Drosophila Genes

Alphabetical list of genes

Genes E - F - G - H - I - J - K --[Genes A-D -- Genes L-R -- Genes S-Z ]

: E
E2F transcription factor: positively regulates genes involved in the S (DNA synthesis) phase of the cell cycle
E2F transcription factor 2: negatively regulates genes involved in the S (DNA synthesis) phase of the cell cycle
eagle: nuclear receptor - zinc finger - involved in the determination the cell fate of serotonergic neurons
earmuff: zinc finger transcription factor - functions cell-autonomously to maintain the restricted developmental potential of the intermediate neural progenitors; generated by type II neuroblasts in Drosophila larval brains
easily shocked: ethanolamine kinase - catalyzes the first step of the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, one of the three major membrane phospholipids - a behavioral mutant; that belongs to a family of bang-sensitive paralytic mutants - required in mushroom body neuroblasts to allow a rapid rate of cell division at metamorphosis
easter: required for establishment of embryonic polarity - serine protease, trypsin family - generates processed Späzle, which in turn acts as the Toll ligand
eater: EGF-like repeat transmembrane protein located on phagocytic cells - mediates resistence to bacteria
Eb1: microtubule end-binding protein - controls the plus end of growing microtubules - targets other microtubule-associated; proteins to the plus end and thereby regulates interactions of microtubules with the cell cortex, mitotic kinetochores,; and different cellular organelles
ebi: Trp-Asp (WD) repeats protein - regulates Egfr pathway & protein degradation
ebony: an β-alanyl-dopamine synthase regulating β-alanyl conjugation of dopamine and histamine, thus 'trapping' these biogenic amines; preventing their further function - regulates pigmentation, photoreceptor activity and behavioral rhythmicity
E-cadherin (preferred name: shotgun): E-cadherin homolog - regulates cell aggregation preventing mixing of cells at tissue boundaries
Ecdysis triggering hormone: Regulates the process of preecdysis and ecdysis behaviors in the process shedding of the old cuticle
Ecdysone-induced protein 75B: nuclear receptor - ensures proper temporal progression of larval development
Ecdysone-inducible gene L2: a secreted protein that binds Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 and inhibits growth non-autonomously
Ecdysone receptor: transcription factor - nuclear receptor - zinc finger - regulates molting cycles and oogenesis
Ecdysone-induced protein 63E: cyclin dependent kinase that plays a role in cell differentiation rather than in cell division
Ecdysone-induced protein 74EF: ETS domain transcription factor that encodes two isoforms that control the timing of gene induction during molting
ecdysoneless: conserved protein of unknown function - mutants disrupt production of the steroid hormone ecdysone causing developmental and reproductive defects
Eclosion hormone: neuropeptide - acts directly on the CNS to release the stereotyped motor programs that trigger the shedding of the old cuticle at the end of each molt
echinoid & friend of echinoid: cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) - Ig and fibronectin domains proteins - The genes are adjacent to one another and co-ordinately regulated - Echinoid acts to antagonize Egf receptor signaling - Friend of echinoid exhibits interaction with the Notch pathway
effete: E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme - mediates anaphase-promoting complex degradation - controls germ-line stem cell maintenance; by targeting Cyclin A - regulates programmed cell death and neuronal process remodeling
egalitarian: RNA binding protein - participates along with BicaudalD in transport of mRNA during oogenesis - salivary gland morphogenesis
eiger: TNF superfamily; type II membrane protein - ligand that induces cell death by activating the JNK pathway
18 wheeler: transmembrane - leucine-rich repeat motif (LRR) - a critical component of the humoral immune response
egghead: glycosyltransferase - required for glycosphingolipid sugar chain elongation - affects extracellular Gurken gradiant; by controlling Gurken planar transport in the extracellular space
eggless: SET domain hydroxymethyltransferase required for oogenesis - trimethylates histone H3 at its K9 residue - involved in gene silencing
Eip93F: Pipsqueak family transcription factor - programs a cell death response during larval development
elbow B: zinc finger transcription factor - specifies distinct tracheal cell fates
ELL (preferred name: Su(Tpl)): occludin homology domain protein - a Pol II elongation factor capable of stimulating the rate of transcription
embryonic lethal abnormal vision (common alternative name: elav): RNA binding protein - a pan-neural gene required for correct differentiation and maintenance of the nervous system
empty spiracles FlyExpress: ems head gap and neuroblast expression: transcription factor - homeodomain - required for head development and brain morphogenesis
enabled: VASP homolog and SH3 domain protein - cytoskeletal adaptor protein implicated in axonal outgrowth and fasciculation
encore: During oogenesis Encore physically interacts with the proteasome, protein degradation factor Cul1 and Cyclin E -; In encore mutant germaria Cyclin E degradation is compromised, thus impairing exit from cystoblast cell divison
engrailed en segmental expression: transcription factor - homeodomain - engrailed class - segment polarity gene - involved in compartment identity and boundary formation
Enhancer of bithorax: major subunit of nucleosome remodeling factor (nurf) - multiple domain protein with HMGI/Y and bromodomain motifs
Enhancer of Polycomb: novel Polycomb group protein and a suppressor of position effect variegation
Enhancer of split: transcription factor - bHLH - Hairy/E(spl) class - neurogenic gene - target of Notch pathway
E(spl) region transcript m7: neurogenic bHLH transcription factor - Hairy/E(spl) class - an inhibitor of neural fate - Hairy/E(spl) class
Enhancer of yellow 3 (common alternative name: SAYP): Trithorax group protein, constituent PBAP chromatin remodeling complex, a coactivator supercomplex consisting of Brahma and TFIID;; participates in ecdysone-dependent transcriptional regulation
Enhancer of zeste: transcription factor - polycomb group with trithorax homology - chromatin associated
Eph receptor tyrosine kinase: receptor tyrosine kinase involved in axon pathfinding
Ephrin: functions as a ligand for Eph receptor - expressed on the surface of neuron cell bodies - acts to confine Eph receptor bearing axons to longitudinal tracts by repulsion
Epidermal growth factor receptor (common alternative name: Torpedo): transmembrane receptor- tk - EGF-R homology - during oogenesis helps set up egg polarity, determines the identity of cells in the ectoderm; during larval stages participates in the development of the eye and wing.
erect wing: novel transcription factor - exhibits a neural defect due to expression in neurons and a muscle defect due to expression in myoblasts
escargot: transcription factor - zinc finger - regulates the cell cycle in histoblasts
ensconsin: a conserved microtubule-associated protein - promotes productive recruitment of kinesin to microtubules
E(spl) region transcript m4: Bearded family - required to positively transduce the Notch signal during neurogenesis, and presumably during bristle development as well
Ets at 97D: Ets domain transcription factor - homolog of the alpha subunit of mammalian NRF-2/GABP - required for proper expression of most genes encoding mitochondrial proteins -; regulator of mitochondrial number and mass - required for proper follicle cell migration, chorion formation, and nurse cell chromosome decondensation
even-skipped FlyExpress: eve segmental expression: transcription factor - homeodomain - pair rule gene establishing epidermal cell fate
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1: tranmembrane excitatory amino acid transporter expressed in glial cells - tightly regulates; extracellular glutamate levels to control neurotransmission functions in locomotor behavior
exo84: exocyst complex 84-kDa subunit Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain protein - involved in apical polarity of epithelial tissue -; the exocyst complex functions in polarized exocytosis
expanded: Band 4.1 protein with three potential SH3-binding sites - localization to adherens junctions allows Expanded to exert effects on multiple processes; involved in disc development, including effects on cell proliferation, cell fate determination, and tissue polarity
extra-extra FlyExpress: exex anterior and posterior midgut and CNS expression: a homeodomain transcription factor - regulates motorneuron cell fate by restricting expression of Even-skipped and Lim2
extra macrochaetae: transcription factor - HLH non basic - antagonist of proneural genes
extra sexcombs: Polycomb group - WD40 domain - in combination with Enhancer of zeste and histone deacetylases, promotes gene silencing
extradenticle: transcription factor - homeodomain - cooperatively interacts with homeotic proteins to increase the specificity of homeotic protein binding to DNA
exuperantia: a core component of a large protein complex involved in localizing mRNAs both within nurse cells and the developing oocyte
eyegone: transcription factor - homeodomain & pax domain - plays a role in the process of joining morphogenesis that is crucial to the formation of salivary gland ducts
eyeless: transcription factor - homeodomain & pax domain - plays a crucial role in eye and brain development
eyelid (preferred name: osa): transcription factor - Bright family - associates with the Brahma chromatin remodeling complex - antagonizes Wingless signaling; during Drosophila development and affects patterning of the eye imaginal disc
eyes absent (preferred name: clift) FlyExpress: eya head and mesodermal expression: transcriptional co-activator and protein tyrosine phosphatase - cell survival factor - functions in eye development -; also plays a role in the embryonic determination of somatic gonadal precursor (SGP) cell fate
eyes closed: a fly homolog of p47, a protein co-factor of the p97 ATPase involved in membrane fusion - mutation results in a lethal failure of nuclear envelope assembly in early zygotic divisions and results in defective photoreceptor morphogenesis
eyes shut: a proteoglycan secreted into the ommatidial apical matrix - critical for the formation of epithelial lumina in the fly retina -; forms an extracellular shield that guards mechanosensory neurons from environmental insult; F
fab1: phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase - controls vesicular trafficking but not silencing of endocytosed receptors, including Wingless and Notch -; functions in negative regulation of cell volume - regulates autophagy by being required for the maturation of autolysosomes
faint sausage: Ig superfamily - involved in neural cell migration and axon pathfinding
falafel: Protein Phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit - a key mediator specific for the localization of Miranda and associated cell fate determinants during both interphase and mitosis
Fasciclin I: lipid linked novel protein - homophilic cell adhesion molecule that acts in axon guidance
Fasciclin II: transmembrane - NCAM homolog - Ig superfamily - controls number and stability of neuromuscular synapses
Fasciclin III: transmembrane - cam - novel - aids in cell adhesion, axon pathfinding and fasciculation ensuring proper muscle innervation
fat: cadherin domain transmembrane receptor that negatively controls cell proliferation - also functions in planar polarity
fat facets: conserved Cys and His domains - ubiquitin-specific protease - plays multiple roles in eye and oocyte development
fat-like (common alternative names: kugelei, fat2): a cadherin related to Fat - required for the planar polarity of actin filament orientation; at the basal side of ovarian follicle cells - acts non-autonomously in follicle cells in the transmission of polarity information; required for morphogenesis and maintenance of tubular structures of ectodermal origin
fear of intimacy: transmembrane domain protein - FICL family - zinc transporter - required in the mesoderm for gonad morphogenesis - required for tracheal branch fusion
female sterile (1) homeotic: double-bromodomain protein - trithorax group gene that cooperates with Zeste in Ultrabithorax activation
female sterile (3) homeless (preferred name: spindle E): DE-H family of RNA-dependent ATPases - possible roles during oocyte development in RNA processing, transport, or stabilization
Ferritin 1 heavy chain homologue and Ferritin 2 light chain homologue: iron storage proteins; ferroxidase and iron core nucleation
fgf-receptor homolog 1 (preferred name: heartless - common alternative name: DFR1): receptor tyrosine kinase - involved in the development of mesodermal and neuronal cells
fizzy: WD40 domain protein - homolog of Cdc20 - required for the activity of the anaphase promoting complex in mitosis -; functions to target the three mitotic cyclins A, B and B3 for destruction in the egg and drive anaphase progression during meiosis
fizzy related (preferred name: retina aberrant in pattern): Trp-Asp repeat (WD-repeat) protein - negatively regulates the levels of cyclins A, B and B3 thus promoting mitosis
flamingo (preferred name: starry night): Cadherin-related 7TM protein involved in tissue polarity
flap wing: Isoform of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 - regulates nonmuscle myosin by dephosphorylating the myosin II regulatory light chain (Spaghetti squash)
Fmr1: KH domain RNA-binding protein - homolog of mammalian Fragile X mental retardation gene - represses Futsch translation - mutants have synaptic structural defects
FMRFamide-related: neuropeptide of unknown function in Drosophila expressed in sets of brain and ventral cord neurons
Focal adhesion kinase-like: involved in integrin signaling - targets multiple cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins
folded gastrulation: secreted - novel protein - regulates gastrulation - necessary for coordination of cell shape changes throughout the invaginating primordia
Follicle cell protein 26Aa (preferred name: palisade): multi-domain protein that acts during oogenesis to coordinate assembly of the vitelline membrane -; required for functional properties of the eggshell
follistatin (accepted FlyBase name: Fs): modulates TGF-β ligand signaling - inhibits activin-β signaling but activates Dawdle
foraging: cGMP-dependent protein kinase - controls feeding behavior and locomotory behavior
fork head FlyExpress: fkh expression in midgut primordia and salivary glands: transcription factor - forkhead domain - plays two roles for fkh in the formation of the embryonic salivary glands:; an early role in promoting survival of the secretory cells, and a later role in secretory cell invagination
Fos-related antigen (preferred name: kayak): transcription factor - basic leucine zipper - regulates dorsal closure - also required downstream from Decapentaplegic signaling for the regulation of labial in the midgut
4E-BP (preferred name: Thor): messenger RNA 5' cap binding protein - regulates translation during environmental stress
4EHP: Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E - a cap binding protein that inhibits hunchback, caudal and bicoid mRNA translation
four-jointed: transmembrane protein kinase that targets Fat and its transmembrane ligand Dachsous - conveys positional information in the leg and eye
14-3-3ε: regulates the activity of cellular proteins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner by binding as a dimer to phosphoserine/threonine-containing motifs -; acts as a cofactor for PAR-1 by binding to proteins that are phosphorylated by the PAR-1 kinase
14-3-3zeta (common alternative name name: leonardo): a 14-3-3zeta isoform - a phosphoserine/threonine interacting protein - positively regulates; Ras-mediated signaling in the development of the compound eye - also involved in facilitating olfactory learning
foxo: forkhead domain transcription factor - a target of the insulin receptor signaling pathway - modulates growth and proliferation
Fps oncogene analog: Fes/Fer non-receptor tyrosine kinases - regulates cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganisation through the modification; of adherens junctions - regulates dorsal closure
frayed: serine/threonine kinase - PAK family - required for normal axonal ensheathment
frazzled: Ig superfamily - functions as a Netrin receptor in axon pathfinding
fringe: secreted glycosyltransferase involved boundary formation - Notch antagonist that functions by targeting extracellular domain of Notch
frizzled: transmembrane - 7 pass - frizzled family - receptor for Wingless - tissue polarity gene
frizzled2: transmembrane - 7 pass - frizzled family - receptor for Wingless - tissue polarity gene
frizzled3: transmembrane - 7 pass - frizzled family - antagonizes wingless signal
fruitless: zinc finger - sex determination - regulates mating behavior
Fs (common alternative name: Follistatin): modulates TGF-β ligand signaling - inhibits activin-β signaling but activates Dawdle
ftz transcription factor 1: transcription factor - nuclear receptor - zinc finger - bridges early and late gene expression during the process of metamorphosis
FTZ-F2 (preferred name: tramtrack): transcription factor - zinc finger - represses neural cell fate in the peripheral nervous system
furrowed: selectin (carbohydrate binding protein) - mutants have defects in eye patterning and in cell determination of the ommatidia and bristles
furry: conserved protein that is required for Tricornered activity in control of wing hair and bristle morphology -; controls dendritic branching and tiling in sensory neurons
fused: serine/threonine kinase - segment polarity gene - cytoplasmic component of Hedgehog signaling pathway
fushi tarazu FlyExpress: ftz pair-rule expression: transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - pair rule gene
futsch: microtubule-associated protein regulating axon guidance; G
Gadd45: exhibits a genetic interaction with JNK pathway affecting egg asymmetry in the oocyte; induced by wounding in embryos
GAGA (preferred name: Trithorax like): transcription factor - zinc finger - btb domain - a transcriptional activator that functions by influencing chromatin structure
gamma-tubulin ring protein 84: gamma-tubulin associated protein required for aspects of microtubule nucleation, dynamics and organization both in interphase and mitosis
gammy legs (preferred name: pygopus): nuclear PHD-finger protein - a core component of the Wingless signaling pathway that acts downstream of or at the level of Pangolin
gastrulation-defective: a maternally supplied protease involved in establishment of dorsal/ventral polarity - targets Snake
gata-2 (preferred name: pannier): transcription factor - zinc finger - GATA family - a local repressor of achaete and scute that is required for the normal pattern of sensory bristles
GATAe FlyExpress: GATAe endodermal expression: GATA family zinc finger transcription factor - Required downstream of serpent for the expression of specific genes in the differentiated midgut
gawky: RNA-binding protein - glycine-tryptophan (GW) repeat protein required for P-body integrity -; promotes mRNA deadenylation, decapping and degradation
Gcn5 (preferred name: Pcaf): a major histone H3 acetylase in Drosophila that plays a key role in the control of specific morphogenetic cascades during developmental transitions
Ge-1: a molecular scaffold that brings together decapping enzymes and activators that are involved in silencing of microRNA targets
geminin: limits DNA replication by preventing Mcm loading onto chromatin
genderblind: glutamate permease - regulates ambient extracellular glutamate to suppress glutamatergic synapse strength - controls mate choice
Genghis Kahn: similar to myotonic dystrophy protein kinase - regulates cytoskeletal dynamics
germ cell-less: chromatin component - BTB/POZ domain protein- responsible for establishment transcriptional quiescence in germ cells
giant: transcription factor - basic leucine zipper - gap gene
gigas: Rap1 GAP domain protein - tuberous sclerosis-2 homolog - regulates growth rate - a modifies of the insulin pathway
gilgamesh: Casein kinase 1 γ homolog - interacts Arrow to modify Wingless signaling - mutants show a defect in spermatid individualization -; required to potentiate Wingless signaling in limb development - acts in the posterior region of the eye disc to prevent precocious glial cell migration
glass: transcription factor - zinc finger - required for normal development of photoreceptor cells in a larval photoreceptor known as Bolwig's organ, in the adult compound eye and in adult simple eyes, known as ocelli
glass bottom boat (common alternative name: Transforming growth factor beta at 60A): TGF-beta superfamily - BMP 7 homolog - potentiates dpp signaling
glial cells missing FlyExpress: gcm glial expression: transcription factor - novel - required for glial cell fate
Gliolectin: lectin (carbohydrate binding protein) - regulates cell adhesion in midline glia
Gliotactin: transmembrane - novel serine esterase homolog - functions in glia to ensure a secure blood-brain barrier.
gluon: condensin subunit SMC4 - involved in mitotic chromatin condensation
Glutamate receptor IIA and Glutamate receptor IIB: transmembrane Ca2+ channel protein - expressed on muscular synaptic boutons targeted by motor neurons
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (common alternative name: Adipokinetic hormone receptor): GPCR - involved in storage-fat mobilization - essential to adjust normal body fat content; and ensure lifelong fat-storage homeostasis - functional analog of the mammalian glucagon receptor
gooseberry-neuro (common alternative name: gsb-p): transcription factor - homeodomain - paired domain - regulates neuroblast cell fate - functions redundently with gooseberry
gooseberry (common alternative name: gsb-d) FlyExpress: gsb segmental expression: transcription factor - homeodomain - paired domain - regulates neuroblast cell fate
Goosecoid FlyExpress: gsc head and brain expression: transcription factor - homeodomain - paired-like - regulates cell fate in the brain and stomatogastric nervous system
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2: Serine/threonine protein kinase - involved in a receptor-mediated signaling pathway that utilizes cAMP as a second messenger - involved in oogenesis and implicated in learning
G protein αi subunit 65A: G protein α subunit involved in regulating asymmetric cell division
G protein oalpha 47A (common alternative name: brokenheart): G protein alpha subunit - regulates mesenchymal-epithelial transition that takes place in cardial cells and precursor cells of the visceral musculature
G protein salpha 60A: s-alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein - regulates cyclic AMP second messenger system - functions in learning
grapes: kinase - Chk1 homolog - cell cycle checkpoint protein
grain (common alternative name: dGATAc): zinc finger - GATA family - required during development for shaping the adult legs and the larval posterior spiracles
grainy head: transcription factor - basic HLH - cooperates with Suppressor of Hairless to activate Notch target genes
Gram-negative bacteria binding protein 3: a pattern recognition receptor that is required for the detection of fungal cell wall components -; required for Toll pathway activation in response to fungal infections
grappa: a histone methyltransferase that modifies the lysine 79 residue of histone H3 - necessary for the maintenance phase; of Bithorax complex expression - has characteristics of both polycomb- and trithorax-group genes
Grasp65: signaling protein that exhibits a dynamic association to the membrane of the early exocytic pathway and is involved building the Golgi stack
greatwall: kinase that coordinates with Polo for mitotic progression - absence of Gwl during meiosis results in excessive and/or premature Polo activity; leading to premature loss of sister chromatid cohesion
grim: pro-apoptotic protein whose N-terminus functions by disrupting IAP binding to caspases -
an additional mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic function carried out by a centrally located GH3 domain
Grip: Scaffolding and signaling protein - participates in the reception of an attractive signal that emanates from muscle epidermal attachment sites to direct the motility of developing muscles
groovin (preferred name: short stop): cytoskeletal cross-linker protein - expressed in the tendons and is essential for muscle-dependent tendon cell differentiation -; required for sensory and motor axons to reach their targets in the Drosophila embryo
groucho: transcription factor - WD40 domain - E(spl) complex - partners transcriptional repressors by functioning as a co-repressor
Grunge: transcriptional cofactor for Even-skipped - positive regulator of teashirt - homolog of mammalian Atrophin
GTPase-activating protein 1: Ras GTPase-activating protein with PH domain and C2-domain - functions in cone cell precursors to down-regulate Ras1
Guanylyl cyclase at 76C: cGMP production - receptor-type protein possessing a single transmembrane domain - required for Semaphorin-1a-Plexin A directed repulsive axon guidance
guftagu (common alternative name: Cul-3): Cullen-3 homolog acting in protein degradation - loss of function has pleiotropic effects during development, including defects in external sensory organ development, pattern formation and cell growth and survival - targets Cubitus interruptus
GUK-holder: Scaffolding protein involved in synaptic budding - interacts with the GUK domain of Discs large - required for the proper synaptic localization of Scribbled
gurken: TGFß homolog - EGF-R ligand - required for dorsoventral patterning in the egg and embryo
Gustatory receptor 21a and Gustatory receptor 63a: GPCRs that confer CO₂-chemosensation in Drosophila
Gustatory receptor 64a: taste receptor - response to sugar
Gustatory receptor 68a: an essential component of pheromone-driven courtship behavior
gutfeeling (preferred name: Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme): modifies the activity of Ornithine decarboxylase - regulates the nuclear entry and overall levels of Sex-lethal in early germ cells; H
H15 and midline: T-box transcription factors that participate in cardiac fate specificity
Hairless: novel basic protein - a major antagonist of the Notch signaling-pathway - associates with Suppressor of Hairless, thereby inhibiting trans-activation of Notch target genes
hairy: transcription factor - bHLH - Hairy/E(spl) class - during embryogenesis it participates as a primary pair-rule gene in the establishment of segments -; in the larval stage it functions negatively in determining the pattern of sensory bristles on the adult fly.
Hairy/E(spl)-related with YRPW motif: bHLH-Orange protein family - expressed in a subset of newly born neurons that receive Notch signalling -; promotes one of two alternative fates adopted by sibling neurons
half pint (preferred name: poly-U-binding splicing factor): RNA recognition motif protein - functions in both constitutive and alternative splicing - required during oogenesis
hamlet: zinc finger - regulates cell identity in the peripheral nervous system - a binary genetic switch that acts to repress a multiple dendritic arbor; and promote single-dendrite morphology
Hand: Member of a conserved family of bHLH transcription factors that performs a conserved function in cardiogenesis - also required for hematopoiesis
happyhour: a MAP4K3 that regulates TOR activity detected by phosphorylation of S6K and 4EBP - required for amino acids to stimulate TOR complex activity -; binds physically to the Rag GTPases - promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis
HDAC6: a microtubule-associated deacetylase - interacts with polyubiquitinated proteins to stimulate autophagy as a compensatory degradation system; when the ubiquitin-proteasome system is impaired
headcase: novel basic protein - expression prefigures the mitotic activation of imaginal tissue proliferation - regulates tracheal branching
head involution defective (preferred name: Wrinkled): death domain protein - programmed cell death - cell death function required for the movement of the dorsal fold; across the procephalon and clypeolabrum, a process that forms the frontal sac
heartbroken (preferred name: stumps): novel signal transduction protein functioning downstream of two FGF receptors -; mutations are associated with defects in the migration and later specification of mesodermal and tracheal cells
heartless (commonly known as Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 or DFR-1): receptor tyrosine kinase - involved in the development of mesodermal and neuronal cells
Heat shock factor: leucine zipper - transcription factor - functions to activate transcription of heat shock genes during heat stress
Heat-shock-protein-70: a family of proteins that functions as molecular chaperones - thermotolerance - required for border cell migration
hedgehog: Hedgehog N-terminal signaling domain and C-terminal autoprocessing domain - helps establish embryonic segmentation - a segment polarity intercellular signaling protein
held out wings: KH motif - putative RNA-binding protein - functions in the migration and attachment of somatic muscle cells
Helicase at 25E (common alternative name: UAP56): DExH/D RNA helicase required in the nucleus for mRNA export - required in the cytoplasm for remodeling; the transacting factors that dictate mRNA cytoplasmic destination
Helix loop helix protein 106 (common alternative name: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein, SREBP): bHLH-leucine zipper transcription factor - membrane bound HLH106 is released by phosphatidylethanolamine, exerting feedback control; on the synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids - cleavage by Drice releases an SREBP fragment to travel to the nucleus; where it mediates the increased transcription of target genes needed for lipid synthesis and uptake
hemiperous: a kinase (MapKK/JunKK) involved is dorsal closure - required for the correct differentiation of epithelia
HEM-protein (common alternative name: kette): alternatively a membrane associated and a cytosolic protein that transduces information to the neuronal cytoskeleton affecting axon guidance
Hen1: RNA methyltransferase - carries out methylation of small interfering RNAs, the final step in assembly of RISC occurring; after the Argonaute-bound siRNA duplex is converted to single-stranded RNA
Hepatocyte growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (common alternative name: Hrs): endososomal sorting of ubiquitinated receptors - targeting of EGFR, PVR, Notch, Hedgehog and Dpp receptors for degradation
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4: zinc finger transcription factor - mutants show defects in midgut, Malpighian tubule and salivary gland development
hephaestus: polypyrimidine tract binding protein - controls alternative splicing - required to attenuate Notch activity after ligand-dependent activation during wing development
hermaphrodite: C₂H² zinc finger transcription factor - plays a permissive role in sex determination and differentiation - required for female sexual differentiation
heterochromatin protein 1 (preferred name: Suppressor of variegation 205): chromodomain - Polycomb group - chromatin associated protein -; required both for activation of heterochromatic genes and silencing of euchromatic genes
HGTX: homeobox, NK decapeptide domain transcription factor - acts within a subclass of early born neurons to link; neuronal subtype identity to neuronal morphology and connectivity
hibris: Ig repeat transmembrane protein with fibronectin type III domain - a receptor involved in muscle cell fusion
HIF prolyl hydroxylase (alternative name: fatiga): oxygen sensor - a specific prolyl-4-hydroxylases required for hydroxylation of key prolyl residues in the HIFα sequence -; Fe (II) and 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase superfamily protein that uses O₂ as a co-substrate for catalysis -; involved in tracheal development, oogenesis and drives cell growth downstream of Cyclin D
High mobility group protein D: transcription factor - HMG domain protein - responsible for transcriptional silencing during early development
highwire: synaptic protein - B-box zinc finger superfamily - a negative regular of synaptic growth
hiiragi (also known as poly(A) polymerase): involved in both nuclear and cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNA
hikaru genki: synaptic protein - IG superfamily - required at during pupariation for the formation of normal neural circuitry
hindsight (preferred name: pebbled): multiple zinc finger transcription factor - regulates some aspect of amnioserosal signalling to surrounding ectoderm promoting germ band retraction
homeodomain interacting protein kinase: serine/threonine kinase - homolog of mammalian Homeodomain interacting protein kinase - acts as a positive regulator of Wingless pathway; by stabilizing Armadillo - promotes Notch signal transduction in the eye by inhibition of the co-repressor Groucho
hippo: a serine/threonine kinase - acts in conjunction with Salvador and Warts to restrict cell growth - promotes cell death by decreasing the level of Thread, an inhibitor of apoptosis
Hira (alternative name Sesame): histone chaperone - required for nucleosome assembly during sperm nucleus decondensation - GAGA factor and; FACT-dependent replacement of methylated histone H3 by H3.3 occurs through association with Hira
Histone H1: Chromatin component - linker histone - stabilize a higher order 30 nm diameter chromatin fiber that is fundamental to the structural organization of chromosomes
Histone H2A variant: replacement histone participates in an ordered cascade of events leading to the establishment of heterochromatin
Histone H3: Nucleosome component - core histone
Histone H3.3A: H3 histone subtype - deposition is coupled to transcription and continues while a gene is active -; histone replacement suggests a mechanism to maintain both the structure of chromatin and access to DNA at active genes
Histone H4: Nucleosome component - core histone - acetylation of Histone H4 plays a positive role in promoting access of transcription factors to nucleosomal DNA
Hairy/E(spl)-related with YRPW motif: bHLH-Orange protein family - expressed in a subset of newly born neurons that receive Notch signalling -; promotes one of two alternative fates adopted by sibling neurons
HMG Coenzyme A reductase (common alternative name: columbus): catalyzes the biosynthesis of a mevalonate precursor for isoprenoids - functions in the hedgehog signaling pathway,; implicated in the production of a signal by the somatic gonadal precursor cells that attracts migrating germ cells
Hnf4: zinc finger transcription factor - mutants show defects in midgut, Malpighian tubule and salivary gland development
Holes in muscle: WRPW motif protein that binds Groucho to inhibit both muscle differentiation and Mef2 activity during development
homeodomain interacting protein kinase: serine/threonine kinase - homolog of mammalian Homeodomain interacting protein kinase - acts as a positive regulator of Wingless pathway; by stabilizing Armadillo - promotes Notch signal transduction in the eye by inhibition of the co-repressor Groucho
homer: scaffolding protein required for the function of neural networks controlling locomotor activity and behavioral plasticity
homeless (preferred name: spindle E): homeless DE-H family of RNA-dependent ATPases - the failure to transport Bicoid and Oskar mRNAs is the earliest defect in RNA transport observed in spn-E mutants
homothorax: homeodomain transcription factor - HM domain protein - required for Extradenticle nuclear localization -; a partner of Hox genes - required for segmentation and proper head involution
hopscotch (common alternative name: jak kinase and janus kinase): janus family tyrosine kinase - regulates even-skipped during segmentation -; mutation creates an activated oncogene, causing hematopoietic neoplasms, overproliferation, and premature differentiation.
Hormone receptor-like in 38: nuclear receptor superfamily - participates in a second ecdysteroid signaling pathway that responds to a distinct class of ecdysteroids; in a manner that is independent of EcR
Hormone receptor-like in 46 (common alternative name: DHR3): transcription factor - nuclear receptor superfamily - a second tier regulator involved in Drosophila molting --; acts negatively on Ecdysone receptor and postively on genes expressed subsequently in the molting hierarchy
Hormone receptor 51 (common alternative name: Unfulfilled): nuclear receptor superfamily - a thiolate heme-binding protein - necessary for mushroom body axon extension and branching; mutants modulate wing expansion and fertility through underlying neurological defects
Hormone-receptor-like in 78: nuclear receptor superfamily - mutants are blocked in their ability to trigger the mid-third instar regulatory hierarchy
Hormone receptor-like in 96: nuclear receptor superfamily - regulation of cholesterol and triacylglycerol homeostasis, genetic control of xenobiotic stress responses
HP1c: HP1 family member - mchromatin interactor and organizer - physically interacts with DNA-binding zinc-finger transcription factors; Without children and Relative-of-WOC to act as a transcriptional activator
Hr4: steroid hormone receptor - coordinates growth and maturation in Drosophila by mediating endocrine responses; to achieve critical weight during larval development
huckebein FlyExpress: hkb terminal and neuroblast expression: tf - zinc finger - terminal gap gene - limits the extent of mesodermal development - required for proper endoderm formation
hugin: controls growth and metabolism - encodes at least two distinct neuropeptides; one, hug-γ, has homology; to an ecdysone triggering hormone and a second, Drm-PK-2, is a pyrokinin with myostimulatory activity
hu-li tai shao: homolog of mammalian adducin - necessary for actin localization to ring canals during oogenesis
hunchback FlyExpress: hbgap and neuroblast expression: transcription factor - zinc finger - a gap gene later expressed in neuroblasts - required for proper temporal generation of cellular sublineages during neurogenesis
huntingtin: cytoskeletal scaffolding protein required for axonal transport
Hus1-like: forms a clamp-like 9-1-1 complex with Rad9 and Rad1 - plays a central role in the DNA-damage-induced checkpoint response - required for S-phase and meiotic checkpoints
hyperplastic discs: a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase that is likely to act by targeting Cubitus interruptus and an unknown activator of hedgehog expression for proteolysis
hyrax: the Cdc73 component of the Polymerase-Associated Factor 1 (PAF1) complex - required for nuclear transduction of the Wnt/Wg signal -; manifests its effects on transcription through modulating chromatin structure; I
iab-4 (common alternative name: infraabdominal): directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,; the transformation of halteres into wings
Ice: a effector caspase - activated during spermatogenesis and necessary; for the removal of cytoplasm and the generation of functional sperm
ik2 (common alternative name: DmIKKε): IKK-related kinase - a regulator of caspase activation in a nonapoptotic context - promotes degradation of DIAP1 (Thread); through direct phosphorylation - required for proper sensory organ precursor development -; acts on the cytoskeleton to regulate egg DV and AP polarity
imaginal discs arrested: homolog of APC5, a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/cyclosome) - required for proliferation of imaginal disc cells -; required for the localisation of Miranda and its associated cargo proteins to the neuroblast basal cortex
Imitation SWI: transcription factor - ATPase domain - bromodomain - gene activator - a component of a nucleosome remodeling protein complex
immune deficiency: a death domain protein involved in signal transduction during antibacterial immune response
immune response deficient 5 and kenny (common alternative names: IKKβ and IKKγ): IkappaB kinase, respectively IKK catalytic and regulatory subunits - induction of antimicrobial peptide genes
inactivation no afterpotential D: scaffolding protein - PDZ domain protein - involved in visual signal transduction
inactivation no afterpotential E: diacylglycerol lipase involved in visual signal transduction and lipid metabolism
inactive: transient receptor potential vanilloid channel - expressed in chordotonal neurons where it is involved in temperature preference -; expressed in antenna were it is involved in hearing
inebriated: neurotransmitter:sodium symporter - mutations appear to cause increased excitability of the motor neuron by causing defective reuptake of a substrate neurotransmitter
infraabdominal (preferred name: nuclear untranslated RNA gene iab-4): directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,; the transformation of halteres into wings
Inhibitor of apoptosis 2: N-terminal baculovirus IAP repeat domain and C-terminal RING ubiquitin ligase domain protein - required for immune response to bacteria -; promotes cytoplasmic cleavage and nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB homolog Relish - controls the level of caspase activity by forming; a covalent adduct with the catalytic machinery of drICE
Inner centromere protein: a component of the chromosome passenger complex - regulates activity of Aurora B kinase through a positive-feedback; loop - as a microtubule-binding protein Incenp has a well-defined centromere-targeting domain at its; N-terminus, suggesting a role in targeting the kinase to particular locations within the mitotic cell
Inositol 1,4,5,-tris-phosphate receptor: calcium channel - required for embryonic and larval development - involved in muscle development and is implicated in chemosensory functions
importin alpha1: one of a family of proteins that mediates nuclear transport by linking nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing proteins to importin beta1
inscuteable: novel protein - SH3 binding domain, ankyrin repeats and cytoskeletal attachment domain - involved in establishment apical/basal polarity
insensitive: a nuclear factor that physically interacts with Suppressor of Hairless and inhibits Notch signalling during peripheral nervous system development
Insulin-like peptide 6: an insulin-like peptide that is produced by the fat body - induced by metabolic stress -; promotes growth in conditions of nutritional deprivation or following developmentally induced cessation of feeding
Insulin-like receptor: receptor tyrosine kinase - a key component of an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that plays an essential role in controlling body, organ, and cell size
Insulin-related peptide: Insulin-like growth factor that functions as a growth stimulator - regulates of trehalose metabolism
integrin - ß PS (preferred name myospheroid): transmembrane - integrin - ß subunit - a major component of the cell's machinery; for adherence to substrate, based on a calcium dependent process that produces a focal adhesion plaque
Integrin linked kinase: s/t kinase with ankyrin repeats - required for integrin-mediated adhesion - links the cytoskeleton via integrins to the plasma membrane
interference Hedgehog: IGcam membrane protein - binds Hedgehog and mediates Hedgehog response
intermediate neuroblasts defective: homeodomain protein - determines the identity of the ventral most column of neuroblasts
invected: transcription factor - homeodomain - engrailed class - cooperates with engrailed in establishing posterior compartment identity
Ionotropic receptor 8a: a member of a novel family of chemosensory receptor ion channels - variant ionotropic glutamate receptor-like protein - expressed on antennal neurons
Ionotropic receptor 64a: chemosensory receptor ion channel - detection of acid
IplI-aurora-like kinase (alternative name: Aurora B): signaling protein involved in chromatin condensation during mitosis
Ipou (preferred name: Abnormal chemosensory jump 6): transcription factor - homeodomain and POU domain - determines odorant response profile of subsets of olfactory neurons
islet (preferred name: tailup): transcription factor - homeodomain and LIM domain - required in combination with other transcription factors for serotonergic and dopaminergic neuron identity
ISWI (preferred name: Imitation SWI): transcription factor - ATPase domain - bromodomain - gene activator - a component of a nucleosome remodeling protein complex; J
jaguar: Drosophila myosin VI, a pointed end directed molecular motor - involved in asymmetric cell division -; regulates actin dynamics during sperm individualization
jak kinase (preferred name: hopscotch, common alternative name: janus kinase): janus family tyrosine kinase - regulates even-skipped during segmentation -; mutation creates an activated oncogene, causing hematopoietic neoplasms, overproliferation, and premature differentiation.
jelly belly: a secreted ligand that contains an LDL receptor repeat - required for visceral mesoderm development
jetlag: an F-box protein with leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a putative component of a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex -; essential for resetting the clock by transmitting light signals from Cryptochrome to Timeless resulting in the degredation of Timeless
JIL-1: protein serine/threonine kinase involved in dosage compensation
jing: zinc finger transcription factor - a downstream target of slbo required for border cell migration -; also plays an essential role in controlling CNS midline and tracheal cell differentiation
Jumeaux (preferred name: Domina): forkhead/winged-helix class - a suppressor of position effect variegation that affects and regulates eye and bristle development
Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) (preferred name: basket): MAP kinase homolog - regulates cell shape change and epidermal layer movement during dorsal closure
Jun related antigen (common alternative name: DJun): transcription factor - basic leucine zipper - cooperates with the ETS domain protein Pointed to induce R7 fate in the developing eye; K
kakapo - preferred name: short stop: cytoskeletal cross-linker protein - expressed in the tendons and is essential for muscle-dependent tendon cell differentiation -; required for sensory and motor axons to reach their targets in the Drosophila embryo
karst (common alternative name: betaHeavy Spectrin): cytoskeletal protein - structural and docking protein - a junctional protein involved in cell adhesion
karyopherin α1 (common alternative name: importin alpha1): one of a family of proteins that mediates nuclear transport by linking nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing proteins to importin beta1
katanin-60: AAA+ family enzyme that suppresses polymerization of microtubule plus-ends - regulates cell migration -; acts in mitosis to stimulates microtubule plus-end depolymerization and Pacman-based chromatid motility
kayak (common alternative name: Fos-related antigen): transcription factor - basic leucine zipper - regulates dorsal closure - also required downstream from Decapentaplegic signaling for the regulation of labial in the midgut
kekkon-1: Ig domain protein, Leucine-rich repeat protein - plays a role in axonal outgrowth in the central nervous system -; acts in a negative feedback loop to modulate the activity of the Egfr tyrosine kinase during oogenesis
kelch: cytoskeletal protein - actin cross-linker - during oogenesis, phosphorylation of Kelch is critical for the proper morphogenesis of actin during ring canal growth
ken and barbie: BTB-POZ domain transcription factor with C-terminal zinc finger - recruits NURF by physical; interaction to engender transcriptional repression - involved in genital disc development
kenny and immune response deficient 5 (common alternative names: IKKγ and IKKβ): IkappaB kinase, respectively IKK regulatory and catalytic subunits - induction of antimicrobial peptide genes
Keren: ligand for Epidermal growth factor receptor - homolog of Spitz with partially independent functional activity -; provides an autocrine mitogenic stimulus in midgut progenitor cells
ketel (preferred name: Female sterile (2) Ketel): Importin-β - an essential component of nuclear protein import, spindle formation and nuclear envelope assembly
kette (preferred name: HEM-protein): alternatively a membrane associated and a cytosolic protein that transduces information to the neuronal cytoskeleton affecting axon guidance
kibra: signaling protein that functions together with Merlin and Expanded in a protein complex that regulates the Hippo kinase cascade; via direct binding to Hippo and Salvador
kinase suppressor of ras: Ras pathway scaffolding protein - Ksr associates independently with Raf and Mek, and these interactions facilitate formation of a RAF/MEK complex; thus promoting signaling through the Ras pathway
Kinesin associated protein 3: the non-motor accessory subunit of Kinesin II - involved in intraflagellar transport - required for the axoneme growth and maintenance of the cilia; in Drosophila type I sensory neurons - expressed in Johnston's organ and required for hearing
Kinesin heavy chain: plus end directed vesicular transport motor protein
Kinesin-like protein at 61F: motor protein - crosslinking and sliding activities during mitosis facilitate accumulation within antiparallel interpolar MTs; at the equator, where the motor generates force to drive spindle poleward flux and pole-pole separation
kin of irre (common alternative name: dumbfounded): IG superfamily - required for myoblast aggregation and fusion
kismet: member of the SWI2/SNF2 family of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors - facilitates an early step in transcriptional elongation by Pol II
klarsicht: controls bidirectional transport of lipid droplets, nuclear migration and transport of secretory vesicles
Klp10A: mitotic kinesin required to depolymerize microtubules at their pole-associated minus ends thereby moving chromatids by means of poleward flux
klumpfuss: transcription factor - zinc finger - early growth response family - involved in determination of the identities of secondary precursor cells within neuroblast lineages in the central nervous system.
knirps: transcription factor - steroid receptor - zinc finger - a gap gene that later organizes the development of the second wing vein
knot (common alternative name: collier): EBF/Olf-1 homolog, HLH protein - required for the formation of the hypopharyngeal lobe
Krüppel FlyExpress: Kr gap, hindgut and CNS expression: transcription factor - zinc finger transcriptional repressor - gap gene required later for proper generation of neural sublineages
Kruppel homolog 1: zinc finger transcription factor - mediates some of the juvenile hormone signaling in the adult abdominal epidermis; and is upstream of broad in this pathway
kugelei (common alternative names: fat-like, fat2): a cadherin related to Fat - required for the planar polarity of actin filament orientation; at the basal side of ovarian follicle cells - acts non-autonomously in follicle cells in the transmission of polarity information; required for morphogenesis and maintenance of tubular structures of ectodermal origin
kurtz: non-visual β-arrestin that functions in GPCR desensitization - regulates the Hedgehog pathway, the Notch pathway,; MAPK signaling and Toll signaling - modifies exploratory activity and olfactory sensitivity
kuzbanian: disintegrin and metalloprotease motifs - neurogenic gene

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