinase
par-6: PDZ domain transcription factor required for asymmetric cell division of neuroblasts and for the maintenance of oocyte; cell fate - regulates gene expression in muscles and in circadian clock neurons.
PAR-domain protein 1: PAR-domain bZIP transcription factor - controls skeletal muscle genes during differentiation - regulates expression of the Tropomyosin I gene; in somatic body-wall and pharyngeal muscles
parkin: ubiquitin protein ligase - degrades proteins with aberrant conformations - mutants exhibit muscle degeneration, male sterility,; and defects in brain dopaminergic cells - PINK1 activates Parkin activity leading to ubiquitination; of multiple proteins, which in turn promotes clearance of mitochondria by mitophagy
partner of drosha: double-stranded RNA-binding protein - essential for the biogenesis of canonical miRNAs - required for imaginal disc growth
partner of inscuteable: involved in asymmetric cell divisions and establishment of cell polarity - Prefoldin acts synergistically with; Pins to regulate asymmetric division of both neuroblasts and intermediate neural progenitors
partner of numb: adaptor protein that physically associates with and regulates Numb - Polo can inhibit progenitor self-renewal by directly phosphorylating Partner of numb
parvin: a component of the tripartite IPP complex that maintains the integrin-actin link at embryonic muscle attachment sites -; affects the organization of actin cytoskeleton in both wing and eye epithelia
Pasiflora1 and Pasiflora2: tetraspan proteins - core components of septate junctions - blood-brain and tracheal barriers
patched: transmembrane protein - segment polarity gene - receptor for Hedgehog - The reception and transduction of the HH signal is mediated by its receptor; Patched and by Smoothened - PTC and HH control SMO by regulating its stability, trafficking, and phosphorylation - SMO in turn interacts; directly with Fused and Costal2, which interact with each other and with Cubitus interruptus in an intracellular Hedgehog transducing complex
pathetic: expressed in both neuroblasts and glia - In NBs, path is directly targeted by Notch signalling via Su(H) binding - Loss of path in; larval brain neural stem cells delays proliferation - important in glial cells to help protect brain growth under conditions of nutrient; restriction - a candidate gene in the nutritional circuit between systemic muscle wasting and tumour growth in proline vulnerable; cancers - mutation of path impinges on nutrient responses and protein homeostasis specifically in neurons with large dendrite arbors but not in other cells
Patj: PDZ-domain junctional protein involved in assembling a protein complex that functions in planar cell polarity - Patj forms an; apical protein complex with Crumbs and Stardust - plays supporting roles in apico-basal cell polarity and; stability of adherens junction - involved in retinal morphogenesis, maintenance, and planar cell polarity.
Patronin: microtubule minus-end-binding protein - organization of apical microtubule network to ensure size/shape homogeneity - links epithelial; polarity to folding via a microtubule-based mechanical mechanism - interacts with and recruited by Shot stop which interacts; with the cell cortex through its actin-binding domain - antagonist of microtubule depolymerizing kinesin Klp10A
pavarotti: a kinesin motor protein - required both to establish the structure of the telophase spindle to provide a framework for assembly of the contractile ring; and to mobilize mitotic regulator proteins - Pavarotti as an inhibitor of kinesin-1-driven microtubule sliding that regulates neurite outgrowth
Paxillin: cytoskeletal adaptor that couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton in focal adhesions - positively regulates Rac; and negatively regulating Rho - regulates actin dynamics and cell adhesion during muscle fusion -; targeted by JNK in the regulation of border-cell cluster integrity during oogenesis
PAX transcription activation domain interacting protein: BRCT (BRCA1 carboxy terminal) domain protein that can bind to phosphorylated serine residues - chromatin-binding protein implicated in epigenetic control; of development and differentiation - potential trithorax gene cofactor - potential interactor with transcription factors that also serves as a modifier of histones
Pcaf (preferred name: Gcn5 ortholog): a major histone H3 acetylase in Drosophila that plays a key role in the control of specific morphogenetic; cascades during developmental transitions - Gcn5 interacts with Cyclin A to facilitate proper turnover; in germ-line stem cells - Gcn5 promotes Cyclin A ubiquitination, which is dependent on its acetylating activity.
Pcf11 (preferred name: Protein 1 of cleavage and polyadenylation factor 1): RNA binding motif protein - dismantles elongation complexes by a RNA Polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) dependent mechanism; - forms a bridge between the CTD and RNA
pch2: conserved AAA+ ATPase that participates in a double strand break independent meiotic prophase checkpoint
PDGF- and VEGF-receptor related: Ig C-2 type domain receptor tyrosine kinase - required for border cell migration
PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 1: ligands that orchestrate migratory patterns of hemocytes at the embryonic ventral midline - essential cell autonomously; for proper positioning of the salivary glands - border cell migration
PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 2 and PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 3: ligands that orchestrate migratory patterns of hemocytes at the embryonic ventral midline -; essential cell autonomously for proper positioning of the salivary glands
pdm-1 (preferred name: Nubbin): transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - involved in cell fate determination of a subset of temporally determined neural; subtypes - morphology of sensory neurons is diversified through a series of suppressive transcriptional interactions; involving Nubbin and Pdm2, Cut and transcription factors Scalloped and Vestigial - Nubbin and Teashirt mark barriers to clonal growth along the proximal-distal axis of the wing
pdm-2 (preferred name: POU domain protein 2): transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - collaborates with nubbin/pdm-1 during specification of the RP2/sib lineage in Drosophila; neurogenesis - acts as a temporal identity gene and a timing gene required for the termination of the Kruppel temporal identity window
peanut: member of the septin family of polymerizing GTPases - functions together with Septin 1 and Septin 2 in organizing the cytoskeleton during cytokinesis and septum formation
pebble: a Rho GEF required for the formation of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis - acts via Rho and polarity; proteins to direct the assembly of an isotropic actomyosin cortex upon mitotic entry
pebbled (alternative name: hindsight): multiple zinc finger transcription factor - plays a permissive role facilitating the process of germ band retraction - acts as a; tissue-specific transcriptional attenuator. - roles include embryonic morphogenesis and development of ovary, retina and respiratory system
pecanex: a component of the Notch signaling pathway - a transmembrane protein required for ER function - potentially required in Notch; signal-receiving cells for processing of Notch protein
P-element somatic inhibitor: splice factor that regulates the thermosensitive alternative splicing of timeless (tim) - AGO1 interacts with Psi to repress Myc; transcription and inhibit developmental cell and tissue growth - Psi interacts with the mediator complex to modulate MYC transcription - Psi interaction; with the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (snRNP) controls male courtship behavior by regulation splicing; for fruitless - regulates splicing of the P-element transposase pre-mRNA by binding a pseudo-splice site upstream of the authentic splice site
pelle: tyrosine kinase - Toll pathway - dorsal group - involved in signal transduction during induction of dorsal/ventral polarity; during early embryogenesis - regulation of antimicrobial peptides.
pelota: RNA binding motif protein - controls germ-line stem cell self-renewal by repressing a differentiation pathway, possibly through; regulating translation - RNA surveillance complex Pelo-Hbs1 is required for transposon silencing in the Drosophila germline
Pendulin: adaptor in the Ran-GTP nuclear transport cycle that binds a cargo protein to the nuclear import receptor Fs(2)Ket - Nanos inhibits translation of maternal; importin-α2 mRNA thus regulating the maternal-zygotic transition - regulates Piwi nuclear transport which in turn transcriptionally regulates transposons - involved in; centrosome duplication, mitotic spindle dynamics, nuclear envelope assembly, ring canal formation in the female germline, geotaxic behaviour and perception of pain
Peptidoglycan recognition protein LA: regulation of the immune deficiency pathway, non-cell-autonomous role for a JNK/PGRP-LA/Relish signaling axis in; mediating death of neighboring normal cells to facilitate tumor growth, functions in tracheae of larvae and adult gut
Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC: transmembrane receptor involved in antimicrobial response, recognizes bacterial toxins, tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), expressed in fat body and midgut
Peptidoglycan recognition protein SA: secreted immune pattern-recognition receptors upstream of the Drosophila Toll pathway - peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs); SA and LC structurally discriminate between bacterial peptidoglycans with lysine (Lys) or diaminopimelic(DAP); acid, respectively, thus inducing differential antimicrobial transcription response
Peptidylglycine-alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase: an enzyme involved in producing amidated neuropeptides - amidated secretory peptides are required for signaling; events that ensure progression through several critical developmental transitions
perdido (common alternative name: Kon-tiki): conserved multi-domain transmembrane receptor required cell autonomously for myotubes to recognize their tendon cell; targets - signals through the intracellular adaptor Grip in a conserved molecular pathway
pericardin: collagen-like extracellular matrix protein involved in heart development
pericentrin-like protein: PACT domain protein - associated with both the centrioles and pericentriolar material -; essential for the formation of functional cilia and flagella - plays an important role; together with cnn in organizing the pericentriolar material of the centrosome during interphase.
period: transcription factor - pas domain protein - regulates the diurnal photoperiod response of adult flies via a negative feedback; loop - The Cycle/Clock complex binds to the per promoter activating transcription - transcription is repressed; when Per protein interact directly with the Cycle/Clock complex - After the sun rises Per molecules degrade,; thereby releasing the repression of the Cycle/Clock complex resulting in resumption of per gene transcription
Peroxinectin-like: cyclooxygenase (Cox-like enzyme) - required for production of prostaglandins - regulation of actin cytoskeleton; during oogenesis - regulation of Fascin to control actin remodeling
persephone: trypsin-like serine protease - specific for fungal detection in a cascade activated by secreted fungal proteases and required; for the sensing of proteases elicited by bacteria in the hemolymph - acts downstream of pattern recognition receptors and upstream of Toll
Pez: an evolutionarily conserved FERM domain protein containing a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) domain - a binding partner of the upstream; Hippo signaling component Kibra - regulates midgut homeostasis
PHD finger protein 7 ortholog: chromatin component - conserved epigenetic 'reader' that activates the male germline sexual program -; binds histone H3 N-terminal tails with a preference for dimethyl lysine 4
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (common alternative name: Pten): lipid and protein phosphatase acting in insulin pathway - PTEN, a tumour suppressor, is a lipid and protein phosphatase that inhibits; phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signalling by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate
Phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase: a critical regulator of hunger-driven feeding - a rate-limiting enzyme in the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); biosynthesis pathway - Disrupting Pect activity in Drosophila fat cells causes insulin resistance, dysregulated; lipoprotein delivery to the brain, and a loss of hunger-driven feeding - mutants exhibit alterations in; phospholipid composition, defective phototransduction, and retinal degeneration
Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1: a master kinase that is crucial for the activation of AKT (PKB) and many kinases including PKC and S6K - contains pleckstrin homology (PH) domains; that interact with the PtdIns(3,4,5)P₃ second messenger - regulates cell growth - controls synaptic bouton size,; active zone number, and synaptic function - essential for neuronal differentiation
Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 59F: regulates intracellular vesicular transport of proteins at distinct membrane domains through production of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate -; interacts with Rabenosyn-5 which carries out a subset of Pi3K59 functions - promotes autophagy and endocytosis
Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 92E: an enzyme that synthesizes phosphatidylinositide lipids, which act as signals essential for growth - a target of the insulin pathway
phosphatidylserine receptor: nuclear protein that acts through the c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase pathway to alter the sensitivity to cell death
pH-sensitive chloride channel 2 (common alternative name: Hodor): a pH-modulated, zinc-gated chloride channel - regulates fluid secretion in Malpighian tubules - controls growth from a subset of enterocytes (interstitial cells) by promoting food; intake and insulin/IGF signalling - reduced food intake of hodor mutants is rescued by activation of Tor signalling in hodor-expressing cells - transport chloride out of interstitial; cells-thus maintaining osmolarity and water balance - lysosomal Hodor may transport chloride into the lysosome to sustain V-ATPase function, lysosomal acidification and TOR signalling
phyllopod: a target of EGFR signalling in the eye - protein degradation cofactor - involved in a negative cross talk between RTK and; Notch/Wg pathways - Post‐transcriptional downregulation of Notch and Wg signalling by Phyl allows fine‐tuning of the; signal and creates a delicate balance between active signalling of Notch/Wg pathways and their degradation by the lysosomal pathway
pickel: claudin required for septate junction formation and barrier function - control of secretion processes specific; to septate junction and dependent on Sec61p may involve Megatrachea interaction with Sec61 subunits, trachea
pickled eggs: Gas2-like protein functioning during oogenesis and mesodermal development -; acts downstream of Notch and restrict Notch activation to appropriate levels
pickpocket: subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) family - plays an essential role in controlling rhythmic locomotion by providing mechanosensory signal; transduction of proprioceptive sensory information
pickpocket 11 & pickpocket 16: DEG/ENaC sodium channel subunits - homeostatic modulation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release
pickpocket 23, pickpocket 25 and pickpocket 29: DEG/ENaC sodium channel subunit - required for activation of courtship behavior by chemosensory perception of female pheromones
pickpocket 28: amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel - osmosensitive ion channel that mediates response to water -; expressed in labellar gustatory chemosensory bristles
pico: signal transduction - molecular adaptor that links EGFR activation to mitogenic SRF signaling via changes in actin dynamics -; required for cell growth and proliferation
Piezo & Piezo-like: mechanically activated cation channel - stretch-activated mechanotransduction - mechanical nociceptor
Pi4KIIα: Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII) produces the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, a key regulator; of membrane trafficking - critical for apical membrane transport events required for rhabdomere biogenesis
Pigment-dispersing factor: a secreted neuropeptide that acts via a specific G-protein-coupled receptor - involved in the photoperiod response - contributes control of flight and digestion
Pigment-dispersing factor receptor: dopaminergic neurons that respond to PDFR signalling are sleep-promoting and during the day when PDF levels are high, they are inhibited, thereby; promoting wakefulness - regulates free-running rhythmicity in Drosophila circadian locomotor activity - modulators of molecular cycling in the; peripheral clocks of both the glial cells and the photoreceptors of the compound eye, regulation of night-onset temperature preference
piRNA methyltransferase: RNA methyltransferase - carries out methylation of small interfering RNAs, the final step in assembly of RISC occurring; after the Argonaute-bound siRNA duplex is converted to single-stranded RNA
pimples: novel protein required for sister chromatid separation in mitosis - shares functional similarities to securin a protein that acts to; premature activation of separins - securin inhibits separase endoprotease activity via an inhibitory pseudosubstrate region
piopio: adhesion protein - mediates the adhesion of apical epithelial cell surfaces and the overlying apical extracellular matrix - interacts; and cooperates with the ZP protein Dumpy at tracheal cells - undergoes ectodomain shedding by Notopleural - Dusky-like< controls the; arrangement of two zona pellucida domain proteins Dumpy and Piopio, external to the developing corneal lens. Loss of either; dusky-like or dumpy delays chitin accumulation and disrupts the outer surface of the corneal lens
pipe: heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase - functions in follicle cells to set up the spatially restricted signal responsible; for activating the spatially delimited protease cascade triggering Toll and the establishment; of dorsal/ventral polarity during early development.
pipsqueak: BTB domain & Psq motif transcription factor that targets a Polycomb group protein complex to Polycomb response elements - epigenetic; silencers Lola and Pipsqueak collaborate with Notch to promote malignant tumours by Rb silencing
pita (alternative name: spotted dick): zinc finger transcription factor that serves as an activator of expression of a set of genes required for initiation of DNA replication
pitchoune: DEAD-box RNA helicase - a target of myc suggesting that myc might cell proliferation by activating genes that are required in protein biosynthesis
piwi: a novel protein involved in stem cell renewal and asymmetric cell division - piRNA-guided slicing of transposon transcripts enforces; their transcriptional silencing via specifying the nuclear piRNA repertoire - maintains germline stem cells and oogenesis in Drosophila through; negative regulation of Polycomb group proteins Piwi modulates chromatin accessibility by regulating multiple factors including Histone H1 to repress transposons
pleiohomeotic: zinc finger - Polycomb group - the first Polycomb group member to be identified as a DNA binding protein -; targets Polycomb response elements involved in gene silencing
plexin A: semaphorin domain protein, semaphorin receptor - involved in axon guidance - Semaphorin 2a secreted; by oenocytes signals through plexin B and plexin A to guide sensory axons in the Drosophila embryo
plexin B: semaphorin domain protein, receptor for the secreted semaphorin Sema-2a -; regulates axon extension from the sensory neuron cell body in regions of direct contact with oenocytes
PNGase-like: enzyme - deglycosylates the denatured form of N-linked glycoproteins in the cytoplasm and assists their proteasome-mediated; degradation - leaves the beta-aspartyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycan and the amide side chain of Asn, converting; Asn to Asp - coordinated regulation between O-GlcNAcylation and PNG1 is critical to balancing proliferation and apoptosis to; maintain gut homeostasis - loss of Pngl results in a severe decrease in the level of Dpp homodimers and abolishes; BMP autoregulation in the visceral mesoderm mediated by Dpp and Tkv homodimers - loss of NGLY1 in the; visceral muscle of the Drosophila larval intestine results in a severe reduction in the level of AMPKalpha, leading; to energy metabolism defects, impaired gut peristalsis, failure to empty the gut, and animal lethality.
pod-1: WD repeat protein - crosslinks actin and microtubules - proper levels of Pod-1 must be maintained in the growth cone for correct axon guidance
poils au dos: zinc finger transcription factor - repressor of achaete and scute during bristle development
pointed: transcription factor - ets family - a target of Egf signaling - required for the differentiation of glial cells in the ventral nerve cord -; required downstream of Ras in the development of the eye prevents both premature; differentiation and dedifferentiation of Drosophila intermediate neural progenitors
pokkuri (preferred name: anterior open, common alternative name: yan): ets domain transcription factor - target of Ras pathway that serves to inhibit neural and other types; of differentiation - crucial to the development of the nervous system, heart, trachea and eye
Maf1
pollux: novel cell surface receptor, leucine zipper protein - GTPase activator activity - signaling protein with a potential involvement in exocytosis - involved in tracheal development
polo: protein kinase - regulates mitosis - participates in the control of mitotic progression by targeting Cdc25/String - centrosome-specific phosphorylation of; Cnn by Polo/Plk1 drives Cnn scaffold assembly and centrosome maturation - Cdk1 phosphorylates; Sas-4 to recruit Polo to daughter centrioles and convert them to centrosomes
poly(A) polymerase (preferred name: hiiragi): involved in both nuclear and cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNA - controls the formation of the wing margin
Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase: enzyme that attaches ADP-ribose moiety to histone - promotes chromatin silencing by regulating the localization and function of SIR2
polyA-binding protein: RNA-binding protein involved in translational regulation and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay - interactions; of GW182 proteins with PABP and deadenylases are required for both translational repression and degradation of miRNA targets
polybromo: chromatin component - a subunit of Polybromo-associated Brahma complex (PBAP) - involved in chromatin remodeling together with Brahma; complex - regulates gene transcription through DNA binding, which is dependent or independent of the PBAP complex.
polychaetoid: scaffolding protein, PDZ domain protein, MAGUK - involved in sensory organ development - mutations have a neurogenic; effect - suppresses Deltex-regulated Notch activity to modulate germline stem cell niche formation
Polycomb: transcription factor - chromo domain - Polycomb group - chromatin associated protein - involved in gene silencing chromatin binding protein that interacts; with histone H3K27me3 - Pc target genes are predominantly transcription factors or receptors that control cell fate and most developmental decisions
Polycomblike: a member of a distinct chromatin complex - functions downstream of Pleiohomeotic in the assembly of a repressive complex; that generates high levels of H3-K27 trimethylation in Polycomb target genes
polyhomeotic proximal & distal: transcription factor - zinc finger - Polycomb group - maintain the repression of hedgehog in the anterior cells abutting; the anterior-posterior boundary of the developing wing
Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4 (common alternative name: Pgant4): O-glycosyltransferase - initiates the formation of mucin-type O-linked glycans - regulates secretion of components of the peritrophic/mucous membrane in the larval digestive; tract - mutation can be rescued by expression of conserved cargo receptor Tango1 and partially rescued by supplementation with exogenous mucins or treatment with; antibiotics - mutants exhibit disruption of the mucosal barrier, resulting in epithelial expression of the IL-6-like cytokine Upd3, leading to; activation of JAK/STAT signaling, differentiation of cells that form the progenitor cell niche and abnormal proliferation of progenitor cells
poly-U-binding splicing factor (preferred name half pint): RNA recognition motif protein - functions in both constitutive and alternative splicing - required during oogenesis - a single stranded nucleic; acid binding protein - functions in Myc transcriptional repression and cell growth control, via interaction with the transcription factor Haywire.
porcupine: O-acyltransferase activity - mediates lipidation of Wingless, which targets Wingless to secretory vesicles that deliver the ligand; to specialized microdomains at the cell surface where it can be packaged for secretion
porin: main pore-forming protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane - multi-functional channel protein that shuttles; metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions
Posterior sexcombs: transcription factor - zn finger-ring motif-Polycomb group - Psc is a component of Suppressor of zeste 2 complex - recruits functional; PcG-silencing complexes - regulates gene expression by modifying epigenetic marks
pou domain motif 3: Pou domain transcription factor required for odor response in a class of olfactory receptor neurons - acts; in odor receptor gene expression and axon targeting of olfactory neurons
POU domain protein 1 (preferred name: Nubbin): transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - involved in cell fate determination of a subset of temporally determined neural subtypes - morphology of; sensory neurons is diversified through a series of suppressive transcriptional interactions involving Nubbin and Pdm2,; Cut and transcription factors Scalloped and Vestigial - Nubbin and Teashirt mark barriers to clonal growth along the proximal-distal axis of the wing
POU domain protein 2 (pdm-2): transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - along with pdm-1 involved in cell fate determination of a; subset of temporally determined neural subtypes - morphology of sensory neurons is diversified through; a series of suppressive transcriptional interactions involving Pdm1 (Nubbin) and Pdm2, the homeodomain transcription; factor Cut, and the transcriptional regulators Scalloped and Vestigial
Pox meso: Pax family transcription factor - demarcates the 'Poxm competence domain', a domain of competence for ventral and lateral muscle development; and for the determination of at least some adult muscle precursor cells
Prefoldin 2: a subunit of abmolecular chaperone complex - regulates tubulin function in mitosis -; regulates neuroblast polarity in larval brains
preli-like: conserved transmembrane mitochondrial protein that regulates mitochondrial activity - important for growth and integrity of dendritic branches
Pre-mRNA cleavage complex 2 protein Pcf11: forms a bridge between the RNA polymerase C-terminal domain and RNA- dismantles elongation; complexes by a C-terminal domain-dependent but nucleotide-independent mechanism
pre-mRNA processing factor 40: splice factor - regulates histone mRNA expression by modulating transcription - constituent of histone locus body, a chromatin-associated; nuclear body that associates with replication-dependent histone gene clusters - regulates alternative splicing of Neurexin IV
Presenilin: transmembrane protein involved in proteolysis of Notch - also processes βAPP - Presenilin and Nicastrin; are essential components of γ-secretase, a multi-subunit protease that cleaves Type I transmembrane proteins
pretaporter: transmembrane protein - a ligand for the engulfment receptor Draper. It resides in the endoplasmic reticulum. During apoptosis it is; exposed at the cell surface where it binds the product of Drpr to induce phagocytosis - RNA-binding protein FMRP binds pretaporter (Prtp); and amyloid precursor protein-like (APPL) signals directing this glial clearance - transmembrane protein trafficked from the; endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cell surface of a neuron thus marked for removal, where it binds the Drpr engulfment receptor on glia
prickle: LIM domain protein - a tissue polarity protein - in the Dachsous-Fat system, Dachsous and Dachs,; each independently interacts with the Spiny-legs isoform of Prickle and direct Spiny-legs localization in vivo
proboscipedia: transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - required for the formation of labial and; maxillary palps - represses leg development in proboscis; there is a non-cell autonomous requirement of Proboscipedia for growth and differentiation of the distal maxillary palp during metamorphosis
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen: Polymerase-delta/epsilon processivity factor - a sliding clamp that encircles DNA and tethers the DNA polymerase catalytic unit; to the DNA template - Enok acetyltransferase complex interacts with Elg1 and negatively regulates PCNA unloading to promote the G1/S transition
prominin (common alternative name: eyes closed): a fly homolog of p47, a protein co-factor of the p97 ATPase involved in membrane fusion - mutation results in a lethal failure; of nuclear envelope assembly in early zygotic divisions and results in defective photoreceptor morphogenesis - evolutionary conserved five transmembrane protein
prospero: transcription factor - novel homeodomain - represses neuroblast cell fate and cell cycle proliferation; genes - initiates development of gangleon mother cell fate - asymmetrically localized to the basal cortex during neuroblast asymmetric; cell division, resulting in its partioning into GMC daughter cells, where it translocates into the nucleus
Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 1 (common alternative name: cAMP-dependent protein kinase 1): catalytic subunit of PKA - involved in Hedgehog signaling pathway and functions in learning in the adult - contributes; to axis specification, rhythmic behavior and synaptic transmission
Protein Kinase C: serine/threonine kinase, diacylglycerol binding protein - flies expressing a PKC pseudosubstrate show an alteration in performance in courtship conditioning;; they fail to show immediate suppression of courtship, a trait exhibited by normal flies; IKK inhibits PKC to promote Fascin-dependent actin bundling
atypical protein kinase C: kinase regulating asymmetric cell division - member of the conserved Par complex (aPKC/baz/par-6) that is asymmetrically localized to the; apical cortex, where it phosphorylates and thus excludes the basal determinants Mira and Numb - involved in neuroblast proliferation and self-renewal.
Protein 1 of cleavage and polyadenylation factor 1: RNA binding motif protein - dismantles elongation complexes by a RNA Polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) dependent mechanism; - forms a bridge between the CTD and RNA
Protein phosphatase 2A at 85F (preferred name: twins): B subunit of PP2A - four independent defects have been associated with mutant PP2A; defective mitosis, defective cell fate determination in the PNS,; alteration of patterning in the wing, and interferance in Ras pathway function in eye morphogenesis
Protein phosphatase 2B at 14D (alternative name: Calcineurin): Calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase - negatively regulates Egf receptor signaling - calcineurin isoforms are; involved in Drosophila toll immune signaling correcting calcineurin and GSK-3β signaling can prevent amyloid precursor protein-induced pathologies
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4E: broadly expressed type III receptor tyrosine phosphatase closely related to Ptp10D - shows synthetic phenotypes with other Pdps - Ptp4E single; mutants have no known phenotypes. However, Ptp4E-Ptp10D double mutants have; lethal respiratory defects - Ptp4E regulates signaling through the Egfr, Btl and Pvr receptor tyrosine kinases
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 10D: receptor tyrosine phosphatase - required for embryonic and larval axon guidance - along with Ptp69D regulates segregation; of the young axons into a single core bundle in the larval mushroom body - mutants are defective in long-term memory formation - Ptp10D-Ptp69D double; mutants have a strong phenotype in which embryonic CNS axons abnormally cross the ventral midline
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 52F: transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase - regulates destruction of larval midgut,; larva-pupa transition, metamorphosis and axon guidance - regulates Tartan signaling in embryonic SNa motor neurons
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 69D: receptor tyrosine phosphatase involved in axon guidance - Ptp10D-Ptp69D; double mutants have a strong phenotype in which embryonic CNS axons abnormally cross the ventral midline - Ptp69D physically; and genetically interacts with Dscam1 to regulate arborization of mechanosensory neurons
Protein tyrosine phosphatase Meg: protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in neuronal circuit formation the central brain - regulates establishment; and the stabilization of axonal projection patterns interacts with Eps-15 - negatively regulates border cell; migration during oogenesis - inhibits the EGFR/Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway during wing morphogenesis
Prothoracicotropic hormone: neuropeptide that regulates ecdysone production that in turn developmental timing cue involved in promoting larval development and eclosion - signals; through Torso/RAS/Erk pathway - modulates larval light avoidance independently of ecdysone
PR/SET domain containing protein 7: Set domain protein - methyltransferase that targets Histone H4 - helps maintain silent chromatin by a histone modification
that precludes neighboring acetylation of the H4 tail
PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (commonly known as Pink1): promotes mitochondrial fragmentation by targeting core components of the mitochondrial morphogenesis; machinery for ubiquitination - negatively regulates mitochondrial fusion - a fruitfly model for Parkinson's disease
P32: multifunctional signaling protein involved in neurotransmitter release, a mitochondrial protein and a chromatin protein; functioning as a protamine chaperone in nucleosome assembly during sperm chromatin remodeling
Ptx1: paired-like homeobox transcription factor -defines enteroendocrine cells (EEs) in the intestinal epithelium - functions in the midgut in global and; regional interstitial stem cell regulation - regulates development of early mesoderm< - differentiates posterior from anterior lateral mesoderm
puckered: dual specificity phosphatase KH-1 subfamily JNK specific phosphatase - mediates; a feedback loop that regulates the Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway - functions in dorsal closure
puffyeye: a ubiquitin-specific protease that regulates Myc levels and function - regulates both the ubiquitin ligase Archipelago and its cell cycle substrate Cyclin E
pumilio: novel posterior group gene - posttranscriptional repressor - binds and regulates Hunchback mRNA - Nanos; acts as a molecular clamp that modulates the RNA-binding and repression activities of Pumilio
pumpless: glycine cleavage system H protein - involved in appetite control
punt: receptor for Dpp - type II TGFß receptor - functions in both Dpp/BMP and Activin signaling - punt mutants lack Ultrabithorax and dpp expression; in the visceral mesoderm and fail to induce labial in the adjacent endodermal cells - pathway specificity; in signaling output is determined by which type I receptor (Dpp/BMP or Activin one) is engaged in the complex with Put
Putative Achaete Scute Target 1: EF-Hand 1, calcium-binding site - Dynamin superfamily - P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase - plasma membrane protein that genetically interacts with Notch - contributes; to endocytosis and differentiation of photoreceptors R1/R6/R7 and cone cells - required for assembly of the subsynaptic muscle membrane reticulum at the neuromuscular junction
putzig: zinc finger transcription factor that acts as key regulator of cell proliferation and as a positive of Notch target genes -; physically interacts with DREF and TRF2 to activate replication-related genes
PvuII-PstI homology 13: homeodomain transcription expressed in the developing eye - required for rhabdomere morphogenesis and proper detection of light
pygopus: nuclear PHD-finger protein - a core component of the Wingless signaling pathway that acts downstream of or at; the level of Pangolin - a complex of Armadillo, Legless, and Pygopus coactivates dTCF to activate Wingless target genes
pyramus and thisbe: FGF-8 related involved in mesodermal development - ligands for Heartless - promote pathfinding, substrate adhesion, and survival of migrating longitudinal gut muscle founder cells

Q
quick-to-court: an alpha-helical coiled-coiled protein - mutants exhibit altered male courtship behavior
quiver (common alternative name: sleepless): an Ly-6/Neurotoxin family member - a novel potassium channel subunit that regulates levels, localization, and activity of Shaker - regulates sleep

R
Rab1: controls membrane trafficking and contractile ring constriction during cytokinesis - regulates ER-to-Golgi transport - essential; for dendrite pruning of ddaC neurons - promotes endocytosis and downregulation of the cell-adhesion molecule; Neuroglian and thereby dendrite pruning - controls material delivery from Golgi to the plasma membrane
Rab2: Rab family GTPase - autophagic clearance - endocytic lysosomal degradation - regulation of neuromuscular junction organization through the Rab2 effector ICA69
Rab7: a small GTPase that acts downstream of Rab 5 to facilitates endosome maturation and fusion with lysosomes -; required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion - regulates synaptic development
Rab23: Ras-like ATPase, vesicular protein, regulates planar cellular polarity, cuticular hair, contributes to inhibition; of hair formation at positions outside of the distal vertex of cells
Rab35: tissue polarity, an essential component of the contractile process that functions as a membrane ratchet to ensure unidirectional movement of intercalating; cells - gastrulation - mesoderm invagination - Whacked and Rab35 polarize dynein-motor-complex-dependent seamless tube growth; during tracheal development - Skywalker facilitates endosomal trafficking of synaptic vesicles at NMJ boutons by controlling Rab35 activity
Rabenosyn-5: required for endocytosis - a Rab5 effector that bridges an interaction between Rab5 and the Sec1/Munc18-family protein Vps45 -; required for vesicle fusion to form early endosomes
Rab3 interacting molecule: evolutionarily conserved scaffolding protein - located at presynaptic active zones - presynaptic; homeostasis - plays a critical role for the active zone cytomatrix as a substrate for synaptic plasticity
Rab-protein 3: Rab family GTPase necessary for the induction and expression of synaptic homeostasis - dynamically controls; the composition of the presynaptic release machinery
Rab-protein 4: Rab family GTPase endosomal recycling at synapses - maintains gap junctions upon elevated insulin in cultured human cells and in flies - wingless signaling - Pkaap regulates; Rab4/Rab11-dependent traffic and Rab11 exocytosis of innate immune cargo - epithelial morphogenesis of leg discs
Rab-protein 5: Rab family GTPase - required for fusion of endocytic vesicles with endosomes - required for endocytosis of vesicles at the synapse -; required for tracheal maturation - regulates JAK/STAT activity, functions in endosomal transport to promotes wingless signaling -; promotes F-actin reorganization in oogenesis
Rab-protein 6: small GTPase required for membrane trafficking - required for organization and growth of the egg chamber and the polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton and; localization of oskar mRNA - involved in trafficking Notch protein during bristle development and rhodopsin the the eye
Rab-protein 11: Rab family GTPase - required in endocytic recycling and in the organization of posterior membrane compartments during oogenesis -; functions in membrane trafficking during furrow formation during cellularization -; functions in post-Golgi transport of rhodopsin to the rhabdomeric membranes of photoreceptors, and in analogous transport processes in other cells
Rac1: GTPase of the Ras superfamily - regulates cytoskeletal dynamics - controls epithelial tube length through the apical secretion; and polarity pathways - Drk/Dos/Sos converge with Crk/Mbc/dCed-12 to activate Rac1 during glial engulfment of; axonal debris - Rac1 acts downstream of integrin to control collective migration and lumen size in the Drosophila salivary gland
RacGAP50C (preferred name: Tumbleweed): cytoskeletal regulator required for cytokinesis - connects the contractile ring to cortical microtubules at the site of furrowing in dividing cells -; negatively regulates the wingless pathway during Drosophila embryonic development - required for neuroblast proliferation and limits axon growth
Rad21 (preferred name: verthandi): constituent of the cohesin complex, functions in chromosome cohesion, spindle morphology, dynamics of a chromosome passenger protein,; and stability of the cohesin complex
Rad51-like (Preferred name: Spindle A): checkpoint protein essential for recombinational repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) in somatic cells and during; meiosis in germ cells - forms a filament on single-stranded DNA, does a homology search of double-stranded DNA, and; catalyzes strand exchange, swapping the single-strand DNA in and displacing the partner of the complementary strand.
Rad, Gem/Kir family member 1: small GTPase - intermediate-term memory generated after single cycle conditioning is divided into anesthesia-sensitive; memory and anesthesia-resistant memory - expressed in the mushroom body - physically interacts with cacaphony
radish: rapidly evolving gene encoding a protein that contains multiple phosphorylation sites - required for anaesthesia resistent memory - can influence memory; performance from minutes to hours after training - the Radish memory component does not scale with the stability of a memory trace
Raf oncogene: serine/threonine-protein kinase - an effector of Ras - directs the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway to regulate cell; proliferation, differentiation and survival downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases such as Torso, Epidermal growth factor receptor, and Sevenless.
Ral (preferred name: Ras-related protein): Ras-like GTPase - counters apoptotic programs to support cell fate determination by acting as a negative regulator of JNK activity; and a positive activator of p38 MAP kinase
Ran: Ran GTPase activity required nucleo-cytoplasmic transport - also required for microtubule organization during mitosis; and for alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate
rapamycin-insensitive companion of Tor (common alternative name: rictor): component of TORC2 complex - regulation of cell growth, heat stress response, synaptic growth, dendritic tiling and consolidation of long-term memory
Rap1 GTPase (common alternative names: Roughened and Dras3): Ras-like GTPase - establishes of cell polarity by regulation of columnar cell shape - controls epithelial invagination via α-Catenin -; regulates cell morphology within the developing wing epithelium - regulates radial movement of mesodermal cells during; monolayer formation - regulates adhesive contacts necessary for maintenance of Egfr signaling between cells and differentiation of wing veins and photoreceptors
raptor: component of the TORC1 complex that includes Tor and LST8 - Hdc and Unk bind to the TORC1 component Raptor and preferentially regulate Tor; phosphorylation of S6k in a TORC1-dependent manner - regulates controls cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism
Ras oncogene at 85D (common alternative name: Ras1): ras homolog - establishes follicular cell fate during oogenesis, functions in Torso signal transduction, functions downstream EGF-R in the establishment; of ventral ectoderm fate, functions downstream of Breathless in tracheal and midline glia migration, functions downstream of FGF receptor; in muscle precursors and in the central nervous system, functions downstream of the EGF-R and Sevenless in differentiation in photoreceptors
rasputin: component of stress granules - interacts with several protein partners under both stress and non-stress conditions including Caprin, FMR1 and; Lingerer - Sec16, a component of the endoplasmic reticulum exit site, is a Rasputin interactor and stabilizer - a positive regulator; of orb in oogenesis - FMR1, Rasputin and Caprin act together with the UBA protein Lingerer to restrict tissue growth
Ras-related GTP binding A/B and Ras-related GTP binding C/D: RagA-B forms a heterodimer with the product of RagC-D. The heterodimer localizes on the lysosome surface and functions to relay amino acid; signals to activate the product of Tor by recruiting it to the lysosome were TOR is activated by Rheb - regulation of cell growth - insulin pathway
Ras-related protein: Ras-like GTPase - counters apoptotic programs to support cell fate determination by acting as a negative regulator of JNK activity; and a positive activator of p38 MAP kinase
rasp (common alternative names: Sightless and Skinny hedgehog): acetyltransferase - adds an essential N-terminal palmitate modifications to the secreted signaling domains of Hedgehog and Spitz - Spi; modification appears to increase the local concentration of the ligand by restricting its diffusion
raw: a novel gene product required to limit AP-1 activity to leading edge epidermal cells during embryonic dorsal closure
Rbfox (preferred name: Ataxin-2 binding protein 1): RNA-binding protein - homolog of an autism-susceptibility gene - targets pumilio mRNA for destabilization; and translational silencing, thereby promoting germ cell development, oogenesis
reaper: pro-apoptotic Reaper, Hid, Grim (RHG) protein - contributes to the caspase dependent apoptosis by inhibiting the; anti-apoptotic Death-associated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (Diap1) protein
Regulator of cyclin A1: a novel signaling protein that prevents cyclin degredation in G2 by interacting with Fizzy-related - inhibits Fizzy-related's activation of; protein degradation machinery - mutants exhibit premature cyclin destruction
recombination-defective: mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) family protein - facilitates repair synthesis during meiotic recombination
refractory to sigma P: adaptor protein for delivering cargo marked by polyubiquitin to autophagosomes - homolog of the sequestosome marker SQSTM1/p62 - together; with Dachs, continuously downregulated by autophagy in enterocytes, ensuring gut homeostasis in the non-infected state - a component of the; lysosomal-autophagic compartment - a chaperone that regulates tau solubility thereby preventing tau aggregation
Relish: Ankyrin-repeat and NFkappaB domain protein - a key factor in the induction of the humoral immune response in; Drosophila, including antibacterial as well as antifungal factors - Relish acts in the IMD pathway
Repressed by TOR (common alternative name: REPTOR): Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain transcription factor - together with its binding partner encoded by REPTOR-BP, mediates much of the transcriptional response; observed upon Tor complex 1 inhibition - plays critical roles in maintaining energy homeostasis and promoting animal survival upon nutrient restriction
Reptin: member of AAA+ family of ATPases - DNA helicase - participates in epigenetic processes; leading to a repressive chromatin state as part of the TIP60 HAT complex
Resistant to dieldrin: GABA-A receptor that negatively modulates olfactory associative learning, possibly by gating the input of olfactory information; into the mushroom bodies - regulates the length of time required to fall asleep
Resistance to Juvenile Hormone (common alternative name Methoprene-tolerant): bHLH-Pas domain transcription factor - involved in juvenile hormone (JH) action as; a likely component of a JH receptor
Reticulon-like1: a reticulon family member, with intramembrane hairpin domains that insert into the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); thereby curving it and promoting ER tubule formation - enriched on tubular ER, including axons and egg chamber fusomes - high level; leads to ER fragmentation - microtubule cytoskeleton is involved in Rtnl1 localization to spindles during mitosis
Ret oncogene: regulates dendrite patterning, adhesion and stability - rescues mitochondrial morphology and muscle degeneration of Pink1 mutants
retina aberrant in pattern (common alternative names: retained, dead ringer): transcription factor - ARID domain protein - required for proper patterning of the abdomen - necessary; for neuronal pathfinding, female receptivity and repression of fruitless independent male courtship behaviors.
Retinal Homeobox: homeodomain transcription factor - required for regulation of genes involved in brain morphogenesis -; promotes cell growth, proliferation and survival of mushroom body neuroblasts in the brain
Retinoblastoma-family protein: cell cycle regulator - interacts with and negatively regulates members of a family of factors called E2Fs, which serve to activate transcription of genes; required for entry into S phase - forms the DREAM complex, which regulates cell cycle regulators, apoptosis regulators, and DNA replication/repair; factors - binds chromosomal proteins and modulates genome stability - negatively regulated by CycE-Cdk2 and CycD-Cdk4 cyclin-dependent kinase complexes
Retinoblastoma-family protein 2: cell cycle and developmental regulator - functions in concert with E2F2 to repress the expression of differentiation markers; in ovaries and embryos where RBF2 is highly expressed
Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein (preferred name: apolipophorin): Lipophorin - bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog - lipophorin; receptors recruit the lipoprotein Lipid Transfer Particle (LTP) to the plasma membrane to mediate lipid uptake
reversed polarity: transcription factor - homeodomain - required for aspects of glial differentiation - a direct target of the pan-glial fate determinant gcm
Rfx: transcription factor - RFX DNA-binding domain - essential regulator of ciliated sensory neuron differentiation - Forkhead transcription; factor Fd3F cooperates with Rfx to regulate a gene expression program for mechanosensory cilia specialization.
rhea (alternative name: Talin): essential for integrin function - crosslinks extracellular matrix-linked integrins to the cytoskeleton - represses; E-cadherin Shotgun transcription in follicle cells independently of integrins
Rheb: Ras superfamily of G-proteins - functions downstream of the tumor suppressors Tsc1 and Tsc2 (Gigas in Drosophila), with Tsc2 functioning as a GAP for Rheb -; signals to the growth regulator known as Target of rapamycin (TOR)
rhino: HP1 homolog - required for nuage organization, transposon silencing, and ping-pong amplification of Piwi-interacting RNAs
Rho GTPase activating protein at 19D: the only high-probability Cdc42GAP required for polarity in the follicular epithelium - recruited by α-catenin to lateral; E-cadherin adhesion complexes, resulting in exclusion of active Cdc42 from the lateral domain - couples lateral cadherin adhesion to; the apical localization of active Cdc42, thereby suppressing epithelial invasion - controls Rac and Rho GTPases during the; dorsal closure and genetically regulates the elmo-mbc complex - RhoGAP19D-depleted embryos displayed complex epidermal cell phenotypes; (a fragmented actomyosin cable, bimodal leading-edge tensions, transient Rac and lamellipodia states, and cadherin height defects)
Rho1: rho-subfamily GTPase - a molecular switch and functions as key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton in concert with DRhoGEF2, Rho1 mediates specific; cell shape changes during gastrulation in response to the extracellular ligand, Folded gastrulation - plays a central role; in actin cytoskeleton organization, microtubule dynamics, mophogenesis, border cell migration, cytokinesis, and wound repair
rho-associated kinase: Rho-kinase - plays a role in planar cell polarity - required for tissue morphogenesis in diverse compartments of the egg chamber during; oogenesis - directs Bazooka/Par-3 planar polarity during Drosophila axis elongation
RhoGAP: part of an axon retraction pathway from Rho to myosin in mature neurons - inactivation of RhoGAP leads to axon retraction
RhoGEF2: induces contractile cell shape changes by stimulating myosin II via the Rho1 pathway - location; at the actin cortex regulated by interaction with the microtubule plus-end tracking protein EB1
Rho GTPase activating protein at 100F (common alternative name: Syd-1): master organizer of active zone assembly, regulates pre- and postsynaptic maturation, neuromuscular junction
rhomboid: serine protease - transmembrane protein involved with Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling - required for the production or processing of Spitz, the Egfr ligand
rhomboid-2 (also known as stem cell tumor): Rhomboid-related transmembrane protein - serine-type protease - activates the oocyte-specific Gurken ligand and; thereby participate in defining posterior cell fates in the early follicular epithelium
rhomboid-7: transmembrane mitochondrial protease required for spermatogenesis and muscle maturation
rho-type guanine exchange factor: RhoGEF - homolog of mammalian Pix - regulates postsynaptic structure and protein localization at the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction
ribbon: BTB/POZ domain transcription factor - a regulator of epithelial morphogenesis that promotes cell migration - regulates; morphogenesis of the embryonic salivary gland through transcriptional activation and repression
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase: signaling - regulates growth response - targets ribosomal protein S6 - a target of the TOR pathway - essential for Myc-dependent rDNA transcription
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase II (common alternative name: dRSK): negatively regulates ERK-mediated developmental processes and gene expressions by blocking the nuclear localization; of ERK - functions as a downstream effector and regulator of the MAP kinase pathway - involved in MAP kinase regulated; developmental processes, organization of the neuromuscular junction and adult behavior including circadian rhythm and learning.
ric8a: guanine nucleotide-exchange factor - regulates Gαi cortical localization to promote Gαi-dependent planar orientation of the mitotic spindle; during asymmetric cell division - regulates cortical tension during gastrulation -; essential for plasma-membrane localization of heterotrimeric G proteins
rickets: G-protein coupled receptor expressed in the CNS and muscle - required for wing expansion, cuticle hardening and melanization
rictor (preferred name: rapamycin-insensitive companion of Tor): component of TORC2 complex - regulation of cell growth, heat stress response, synaptic growth, dendritic tiling and consolidation of long-term memory
RIM-binding protein: presynaptic scaffolding protein - neuromuscular junction - essential for the integrity of the synaptic active zone scaffold and for exocytotic neurotransmitter release
ringmaker: PNS, maintains microtubule stability/dynamics with the microtubule-associated protein Futsch - splice factor Rtca suppresses Xbp1; via nonconventional mRNA splicing, which in turn reduces ringer expression to inhibit axon; regeneration - lies downstream from and is negatively regulated by the microtubule-associated deacetylase HDAC6
ripped pocket amiloride-sensitive sodium channel - reduces depolarization and Hh signal transduction in the wing disc - ovaries - blocking: Ripped pocket leads to defects in force generation during dorsal closure via failure of actomyosin structures - functions; in the PNS to regulate behavioral responses to touch and in the formation of the actin-rich sensory filopodia
Rm62: DEAD box helicase - involved in generation of precursor-miRNA, double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing, heterochromatin formation,; resilencing of active transcription, maintenance of homeotic genes and antiviral immunity
RNA on the X-1: X chomosome associated RNA - chromatin associated non-translated RNA involved in dosage compensation - ectopically; expressed roX1 and roX2 RNAs target high-affinity sites on the X chromosome in trans and, via spatial proximity, induce spreading of the MSL; complex in cis, leading to increased expression of neighboring autosomal genes - The MSL complex regulates nucleosome positioning at; high-affinity sites, therefore acting locally rather than influencing the overall chromosomal architecture.
RNA on the X 2: non-coding RNA - dosage compensation - activation of male specific lethal proteins - Upstream of N-Ras is a conserved; RNA-binding protein that promotes the targeting of the activating male-specific-lethal complex to the X-chromosome; by facilitating the interaction of two crucial subunits: the RNA helicase MLE and the long non-coding RNA roX2.
RNA polymerase II 215kD subunit: large subunit of the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template - context-dependent; conformational switches and biased dephosphorylation suggest a mechanism for the selective recruitment of; cis-proline-specific regulatory factors and region-specific modulation of the C-terminal domain code that may augment gene regulation
RNA polymerase II elongation factor (TfIIS): critical for efficient release of stalled RNA Pol II from intrinsic stop sites in promoter regions -; promotes transcriptional elongation and decreases pausing
RNA polymerase III: conserved enzyme complex synthesizing transfer RNAs and other short, non-coding RNAs - inhibition extends lifespan; and reduces gut pathology - the pro-longevity effect of trametinib in ISCs is partially mediated by Maf1,; a repressor of Pol III - Nutrient/TOR-dependent regulation of RNA polymerase II controls tissue and organismal growth
roadkill: a member of a conserved family of proteins that serve as substrate adaptors for Cullin3-mediated ubiquitylation -; regulates Cubitus interruptus levels by targeting it for degradation
robo2 (preferred name: leak): transmembrane receptor - regulates heart cell and tracheal branch migration and axon guidance -; acts in trans to inhibit Slit-Robo1 repulsion in pre-crossing commissural axons
rogdi: leucine zipper factor - sleep-promoting factor - supports a subset of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission - GABAergic control of dopaminergic signaling
rolled (common alternative name: MAP kinase or ERKA): Component of Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway - involved in establishment of the dorsoventral polarity of the egg shell and the embryo -; acts in specification of terminal structures immediately after fertilization - Gain-of-function mutants produce extra R7 photoreceptors and extra wing veins
rolling pebbles: RING-finger motif, ankyrin repeat and TR repeat protein - a signaling protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of Dumbfounded and with Myoblast city -; functions to integrate initial myoblast fusion with myotube structural organization
Rootletin: structural component of base of cilia - organizes rootlets at the base of primary cilia in sensory neurons - essential for; sensory neuron functions, including negative geotaxis, taste, touch response, and hearing - rootlet assembly requires centrioles
Ror: Ror proteins are ROR proteins are a class of Wnt-binding receptor tyrosine kinases - expressed during neural differentiation -; promotes dendrite regeneration as part of a Wnt signaling pathway that regulates dendritic microtubule nucleation
rotund: transcription factor - Kruppel zinc finger family member - required for proper imaginal disc development - functions; as an olfactory neuron specification factor required for diversification of multiple developmental lineages - rotund; mutants are defective for multiple distal structures in the adult, including smaller legs, wings and eyes
rough: transcription factor - homeodomain - plays a critical role in restriction of the number of photoreceptor precursors in the; specification of R8 photoreceptors - a bistable loop between senseless and rough locks in R8 fate
Roughened (preferred name: Rap1 GTPase): Ras-like GTPase - establishes of cell polarity by regulation of columnar cell shape - controls epithelial invagination via α-Catenin -; regulates cell morphology within the developing wing epithelium - regulates radial movement of mesodermal cells during; monolayer formation - regulates adhesive contacts necessary for maintenance of Egfr signaling between cells and differentiation of wing veins and photoreceptors
roughest: Ig-C2-type-domain protein - transmembrane - required in at least three independent events in eye development and axon guidance - The adhesion; molecules Roughest, Hibris, Kin of Irre and Sticks and Stones are required for long range spacing of the Drosophila wing disc sensory sensilla
roughex: novel regulator of cell cycle - a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that specifically inhibits Cdk1-CycA - required to inhibit Cdk1-CycA kinase activity; during metaphase, thereby facilitating the transition to anaphase
roughoid: intra-membrane serine protease localized in the endoplasmic reticulum - Rhomboid and Roughoid/Rhomboid-3 act; together on an unknown Egf to control cell recruitment through the Epidermal growth factor receptor most notably the eye
roundabout: Ig and Fn repeats protein - a repulsive guidance receptor on growth cones that binds to Slit - Slit binding via the Ig1; domain is essential for midline repulsion by Drosophila Robo1 but dispensable for receptor expression, localization, and regulation

roundabout 2 (common alternative name: leak): transmembrane receptor that regulates axon guidance and heart cell and tracheal branch migration
Rpd3 (accepted Flybase name: Histone deacetylase 1): histone deacetylase functioning in gene silencing - interacts with Groucho - required for starvation stress; resistance - interacts with insulin signaling in Drosophila longevity extension
RPS6-p70-protein kinase (common alternative name: S6k): signaling - regulates growth response - targets ribosomal protein S6 - a target of the TOR pathway - S6 kinase is essential for; MYC-dependent rDNA transcription - Insulin and TOR signal in parallel through FOXO and S6K to promote epithelial wound healing
Rtf1: functions as part of a protein complex in the monoubiquitination of histone H2B and the consequent methylation of; histone H3 - functions in Notch signaling - a transcription elongation factor that acts downstream; of Ubc6 and Bre1 in regulating the histone modification activity of the Set1/COMPASS complex
r2d2: double-stranded RNA-binding protein - bridges the initiation and effector steps of the Drosophila RNAi pathway; by facilitating siRNA passage from Dicer, which carrys out the initiation step, to RISC, which carrys out the effector step
rugose: protein kinase A anchor protein - required for correct retinal pattern formation through its interactions with Egfr; and Notch pathways - mutants of the autism candidate gene neurobeachin (rugose) exhibit neuro-developmental; disorders, aberrant synaptic properties, altered locomotion, impaired adult social behavior and activity patterns
runt: transcription factor - novel - pair rule gene - contributes to neuroblast cell identity - identities of medulla neurons; of the optic lobe are pre-determined in the larval medulla primordium, which is subdivided into concentric; zones characterized by the expression of four transcription factors: Drifter, Runt, Homothorax and Brain-specific homeobox
rutabaga: membrane-bound Ca2+/calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase - a crucial memory pathway protein - responsible for synthesis; of cAMP - plays a key role in regulating behavioral, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological plasticity
Ryanodine receptor 44F: Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channel located in presynaptic endoplasmic reticulum membranes -; sustains vesicular mobilization thus enhancing release of transmitters and neuropeptides

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