Alphabetical list of genes

L

labial

transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - involved in head and brain morphogenesis - in the midgut Labial plays a role in determination and differentiation of copper cells

Lachesin

immunoglobulin domain cell adhesion molecule required for the proper morphogenesis of the tracheal system

ladybird early and ladybird late

transcription factors - homeodomain proteins -overlaps expression of wingless in the epidermis - ladybird genes contribute

to the segmentation process and are considered as segment polarity genes

lame duck

zinc finger transcription factor - has an essential regulatory role in the specification and function of fusion-competent myoblasts

Lamin

an intermediate filament protein - chromatin associated protein - Lamin binds to scaffold/matrix-associated regions, DNA sequences that are held responsible

for mediating the interaction between the nuclear matrix and chromatin.

Laminin A

laminin - extracellular matrix protein - plays a role in the pathfinding process of ocellar axons

Laminin B1

extracellular matrix protein - required for normal accumulation of basement membrane components -

involved in morphogenesis of gut, trachea, muscles and nervous system

large tumor suppressor (lats) (preferred name: warts)

kinase - regulates cell cycle - loss of gene function leads to the cell-autonomous formation of epithelial tumors in the adult integumentary structures derived from imaginal discs.

lateral muscles scarcer

homeodomain transcription factor - identity factor for lateral transverse muscles

latheo

ORC3 homolog - regulates DNA replication - also, a presynaptic protein with a role in the Ca2+-dependent synaptic modulation mechanisms necessary for behavioral plasticity

lava lamp

coiled-coil cytoskeletal component involved in cellularization - analysis shows that active Golgi-derived membrane vesicle secretion is essential for cytokinesis

lazaro

lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase that functions during phototransduction - along with rdgA

regulates amplification and response termination during phototransduction

legless

a scaffold protein that physically links Pygopus to ß-catenin - the recruitement of Pygopus permits ß-catenin to activate Wnt target genes

leonardo (preferred name: 14-3-3zeta)

a 14-3-3zeta isoform - a phosphoserine/threonine interacting protein - modifies ras pathway signaling and facilitating olfactory learning

lesswright (common alternative names: Ubc9 and Semushi)

SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme - stabilizes proteins against ubiquitinization and subsequent degradation -

regulates hematopoiesis - holds the Toll pathway in check

let-7 (preferred name: microRNA encoding gene let-7)

encodes an RNA species involved in translational silencing of target mRNAs

lethal (2) giant discs 1 (common alternative name: lethal giant discs)

tumor suppressor - required to restrict the activity of Notch to the D/V boundary of the wing imaginal disc - endosomal transport protein

lethal (2) giant larvae (common alternative name: lethal giant larvae)

novel conserved cytoskeletal element - functions with other tumor suppressors to regulate cell polarity and growth

lethal (3) malignant brain tumor

a chromatin compactor - tumor suppressor - targets Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway - inactivator of germline genes - mutation result in the formation of brain tumors

lethal of scute

transcription factor - basic HLH - proneural gene that is also involved in specification of muscle progenitors

Leucine-rich repeat kinase

a cytoplasmic protein that controls synaptic morphogenesis at the neuromuscular junction targeting distinct downstream effectors

at the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments

Leucokinin receptor

G-protein coupled receptor expressed in brain neurons - regulation of meal size and meal frequency - regulation of fluid balance in Malpighian tubules

Leukocyte-antigen-related-like (common alternative name: Dlar)

transmembrane - receptor tyrosine kinase functioning to regulate axon guidance

licorne

a MAP kinase kinase targeting p38 MAP kinase - licorne mutations provoke polarity defects in the eggshell and embryo, as a result of reduced activity

of two localized determinants: Oskar and Gurken

lilliputian

transcription factor - Fragile X mental retardation 2 (Fmr2) family - Functions in MAPK and Dpp signaling pathways - affects growth, a function associated

with the insulin pathway - affects the cytoskeleton early in development.

Lim1

Lim domain and lim homeodomain protein - expressed in the head primordia, the brain lobes, and in distinct sets of motorneurons and interneurons within

the ventral nerve cord - Lim1 larval mutants have abnormal motor coordination

LIM-kinase1

serine/threonine kinase - functions via cytoskeleton to confer the added synapse-stabilizing activity of the BMP receptor Wishful thinking

Lin-7 (preferred name: veli)

scaffolding protein that acts downstream of Discs large, in conjunction with its binding partner Metro, to control neuromuscular

junction expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

lin-19-like (common alternative name: Cullin1)

a major component of a series of multimeric ubiquitin ligases that control the degradation of a broad range of proteins

lines

novel segment polarity gene - Lines is crucial for completing Wg signal transduction, acting downstream or in parallel to Armadillo

Lipid storage droplet-1 & Lipid storage droplet-2

intracellular neutral lipid droplet storage protein - maintains energy homeostasis

Lipophorin (preferred name: Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein)

bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog

Liprin-α

scaffolding protein that physically interacts with LAR and is essential for R7 axon targeting

liquid facets

an epsin: a family of cargo-selective adapters that link mono-ubiquitinated cell-surface proteins with the endocytic machinery -

regulates Notch ligand Delta's subcellular localization and activity

liquid facets-Related

multi-modular proteins that stimulate clathrin-coated vesicle formation - functions in trans-Golgi network/endosome vesicle trafficking

transports specific cargo critical to one or more signaling pathways - required for egg chamber morphogenesis during oogenesis

Lissencephaly-1

component of Dynein complex, Beta-transducin family Trp-Asp repeats protein - required in the germline for synchronized cystocyte division and oocyte differentiation

little imaginal discs

trimethyl H3K4 demethylase - physically interacts with Myc to regulator Myc-induced cell growth

lkb1

Par-4 kinase - required for the early A-P polarity of the oocyte and for the repolarization of the oocyte cytoskeleton that defines the embryonic A-P axis

Lk6

Serine/Threonine protein kinase that exerts a tight control on eIF4E phosphorylation and is necessary for normal growth and development

Lnk

member of SH2B family of adaptor molecules - interacts with Chico to fulfill an independent but partially redundant function

in the activation of PI3K upon Insulin receptor stimulation - regulates lifespan, metabolism, and stress responses

Lobe

PRAS40 ortholog required for eye cell survival - regulates eye development through the TOR pathway

locomotion defects (common alternative name: loco)

regulators of G-protein signalling (RGS) protein - a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) acting on alpha subunit of G-proteins - Mutant glial cells fail to properly ensheath

longitudinal axon tracts and do not form the normal glial-glial cell contacts, resulting in a disruption of the blood-brain barrier

loki (common alternative name: chk2)

homolog of mammalian Chk2 - a serine/threonine kinase required required for DNA damage-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

lola like

BTB/POZ domain protein - partner of Trithorax-like in maintaining gene repression

longitudinals lacking

transcription factor - zinc finger - btb domain - regulates axon guidance - expressed in both glia and neurons

loquacious

a component of a functional pre-miRNA processing complex - stimulates and directs pre-microRNA processing activity

Lost PHDs of trr (alternative name: Cara mitad)

PHD zinc finger protein - cofactor for Trithorax-related - associates with EcR-USP receptor

and is required for hormone-dependent transcription - required for proper global trimethylation of H3K4

lowfat

conserved protein - regulates Fat signaling - binds to the cytoplasmic domains Dachsous and the Dachsous receptor protein Fat

lozenge

transcription factor - AML-1 homolog - involved in sensillogenesis in antenna - mutants lack basiconic sensilla and some trichoid sensilla

lush

olfactant-binding-protein, lipocalin family - mediates chemosensory responses to alcohols

Lyra

zinc finger - target of proneural genes - expressed and required in the sensory organ precursors for proper proneural gene expression.

M

mad2

mitotic checkpoint protein that blocks mitotic exit by sequestering Cdc20/Fizzy - required to delay progression through early stages of prometaphase

so that cells have time to fully engage the spindle assembly checkpoint

maelstrom

HMG box protein - spindle class protein - potential regulator of RNA processing or subcellular localization

mago nashi

novel protein involved in oogenesis - mutation results from the failure of nuclear migration to the anterodorsal cortex during oogenesis

males absent on the first

histone acetyltransferase involved in dosage compensation

male-specific lethal-1

chromatin component - dosage compensation - basic motif, leucine zipper-like motif, glycine-rich motif protein that directly binds DNA

male-specific lethal-2

chromatin component - ring finger - metallothionein motif - involved in dosage compensation

male-specific lethal 3

chromatin component - dosage compensation - MRG family, chromo-barrel domain

maleless

DEAH-box subfamily ATP-dependent helicase - Mle plays an early role in dosage compensations, perhaps in packaging

roX2 RNA into growing dosage compensation protein complexes

MAP kinase (preferred name: rolled)

Component of Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway - involved in establishment of the dorsoventral polarity of the egg shell and the embryo -

acts in specification of terminal structures immediately after fertilization - Gain-of-function mutants produce extra R7 photoreceptors and extra wing veins

marelle (preferred name: STAT)

transcription factor - stat homolog - cytoplasmic signal transducing protein - regulates the even-skipped stripe 3 promoter

and the pair rule gene runt - central to the establishment of planar polarity during Drosophila eye development

mars

microtubule-associated protein that mediates spatially controlled dephosphorylation of dTACC, which is critical for mitotic spindle stabilization

mastermind

novel - neurogenic - physically interacts with Suppressor of Hairless and Notch functioning as a transcriptional activator for Notch signaling

maternal expression at 31B

A DEAD-box helicase, part of a ribonuclear protein complex, that restricts translation of oocyte-localizing RNAs -

in neurons Me31B acts to promote translational repression and/or mRNA degradation in response to miRNAs

matrimony

signaling protein that interacts with Polo kinase and acts as a negative regulator of Polo during the later stages of G2 arrest

Matrix metalloproteinase 1 and Matrix metalloproteinase 2

enzymes required for several stereotyped motor axon pathfinding decisions and essential for axon fasciculation -

Mmp2 promotes dendrite reshaping through local degradation of the basement membrane - in trachea Mmp2 inhibits FGF

morphogenetic function - Mmp2 is essential for wing imaginal disc:trachea association and air sac tubulogenesis

MBD-like

methyl-DNA binding protein involved in methylation dependent transcriptional repression

Medea

Smad family member - associates with Smad1 in response to BMP2/4 or with Smad2 in response to TGF-beta - dominant negative Smad4 blocks both BMP and activin responses

Megator

signaling protein that promotes the recruitment of Mad2 and Mps1 to unattached kinetochores, mediating normal mitotic duration

and spindle assembly checkpoint response

meiotic 41

ATM/ATR kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase - essential for the DNA damage checkpoint in larval imaginal discs and neuroblasts -

required to delay mitosis in response to incomplete DNA replication in early nuclear divisions - monitors double-strand-break repair during meiotic crossing over

mei-s332 (preferred name: meiotic from Salaria 282)

conserved protein - essential in meiosis for maintaining cohesion at centromeres until sister chromatids separate

at the metaphase II/anaphase II transition

melted

evolutionarily conserved modulator of the insulin/PI3K signaling pathway - mutants mimic the effects of nutrient deprivation

producing adults with 40% less fat than normal

Menin 1

conserved chromatin factor that modulates Jun activity in a manner dependent on the cellular context - tumor suppressor that functions

in maintenance of genomic integrity - controls stress responses

Merlin

ERM family, protein 4.1 superfamily - functions to restrain cell proliferation - a junctional component also associated with endocytosis

metabotropic GABA-B receptor subtype 1

G-protein coupled receptor - expressed by pheromone-sensing olfactory receptor neurons which as a consequence exhibit strong presynaptic inhibition -

mediates inter-glomerular inhibition - responsible for decreased intracellular calcium of clock neurons blocking their calcium cycling

metabotropic glutamate receptor

G-protein coupled receptor - modulates presynaptic excitability properties and synaptic architecture -

acts in conjunction with FMRP to regulate presynaptic properties

Metal response element-binding Transcription Factor-1

zinc finger transcription factor known familiarly as metal transcription factor - controls heavy metal detoxification

Methoprene-tolerant

bHLH-Pas domain transcription factor - involved in juvenile hormone (JH) action as

a likely component of a JH receptor

methuselah

G-protein coupled receptor: mutants have increased longevity, are resistent to stress and have increased body weight

metro

a MAGUK serving as a major binding partner of perisynaptic Dlg at larval neuromuscular junctions - stabilizes Dlg

in a complex with adaptor protein Lin-7 - controls NMJ expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

Mi-2

ATP dependent DNA helicase - Zinc finger, C4HC3 type (PHD finger) - involved in nucleosome mobilization

MICAL

flavoprotein monooxygenase - large, multidomain protein expressed in axons - interacts with the neuronal Plexin A -

enzymatic function required for Semaphorin 1a/PlexA-mediated repulsive axon guidance

Microcephalin

a conserved regulator of cell cycle, co-ordination of centrosome and nuclear division cycles, and maintenance of chromosome condensation

microRNA encoding gene let-7

encodes an RNA species involved in translational silencing of target mRNAs

microRNA encoding gene mir-14

a cell death suppressor - regulates fat metabolism

microtubule star

catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A - regulates asymmetric cell division, cell cycle, Hedgehog pathway, Notch signaling & visual signal transduction

midline and H15

T-box transcription factors that participate in cardiac fate specificity

milton

scaffolding protein that along with Miro forms an essential protein complex that links kinesin heavy chain to mitochondria

for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria - controls the early acquisition of

mitochondria by Drosophila oocytes - contributes to spermatid tail elongation

mind-bomb

E3 ubiquitin ligase - regulates endocytosis of Delta and Serrate

mind the gap

secreted carbohydrate-binding protein involved in synapse assembly -

modifier of signaling by the ligand Jelly belly and its receptor Alk

ming (preferred name: castor)

transcription factor - zinc finger - regulates the development of late CNS sublineages

minibrain

serine/threonine kinase - mutants show an inabillity to generate a sufficient number of optic lobe and central brain neurons during postembryonic development

Minichromosome maintenance 5

AAA+ ATPase family - required in the Mcm complex for licensing and initiating origins of replication - it acts during elongation

as a helicase at the replication forks - acts in meiosis in maturation of double-strand breaks into crossovers

minifly (preferred name: Nucleolar protein at 60B)

pseudouridylate synthase - enzymatically modifies ribosomal RNA - required for maintenance of germ-line stem cells

mini spindles

microtubule plus end binding protein - stimulates microtubule growth, microtubule destabilising activity, mitotic spindle

mir-8 stem loop

acts through U-shaped to activate PI3K, thereby promoting fat cell growth cell-autonomously and enhancing growth non-cell-autonomously -

antagonizes Wg signaling in part by directly targeting wntless, a gene required for Wg secretion

mir-124 stem loop

post-transcriptional regulation, gene silencing by miRNA, negative regulation of synaptic transmission; dendrite morphogenesis, neuroblast proliferation

mir-184

a highly conserved microRNA that is expressed in the female germline and has assumed control over multiple steps

in oogenesis and early embryogenesis

mir-277 stem loop

microRNA that carries out post-transcriptional gene regulation, modulates rCGG repeat-mediated neurodegeneration

and the pathogenesis of FXTAS neurodegenerative disorder by post-transcriptionally regulating the expression of specific mRNAs involved in the disease

miranda

novel - required for subcellular localization of prospero - a target of the asymmetric cell division machinery - involved in the generation of cell diversity in the CNS

mirror

homeodomain - Pbx class - primary determiner of the border between dorsal and ventral halves of the eye

misshapen

SPS1 family kinase - conveys Rac signals to Basket/Jnk during dorsal closure

miti-mere(preferred name: POU domain protein 2)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - collaborates with nubbin during specification of the RP2/sib lineage in Drosophila neurogenesis

Mitochondrial Rho

transmembrane Rho GTPase required for controlling anterograde transport of mitochondria and their proper distribution within nerve terminals

Mnt

bHLH-zipper transcription factor - Max-interacting transcriptional repressor - associates with the Sin3 corepressor

mob as tumor suppressor (common alternative name: mats)

physically associates with cell cycle regulator Warts to stimulate its catalytic activity and associates with tissue polarity factor Tricornered to regulate denticle development

modifier of mdg4

GAGA-like, BTB domain - interacts with suppressor of Hairy wing on gypsy insulator element

modigliani

a novel protein enriched at telomeres that is required to prevent telomeric fusion -

forms a protein complex that is functionally analogous to shelterin

modulo

RRM-containing domain - modifier of PEV promoting chromatin compaction and inactivation - controls cellular growth rate downstream of dMYC

Moesin

the sole Drosophila ERM protein - functions to promote cortical actin assembly and apical-basal polarity

moira

Trithorax-complex protein - SWI3 homolog - chromatin remodeling protein - functions as the Swi3 component of the Brahma complex

moleskin

Importin 7 - functions in nuclear transport of MAPK - surface receptor signaling regulates MAPK localization through the adaptor protein Corkscrew

mon2

a conserved Golgi/endosomal protein - essential factor in anchoring pole plasm components at the oocyte posterior cortex - couples Oskar-induced

endocytosis with actin remodeling for cortical anchorage of the germ plasm - physically interacts with Capuccino and Spire -

promotes the accumulation of the small GTPase Rho1 at the oocyte posterior.

moody

G-protein coupled receptor - expressed in glia and required for blood-brain barrier formation

morula

APC2 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex - regulates protein degradation and cell cycle

Mothers against dpp

novel protein - downstream of DPP - Smad family members convey TGFß signals from their receptors to the nucleus

Mpk2

p38a serine/threonine protein kinase - involved in response stress including heat shock, oxidative stress and starvation

multiple wing hairs

G protein binding-formin homology 3 (GBD-FH3) protein - frizzled pathway - tissue planar cell polarity - regulation of hair initiation - inhibits new hair initiation events

mummy

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase - functions in apical extracellular matrix formation by producing GlcNAc residues

needed for chitin synthesis and protein glycosylation - regulates cuticle production, tracheal morphogenesis, and axon guidance

musashi

RNA binding protein - Notch signaling regulate Msi activity as a translational repressor of Tramtrack in the generation of non-neuronal lineages in during bristle development

muscleblind

RNA splice factor involved in terminal muscle and eye differentiation - mutants model features of myotonic dystrophy

Muscle LIM protein at 60A

cytoskeletal LIM-domain protein, Cys-rich protein - promotes myogenic differentiation

muscle segment homeobox-1 (preferred name: Drop)

transcription factor - homeodomain - confers cell fate on the dorsal (lateral-most) column of neuroblasts during ventral cord development

muscle segment homeobox 2 (preferred name: tinman)

transcription factor - homeodomain - NK2 class - required for heart development

mushroom bodies tiny

PAK kinase - downstream effector of Cdc42 - regulates cell adhesion dependent processes during photoreceptor cell differentiation

mushroom body defect

involved in spindle orientation during asymmetric cell division - asymmetrically localized Partner

of inscuteable-Gαi complexes regulate spindle orientation by directly binding to Mud which in turn binds microtubules

mutagen-sensitive 209 (common alternative name: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen)

Polymerase-delta/epsilon processivity factor - a sliding clamp that encircles DNA and tethers the DNA polymerase catalytic unit to the DNA template

Myb oncogene-like

transcription factor - Myb DNA-binding domain - required for mitosis and prevention of endoreduplication in wing cells

d-myc (preferred name: diminutive)

bHLH - leucine zipper - controls cell cycle progression

Myd88

Death domain protein - Encodes an essential component of the Toll pathway in dorsoventral pattern formation - involved in signal transduction in the immune response

Myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor

interacts with various factors involved in transcriptional regulation, regulates cell proliferation during eye morphogenesis,

Lozenge activity during hematopoetic development and assembly of the COP9 signalosome complex

myoblast city

a docking protein: DOCK180 homolog - essential for myoblast fusion

Myocardin-related transcription factor

conserved cofactor for serum response factor - required for border cell migration during oogenesis -

activation induced by cell stretching - regulates tracheal branching

myocyte enhancer factor 2

transcription factor - mads box - regulates muscle differentiation

myoglianin

secreted Transforming growth factor-beta family ligand - secreted by glial cells

during larval brain development - for neuronal expression of Ecdysone receptor

myopic

signaling protein regulating receptor endocytosis, regulates integrin trafficking, Yorkie endosomal association

and protein levels, the Egfr pathway and the Toll pathway

myospheroid

transmembrane - integrin-beta subunit of PS1 & PS2 - Integrins are used to attach mesoderm to ectoderm and are required for the proper assembly

of the extracellular matrix and for muscle attachment

myosin II (preferred name: zipper)

non-muscle myosin - required for cell motility

Myosin binding subunit

regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase - involved in dorsal closure

unconventional myosin 10A

cytoskeletal motor protein required during dorsal closure for the correct alignment of cells on opposing sides

of the fusing epithelial sheets and for adhesion of the cells during the final zippering/fusion phase

Myosin 31DF

cytoskeletal motor protein required in the hindgut epithelium and testes for normal embryonic handedness (left-right asymmetry)

Myosin 61F

motor protein present within the microvillus of the gut apical brush border where it forms lateral tethers

between the microvillus membrane and underlying actin filament core - maintains structural integrity of the brush border domain enterocyte -

provides resistance against oral infection by bacterial pathogens

Myt1

Wee1-like kinase that specifically regulates Cdk1 (Cdc2) activity in the cytoplasm

N

nab

transcriptional cofactor - co-activator of Squeeze in CNS neurons - co-repressor of Rotund in wing

naked cuticle

EF-hand calcium-binding domain protein involved in Wingless pathway

nanos

translational repressor - zinc finger - targets Hunchback and Bicoid mRNAs to achieve posterior identity

nautilus

transcription factor - myo D homolog - myogenic bHLH factor

Nedd2-like caspase

cysteine protease - a functional homolog of CED-3/caspase-9 - involved in programd cell death

Negative elongation factor E

RNA-binding protein - along with other factors, NELF causes polymerase to pause in the promoter proximal region of heat shock genes

neither inactivation nor afterpotential C (common alternative name: NinaC)

motor domain protein involved in adaptation during visual signal transduction - regulates of translocation

of Arrestin2 - required for stability of INAD and PKC

Neither inactivation nor afterpotential E (common alternative name: Rh1)

rhodopsin expressed in photoreceptors R1-R6, response to light intensity, phototransduction, thermotaxis

nejire

CBP, a transcriptional co-activator that interacts with a large number of developmentally important transcription factors

nemo

protein serine/threonine kinase involved in establishing epithelial planar polarity

NEM-sensitive fusion protein 2

developmentally regulated N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) gene - mutants are defective in the synaptic growth and maturation that occurs during larval development

nervana 1 and nervana 2

β subunit of Na,K-ATPase, plays an ion-pump-independent role in junction formation and tracheal morphogenesis

nervous fingers 1

zinc finger transcription factor required for the proper development of CNS commissural and connective axon fascicles

nervous wreck

a member of a family of adaptor proteins - controls synapse morphology by interacting with Wasp - regulates actin dynamics

nervy

probable transcriptional co-repressor- described as an AKAP binding protein, zinc finger protein expressed in the CNS and involved in axon guidance

net

bHLH transcription factor - promotes vein production in the wing

Netrin-A and Netrin-B

secreted factors that provide instructive guidance cues in axonogenesis

neuralized

cytoplasmic zinc finger signaling protein - neurogenic - promotes or modulates the Notch neurogenic signal at the receptor/ligand level

Neural Lazarillo

Lipocalin family member, a homologue of vertebrate Apolipoprotein D and Retinol Binding Protein 4, required for JNK-mediated stress and starvation tolerance,

negatively regulates Insulin signaling, disrupting glucose homeostasis, repressing growth, and extending lifespan

Neurexin 1

ligand of neuroligins involved in development and function of synaptic architecture in the brain and neuromuscular junction - glutamergic synapse

Neurexin IV

multifunctional protein required for structural integrity of septate junctions

Neurofibromin 1

GAP-related domain protein functioning in the PKA pathway - critical to the biochemical processes underlying olfactory learning

Neuroglian

IG superfamily - NgCAM related - a cell aggregaton and signaling molecule that transmits the positional value of cell adhesion

to the cytoplasmic assembly of ankyrin and spectrin

neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-2

Postsynaptic receptor that interacts with presynaptic Neurexins - recruits scaffolding proteins for organization of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors -

mediates the precise apposition of presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes

neuropeptide F

peptide hormone - developmentally programmed to modify foraging and social behavior in Drosophila larvae

Neuropilin and tolloid-like (common alternative name: Neto)

transmembrane protein - auxiliary subunit of ionic Glutamate receptor required for clustering of ionotropic glutamate receptors

at the neuromuscular junction, for organization of postsynaptic densities and for synapse functionality

Neurotactin

transmembrane serine esterase homolog - Mutations in Neurotactin frequently cause defasciculation of the normally tightly associated ocellar pioneer axons

neurotic (preferred name: O-fucosyltransferase 1)

modifies Notch by attaching fucose within EGF domains - positively required for Notch signaling,

essential for the physical interaction of Notch with its ligand Delta and for the ability of Fringe to modulate this interaction

Neurotrophin 1

secreted ligand that maintains neuronal survival - expression rescues naturally occurring cell death and enables targeting by motor neurons

nicastrin

component of a proteolytic complex, along with Presenilin, that targets Notch and ß amyloid protein - Zn-dependent exopeptidase

Niemann-Pick Type C-1

a transmembrane protein related to the Hedgehog receptor Patched - mutants have a shortage of sterol, and, as a consequence, inadequate ecdysone synthesis

Niemann-Pick Type C-2

lysosomal cholesterol-binding protein that functions redundantly with npc2b in regulating sterol homeostasis and ecdysteroid biosynthesis

Nijmegen breakage syndrome

encodes a multifunctional protein that plays critical roles in the response to DNA damage and telomere maintenance -

part of a protein complex, MRN, that senses DNA strand breaks and amplifies the signal and then conveys it to

downstream effectors, such as ATM and p53, that regulate cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair

Nimrod C1

EGF-like repeat transmembrane protein located on phagocytic cells - mediates resistence to bacteria

Nipped-A

Homologue of the yeast Tra1 and human TRRAP proteins - a key component of both the SAGA and Tip60 (NuA4) chromatin-modifying complexes -

required for Mastermind function during wing development

Nipped-B

a DNA-binding transcription factor regulates gene expression by controlling cohesin dynamics - regulates of sister chromatid cohesion

Nitric oxide synthase

Ca++/Calmodulin sensitive enzyme - ectopic expression of NOS at the late stages of larval development results in a decrease in cell proliferation

and a reduction in the size of the adult fly's structures

NK1 (preferred name: slouch, common alternative name: S59)

transcription factor - homeodomain - NK-1 class - maintenance of slouch is directly involved in the control of late aspects of muscle development,

such as muscle differentiation and morphogenesis, and possibly also innervation

NK2 (preferred name: ventral nervous system defective)

transcription factor - homeodomain - NK2 class - required for the formation of a subset of segmental neuroblasts, and possibly as a neuroectodermal committment gene

- upstream of proneural achaete-scute complex.

Nkx6 (preferred name: HGTX)

homeobox, NK decapeptide domain transcription factor - acts within a subclass of early born neurons to link

neuronal subtype identity to neuronal morphology and connectivity

NMDA receptor 1 and NMDA receptor 2

voltage/Mg²⁺-dependent Ca²⁺ channels activated by glutamate - required for olfactory learning

no circadian temperature entrainment

large glutamate-rich protein involved in temperature synchronization of behavioral activity

no mechanoreceptor potential C

a mechanosensitive Ca²⁺ TRP family channel, mediates locomotion related proprioception (touch sensation)

in PNS localized neurons - mediates sound detection in Johnston's organ

non-claret disjunctional

cytoskeletal motor protein - minus end directed kinesin - involved in spindle dynamics during meiosis and mitosis

non-stop

ubiquitin-specific protease involved in glial development - effects axon guidance

no-on-and-no-off transient C

a regulatory kinase of the nonsense-mediated decay pathway - acts to regulate proper mRNA translation to safeguard synapse morphology and

maintain the efficacy of synaptic function

no poles

E3 ubiquitin ligase required for the preservation of genomic integrity during early embryogenesis

no receptor potential A

phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C used in visual and odor signal transduction

Notch

transmembrane receptor - neurogenic - responsible for lateral inhibition and cell fate choices

not enough muscle (preferred name: inscuteable)

novel protein - SH3 binding domain, ankyrin repeats and cytoskeletal attachment domain - controller of cell fate during asymmetric cell division

Notum (common alternative name: wingful)

alpha/ß-hydrolase - Wingless antagonist - acts to induce cleavage of the Dlp glypican at the level of its GPI anchor leading to shedding of Dlp -

spatially regulated modification of Dlp by Notum employs the ligand binding activity of Dlp to promote or inhibit signaling in a context-dependent manner

n-synaptobrevin

a v-SNARE - a vesicular protein that plays a key role during synaptic vesicle exocytosis - involved in a neuron-specific

sort-and-degrade mechanism that protects neurons from degeneration

nubbin (preferred name: POU domain protein 1)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - involved in cell fate determination of a subset of temporally determined neural subtypes

nuclear fallout

pericentrosomal protein which, along with Rab11, is involved in membrane trafficking and actin remodeling

during membrane furrow formation during cellularization - involved in endosomal-mediated membrane delivery to the site of furrow formation

nuclear untranslated RNA gene iab-4 (common alternative name: infraabdominal)

directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,

the transformation of halteres into wings

Nucleolar protein at 60B (common alternative name: minifly)

pseudouridylate synthase - enzymatically modifies ribosomal RNA - required for maintenance of germ-line stem cells

Nucleoporin 44A (alternative name: Seh1)

component of a nucleoporin subcomplex - a binding parter of Missing oocyte; regulates nuclear architecture and meiotic progression in early ovarian cysts

Nucleosome assembly protein 1

Histone chaperone - chromatin assembly

Nucleostemin3

GTPase that acts in serotonergic neurons to regulate insulin signaling and thus exert global growth control

nudel

serine protease - docking protein - dorsal group - part of a signaling cascade that determines dorsal/ventral polarity of the embryo

nullo

novel myristoylprotein with a cluster of basic amino acids present in the basal junction and required for its formation at the onset of cellularization

numb

signaling protein - targeted by Notch signaling - involved in determination of alternate cell fates

Numb-associated kinase

A component of the endocytic pathway - regulates Neuroglian endocytosis during dendritic extension - regulates Discs large localization

in salivary gland cells - antagonizes the function of Numb and consequently regulates asymmetric cell division

NURF301 (preferred name: Enhancer of bithorax)

major subunit of nucleosome remodeling factor (nurf) - multiple domain protein with HMGI/Y and bromodomain motifs

O

ocelliless

transcription factor - homeodomain - paired-like - acts in a combinatorial fashion with the cephalic gap genes empty spiracles and buttonhead to assign

segmental identities in the head and brain

Octopamine receptor in mushroom bodies

G-protein coupled receptor - activated in mated females and functions during ovulation

in the oviduct epithelium to facilitate egg-laying - expressed in mushroom bodies

odd-skipped

transcription factor - zinc finger - pair rule gene - mutants associated with cuticle defects that are limited to alternate--odd-numbered--segments

odd-paired

transcription factor - zinc finger - pair rule gene - required for the timely activation of engrailed and wingless during segmentation

Odorant receptor 22a and Odorant receptor 22b

G-protein coupled receptors - Or22a responds to ethyl butyrate - localized to dendritic membranes of 22 cells of the basomedial region of the antenna

Odorant receptor 65a

G-protein coupled receptor - courtship behavior - confers aversive response to cis-vaccenyl acetate

Odorant receptor 67d

G-protein coupled receptor - courtship behavior - the male-specific pheromone 11-cVA acts through Or67d to regulate both male and female mating behavior

Odorant receptor 83b

G-protein coupled receptor - broadly expressed receptor of unknown function - required for dendritic localization of conventional odorant receptors -

mutation disrupts behavioral and electorphysiological responses to many odorants

off-schedule

functions as translation initiation factor eIF4G during spermatogenesis to coordinate the initiation of meiotic division and differentiation

off-track

CCK-4 family of 'dead' receptor tyrosine kinases, Ig-domains - required for lamina-specific targeting of R1-R6 axons -

associates with Plexin, the receptor for Semaphorin ligand

O-fucosyltransferase 1 (alternative name: neurotic)

modifies Notch by attaching fucose within EGF domains - positively required for Notch signaling,

essential for the physical interaction of Notch with its ligand Delta and for the ability of Fringe to modulate this interaction

okra

DNA helicase involved in DNA repair - required for meiosis - the Drosophila homolog of the yeast DNA-repair protein Rad54

onecut

homeodomain and cut domain - regulates some aspects of neural differentiation or maintenance

Optix

homeodomain and Six domain - involved in eye morphogenesis by an eyeless-independent mechanism

optomotor-blind

transcription factor - brachyury T homolog - involved in differentiation of the brain, the CNS, the wing and in patterning of adult abdominal segments

optomotor-blind-related-gene-1

T-box transcription factor - involved in the combinatorial activation of somatic muscle lineage-specific targets -

visceral mesoderm - gain of function causes antenna-to-leg transformations and shortened leg

Ora transientless

histamine-gated chloride channel required for synaptic transmission at the photoreceptor-large monopolar cells synapse and

for orientation and motion vision - responsible for synaptic transients in electroretinograms -

modulates temperature preference and controls tolerance of low and high temperature

olf186-F (common alternative name: Orai)

store-operated Ca²⁺ channel involved in rhythmic firing of the flight motoneurons - physically interacts with

the Ca²⁺ store sensor Stim (Stromal interaction molecule) to form the Ca²⁺ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel

Olig family

HLH transcription factor expressed in the brain and CNS - motor neuron identify factor - regulates axon guidance

orb

RRM - RNA binding protein - Drosophila's cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) -

functions in the transport of mRNAs coding for two essential proteins that govern polarity in the egg:

Oskar, an anterior/posterior determinate and Gurken, a dorsal/ventral determinant

orb2

cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein - RNA binding protein - forms amyloid-like oligomers enriched in the synaptic membrane - critical for the persistence of long-term memory

Orbit (preferred name: Chromosome bows)

microtubule-associated protein that plays an essential role facilitating the kinetochore-microtubule interaction -

maternially it facilitates multiple interactions of the fusome with mitotic spindles and ring canals -

zygotically it mediates the action of Slit and its receptors acting as a partner of the Abelson tyrosine kinase

orientation disrupter

rapidly evolving gene - involved in meiotic cohesion, chromosome core maintenance and homologous recombination

Origin recognition complex subunit 1

A subunit of the Origin recognition complex, regulating the initiation of DNA replication - Orc1 is degraded by APC

at the cell's exit from mitosis and reaccumulates at the end of G₁

Origin recognition complex 2

A subunit of the Origin recognition complex, involved in initiation of DNA replication

Origin recognition complex subunit 6

A DNA-binding protein that functions as subunit of the Origin recognition complex - involved in initiation of DNA replication -

facilitates GTPase activity and filament formation of the septin complex

Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (common alternative name: gutfeeling)

modifies the activity of Ornithine decarboxylase - regulates the nuclear entry and overall levels of Sex-lethal in early germ cells.

orthodenticle

transcription factor - homeodomain - paired-like - acts in a combinatorial fashion with the cephalic gap genes empty spiracles and buttonhead to assign

segmental identities in the head and brain

osa (common alternative name: eyelid)

transcription factor - Bright family - associates with the Brahma chromatin remodeling complex - antagonizes Wingless signaling

during Drosophila development and affects patterning of the eye imaginal disc

oskar

novel - assembles germ plasm - a anterior/posterior determinant regulating embryonic development

Otefin

a nuclear lamin that is essential for germline stem cell maintenance - physically interacts with Medea/Smad4

at the bam silencer element to regulate GSC fate

outstretched

a novel ligand - potential activator of JAK/STAT signaling pathway - mutation results in the stripe-specific loss of expression of even-skipped,

fushi tarazu, and runt

ovarian tumor

novel protein required in oogenesis - ensures the survival of female germ cells in pupae, cyst formation in germ-line cells, the attainment

of mature chromosome structure in nurse cells and egg maturation.

ovo

zinc finger transcription factor - involved in ovarian maturation, sex determination, segment polarity

P

p38a (preferred name: Mpk2)

p38a serine/threonine protein kinase - involved in response stress including heat shock, oxidative stress and starvation

p38b

a MAP kinase involved in transforming growth factor beta superfamily signal transduction in Drosophila wing morphogenesis

p53

DNA repair pathway and apoptosis transcription factor

Pabp2

poly(A) binding protein - functions in nuclear polyadenylation - cytoplasmic PABP2 acts to shorten the poly(A) tails of specific mRNAs

Paf1

Part of a protein complex that directs the histone methyltransferase activity and links active transcription and modifications of chromatin structure.

painless

calcium channel - nociceptor - mutant is pain response defective

paired

transcription factor - homeodomain - paired domain - plays a decisive role in the progression of a regulatory hierarchy from pair-rule directed segmentation of the embryo

to the subdivision carried out by segment polarity genes specifying positional information within segments

Paired box neuro

transcription factor - paired domain - induces production of poly-innervated external sense organs

PAK-kinase

p21-activated kinase - signal transduction protein functioning downstream of rac - required for growth cone guidance

pale

tyrosine hydroxylase - catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis - mediates the oxidation of tyrosine to L-DOPA -

DOPA decarboxylase may then metabolize L-DOPA to dopamine

palisade

multi-domain protein that acts during oogenesis to coordinate assembly of the vitelline membrane -

required for functional properties of the eggshell

pangolin

transcription factor - HMG domain - segment polarity - acts to transduce the Wingless signal

pan gu

serine/threonine kinase - inhibits DNA replication in the unfertilized egg and permits the accumulation of Cyclin B during early mitotic divisions

pannier (common alternative name: dGATAa)

transcription factor - zinc finger - GATA family - a local repressor of achaete and scute - required for the normal pattern

of sensory bristles in those parts of the dorsal epithelium

par-1

serine/threonine kinase involved in cell polarization during asymmetric cell division

par-6

PDZ domain protein required for asymmetric cell division of neuroblasts and for the maintenance of oocyte cell fate

PAR-domain protein 1

PAR-domain bZIP transcription factor - controls skeletal muscle genes during differentiation - regulates expression of the Tropomyosin I gene

in somatic body-wall and pharyngeal muscles

parkin

ubiquitin protein ligase - degrades proteins with aberrant conformations - mutants exhibit muscle degeneration, male sterility, and defects in brain dopaminergic cells

partner of drosha

double-stranded RNA-binding protein - essential for the biogenesis of canonical miRNAs - required for imaginal disc growth

partner of inscuteable

involved in asymmetric cell divisions and establishment of cell polarity

partner of numb

adaptor protein that physically associates with and regulates Numb - Polo can inhibit progenitor self-renewal by directly phosphorylating Partner of numb

patched

transmembrane - segment polarity gene - receptor for Hedgehog

Patj

PDZ-domain junctional protein involved in assembling a protein complex that functions in planar cell polarity

pavarotti

a kinesin motor protein - required both to establish the structure of the telophase spindle to provide a framework for assembly of the contractile ring

and to mobilize mitotic regulator proteins

Paxillin

cytoskeletal adaptor that couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton in focal adhesions - positively regulates Rac

and negatively regulating Rho - regulates actin dynamics and cell adhesion during muscle fusion -

targeted by JNK in the regulation of border-cell cluster integrity during oogenesis

Pcaf (common alternative name: Gcn5)

a major histone H3 acetylase in Drosophila that plays a key role in the control

of specific morphogenetic cascades during developmental transitions

Pcf11

RNA binding motif protein - dismantles elongation complexes by a RNA Polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) dependent mechanism

- forms a bridge between the CTD and RNA

pch2

conserved AAA+ ATPase that participates in a double strand break independent meiotic prophase checkpoint

pco (preferred name: Enhancer of zeste)

transcription factor - polycomb group with trithorax homology - chromatin associated

PDGF- and VEGF-receptor related

Ig C-2 type domain receptor tyrosine kinase - required for border cell migration

PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 1

ligands that orchestrate migratory patterns of hemocytes at the embryonic ventral midline - essential cell autonomously

for proper positioning of the salivary glands - border cell migration

PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 2 and PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 3

ligands that orchestrate migratory patterns of hemocytes at the embryonic ventral midline -

essential cell autonomously for proper positioning of the salivary glands

pdm-1 (preferred name: POU domain protein 1)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - controls cell fate of a subset of temporally born neurons

pdm-2 (preferred name: POU domain protein 2)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - collaborates with nubbin/pdm-1 during specification of the RP2/sib lineage in Drosophila neurogenesis

peanut

a septin functioning in organizing the cytoskeleton during cytokinesis and septum formation

pebble

a Rho GEF required for the formation of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis

pebbled

multiple zinc finger transcription factor - plays a permissive role facilitating the process of germ band retraction

pecanex

a component of the Notch signaling pathway - a transmembrane protein required for ER function - potentially required in Notch

signal-receiving cells for processing of Notch protein

pelle

s/t kinase - dorsal group - involved in signal transduction during induction of dorsal/ventral polarity during early embryogenesis

pelota

RNA binding motif protein - controls germ-line stem cell self-renewal by repressing a differentiation pathway, possibly through regulating translation

Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC

transmembrane receptor involved in antimicrobial response, recognizes bacterial toxins, tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), expressed in fat body and midgut

Peptidylglycine-alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase

an enzyme involved in producing amidated neuropeptides - amidated secretory peptides are required for signaling

events that ensure progression through several critical developmental transitions

perdido (common alternative name: Kon-tiki)

conserved multi-domain transmembrane receptor required cell autonomously for myotubes to recognize their tendon cell targets - signals through the intracellular adaptor

Grip in a conserved molecular pathway

pericentrin-like protein (preferred name: cp309)

PACT domain protein - associated with both the centrioles and pericentriolar material -

essential for the formation of functional cilia and flagella

period

transcription factor - pas domain protein - regulates the diurnal photoperiod response of adult flies

persephone

trypsin-like serine protease - specific for fungal detection in a cascade activated by secreted fungal proteases and required

for the sensing of proteases elicited by bacteria in the hemolymph - acts downstream of pattern recognition receptors and upstream of Toll

PHD finger protein 7 ortholog

chromatin component - conserved epigenetic 'reader' that activates the male germline sexual program -

binds histone H3 N-terminal tails with a preference for dimethyl lysine 4

Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 59F

regulates intracellular vesicular transport of proteins at distinct membrane domains through production of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate -

interacts with Rabenosyn-5 which carries out a subset of Pi3K59 functions - promotes autophagy and endocytosis

Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 92E

signal transduction - influence cell growth functioning as a target of the insulin pathway

phosphatidylserine receptor

nuclear protein that acts through the c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase pathway to alter the sensitivity to cell death

phyllopod

novel target of ras pathway - protein degradation cofactor

pickled eggs

Gas2-like protein functioning during oogenesis and mesodermal development -

acts downstream of Notch and restrict Notch activation to appropriate levels

pickpocket

subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) family - plays an essential role in controlling rhythmic locomotion by providing mechanosensory signal

transduction of proprioceptive sensory information

pickpocket 23, pickpocket 25 and pickpocket 29

DEG/ENaC sodium channel subunit - required for activation of courtship behavior by chemosensory perception of female pheromones

pickpocket 28

amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel - osmosensitive ion channel that mediates response to water -

expressed in labellar gustatory chemosensory bristles

pico

signal transduction - molecular adaptor that links EGFR activation to mitogenic SRF signaling via changes in actin dynamics -

required for cell growth and proliferation

Pi4KIIα

Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII) produces the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, a key regulator

of membrane trafficking - critical for apical membrane transport events required for rhabdomere biogenesis

Pigment-dispersing factor

neuropeptide involved in the photoperiod response

piRNA methyltransferase

RNA methyltransferase - carries out methylation of small interfering RNAs, the final step in assembly of RISC occurring

after the Argonaute-bound siRNA duplex is converted to single-stranded RNA

pimples

novel protein required for sister chromatid separation in mitosis - shares functional similarities to securin a protein that acts to premature activation of separins

pipe

heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase - functions in follicle cells to set up the spatially restricted signal responsible

for activating the spatially delimited protease cascade triggering Toll and the establishment

of dorsal/ventral polarity during early development.

pipsqueak

BTB domain & Psq motif transcription factor that targets a Polycomb group protein complex to Polycomb response elements

pita (alternative name: spotted dick)

zinc finger transcription factor that serves as an activator of expression of a set of genes required for initiation of DNA replication

pitchoune

DEAD-box RNA helicase - a target of myc suggesting that myc might cell proliferation by activating genes that are required in protein biosynthesis

piwi

a novel protein involved in stem cell renewal and asymmetric cell division

pleiohomeotic

zinc finger - Polycomb group - the first Polycomb group member to be identified as a DNA binding protein -

targets Polycomb response elements involved in gene silencing

plexin A

semaphorin domain protein, semaphorin receptor - involved in axon guidance

plexin B

semaphorin domain protein, receptor for the secreted semaphorin Sema-2a -

regulates axon extension from the sensory neuron cell body in regions of direct contact with oenocytes

pod-1

WD repeat protein - crosslinks actin and microtubules - proper levels of Pod-1 must be maintained in the growth cone for correct axon guidance

poils au dos

zinc finger transcription factor - repressor of achaete and scute during bristle development

pointed

transcription factor - ets family - a target of Egf signaling - required for the differentiation of glial cells in the ventral nerve cord -

required downstream of Ras in the development of the eye

pokkuri (preferred name: anterior open, common alternative name: yan)

ets domain transcription factor - target of Ras pathway that serves to inhibit neural and other types of differentiation

pole hole (common alternative name: raf)

serine/threonine-protein kinase - an effector of Ras - directs the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival

pollux

novel cell surface receptor, leucine zipper protein - signaling protein with a potential involvement in exocytosis - involved in tracheal development

polo

protein kinase - regulates mitosis - participates in the control of mitotic progression by targeting Cdc25/String

poly(A) polymerase (preferred name: hiiragi)

involved in both nuclear and cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNA

Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase

enzyme that attaches ADP-ribose moiety to histone - promotes chromatin silencing by regulating the localization and function of SIR2

polyA-binding protein

RNA-binding protein involved in translational regulation and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

polychaetoid

scaffolding protein, PDZ domain protein, MAGUK - involved in sensory organ development - mutations have a neurogenic effect

Polycomb

transcription factor - chromo domain - Polycomb group - chromatin associated protein - involved in gene silencing

Polycomblike

a member of a distinct chromatin complex - functions downstream of Pleiohomeotic in the assembly of a repressive complex

that generates high levels of H3-K27 trimethylation in Polycomb target genes

polyhomeotic proximal & distal

transcription factor - zinc finger - Polycomb group - maintain the repression of hedgehog in the anterior cells abutting

the anterior-posterior boundary of the developing wing

poly-U-binding splicing factor

RNA recognition motif protein - functions in both constitutive and alternative splicing - required during oogenesis

porcupine

O-acyltransferase activity - mediates lipidation of Wingless, which targets Wingless to secretory vesicles that deliver the ligand

to specialized microdomains at the cell surface where it can be packaged for secretion

Posterior sexcombs

transcription factor - zn finger-ring motif-Polycomb group - Psc is a component of Suppressor of zeste 2 complex - recruits functional PcG-silencing complexes

pou domain motif 3

Pou domain transcription factor required for odor response in a class of olfactory receptor neurons

POU domain protein 1 (pdm-1)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - involved in cell fate determination of a subset of temporally determined neural subtypes

POU domain protein 2 (pdm-2)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - along with pdm-1 involved in cell fate determination

of a subset of temporally determined neural subtypes

Pox meso

Pax family transcription factor - demarcates the 'Poxm competence domain', a domain of competence for ventral and lateral muscle development

and for the determination of at least some adult muscle precursor cells

preli-like

conserved transmembrane mitochondrial protein that regulates mitochondrial activity - important for growth and integrity of dendritic branches

Pre-mRNA cleavage complex 2 protein Pcf11

forms a bridge between the RNA polymerase C-terminal domain and RNA- dismantles elongation

complexes by a C-terminal domain-dependent but nucleotide-independent mechanism

Presenilin

transmembrane protein involved in proteolysis of Notch - also processes betaAPP

prickle

LIM domain protein - a tissue polarity protein

proboscipedia

transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - required for the formation of labial and

maxillary palps - represses leg development in proboscis

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (preferred name: Mutagen-sensitive 209)

Polymerase-delta/epsilon processivity factor - a sliding clamp that encircles DNA and tethers the DNA polymerase catalytic unit to the DNA template

prominin (common alternative name: eyes closed)

a fly homolog of p47, a protein co-factor of the p97 ATPase involved in membrane fusion - mutation results in a lethal failure

of nuclear envelope assembly in early zygotic divisions and results in defective photoreceptor morphogenesis

prospero

transcription factor - novel homeodomain - represses neuroblast cell fate - initiates development of gangleon mother cell fate

Protein Kinase A (preferred name: cAMP-dependent protein kinase 1, common alternative name: DC0)

catalytic subunit of PKA - involved in Hedgehog signaling pathway and functions in learning in the adult

Protein Kinase C

serine/threonine kinase, diacylglycerol binding protein - flies expressing a PKC pseudosubstrate show an alteration in performance in courtship conditioning;

they fail to show immediate suppression of courtship, a trait exhibited by normal flies

atypical protein kinase C

kinase regulating asymmetic cell division

Protein phosphatase 2A at 85F (preferred name: twins)

B subunit of PP2A - four independent defects have been associated with mutant PP2A; defective mitosis, defective cell fate determination in the PNS,

alteration of patterning in the wing, and interferance in Ras pathway function in eye morphogenesis

Protein phosphatase 2B at 14D (alternative name: Calcineurin)

Calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase - negatively regulates Egf receptor signaling

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4E

broadly expressed type III receptor tyrosine phosphatase closely related to Ptp10D - shows synthetic phenotypes with other Pdps

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 10D

receptor tyrosine phosphatase - required for embryonic and larval axon guidance - along with Ptp69D regulates segregation

of the young axons into a single core bundle in the larval mushroom body - mutants are defective in long-term memory formation

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 69D

receptor tyrosine phosphatase involved in axon guidance

Prothoracicotropic hormone

developmental timing cue involved in promoting larval development and eclosion

pr-set

Set domain protein - methyltransferase that targets Histone H4 - helps maintain silent chromatin by a histone modification
that precludes neighboring acetylation of the H4 tail

Pten

lipid and protein phosphatase acting in insulin pathway

PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (commonly known as Pink1)

promotes mitochondrial fragmentation by targeting core components of the mitochondrial morphogenesis

machinery for ubiquitination - negatively regulates mitochondrial fusion - a fruitfly model for Parkinson's disease

ptip

BRCT (BRCA1 carboxy terminal) domain protein that can bind to phosphorylated serine residues - chromatin-binding protein implicated in epigenetic control

of development and differentiation - potential trithorax gene cofactor - potential interactor with transcription factors that also serves as a modifier of histones

Ptpmeg

protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in neuronal circuit formation the central brain - regulates establishment

and the stabilization of axonal projection patterns

puckered

dual specificity phosphatase KH-1 subfamily - JNK specific phosphatase functioning in dorsal closure

pumilio

novel posterior group gene - binds and regulates Hunchback mRNA

pumpless

glycine cleavage system H protein - involved in appetite control

punt

receptor for Dpp - type II TGFß receptor - punt lack Ultrabithorax and dpp expression in the visceral mesoderm and fail to induce labial in the adjacent endodermal cells

putzig

zinc finger transcription factor that acts as key regulator of cell proliferation and as a positive of Notch target genes -

physically interacts with DREF and TRF2 to activate replication-related genes

PvuII-PstI homology 13

homeodomain transcription expressed in the developing eye - required for rhabdomere morphogenesis and proper detection of light

pygopus

nuclear PHD-finger protein - a core component of the Wingless signaling pathway that acts downstream of or at the level of Pangolin

pyramus and thisbe

FGFs involved in mesodermal development - ligands for Heartless

Q

quick-to-court

an alpha-helical coiled-coiled protein - mutants exhibit altered male courtship behavior

quiver (common alternative name: sleepless)

an Ly-6/Neurotoxin family member - a novel potassium channel subunit that regulates levels, localization, and activity of Shaker - regulates sleep

R

Rabenosyn-5

required for endocytosis - a Rab5 effector that bridges an interaction between Rab5 and the Sec1/Munc18-family protein Vps45 -

required for vesicle fusion to form early endosomes

Rab-protein 3

Rab family GTPase necessary for the induction and expression of synaptic homeostasis - dynamically controls

the composition of the presynaptic release machinery

Rab-protein 5

Rab family GTPase - required for fusion of endocytic vesicles with endosomes - required for endocytosis of vesicles at the synapse -

required for tracheal maturation - regulates JAK/STAT activity, functions in endosomal transport to promotes wingless signaling -

promotes F-actin reorganization in oogenesis

Rab-protein 6

small GTPase required for membrane trafficking - required for organization and growth of the egg chamber and the polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton and

localization of oskar mRNA - involved in trafficking Notch protein during bristle development and rhodopsin the the eye

Rab-protein 11

Rab family GTPase - required in endocytic recycling and in the organization of posterior membrane compartments during oogenesis -

functions in membrane trafficking during furrow formation during cellularization -

functions in post-Golgi transport of rhodopsin to the rhabdomeric membranes of photoreceptors, and in analogous transport processes in other cells

Rab23

Ras-like ATPase, vesicular protein, regulates planar cellular polarity, cuticular hair, contributes to inhibition

of hair formation at positions outside of the distal vertex of cells

Rac1

GTPase of the Ras superfamily - regulates cytoskeletal dynamics

RacGAP50C

cytoskeletal regulator required for cytokinesis - connects the contractile ring to cortical microtubules at the site of furrowing in dividing cells -

negatively regulates the wingless pathway during Drosophila embryonic development - required for neuroblast proliferation and limits axon growth

Rad21 (preferred name: verthandi)

constituent of the cohesin complex, functions in chromosome cohesion, spindle morphology, dynamics of a chromosome passenger protein,

and stability of the cohesin complex

Rad51-like (common alternative name: spindle A)

checkpoint protein essential for recombinational repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) in somatic cells and during meiosis in germ cells

radish

rapidly evolving gene encoding a protein that contains multiple phosphorylation sites - required for anaesthesia resistent memory

raf (preferred name: pole hole)

serine/threonine-protein kinase - an effector of Ras - directs the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway to regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival

Ral (preferred name: Ras-related protein)

Ras-like GTPase - counters apoptotic programs to support cell fate determination by acting as a negative regulator of JNK activity

and a positive activator of p38 MAP kinase

ran

Ran GTPase activity required nucleo-cytoplasmic transport - also required for microtubule organization during mitosis

and for alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate

Ras oncogene at 85D (common alternative name: Ras1)

ras homolog - establishes follicular cell fate during oogenesis, functions in Torso signal transduction, functions downstream EGF-R in the establishment

of ventral ectoderm fate, functions downstream of Breathless in tracheal and midline glia migration, functions downstream of FGF receptor

in muscle precursors and in the central nervous system, functions downstream of the EGF-R and Sevenless in differentiation in photoreceptors

Ras-related protein

Ras-like GTPase - counters apoptotic programs to support cell fate determination by acting as a negative regulator of JNK activity

and a positive activator of p38 MAP kinase

rasp (common alternative names: Sightless and Skinny hedgehog)

acetyltransferase acting to acylate Hedgehog or to promote other modifications or trafficking events necessary for Hedgehog function

raw

a novel gene product required to limit AP-1 activity to leading edge epidermal cells during embryonic dorsal closure

reaper

pro-apoptotic protein - action inhibited by inhibitors of apoptosis

Regulator of cyclin A1

a novel signaling protein that prevents cyclin degredation in G2 by interacting with Fizzy-related - inhibits Fizzy-related's activation of

protein degradation machinery - mutants exhibit premature cyclin destruction

recombination-defective

mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) family protein - facilitates repair synthesis during meiotic recombination

Relish

Ankyrin-repeat and NFkappaB domain protein - a key factor in the induction of the humoral immune response in Drosophila,

including antibacterial as well as antifungal factors

Reptin

member of AAA+ family of ATPases - DNA helicase - participates in epigenetic processes

leading to a repressive chromatin state as part of the TIP60 HAT complex

Resistant to dieldrin

GABA-A receptor that negatively modulates olfactory associative learning, possibly by gating the input of olfactory information

into the mushroom bodies - regulates the length of time required to fall asleep

Resistance to Juvenile Hormone (common alternative name Methoprene-tolerant)

bHLH-Pas domain transcription factor - involved in juvenile hormone (JH) action as

a likely component of a JH receptor

Retinal Homeobox

homeodomain transcription factor - required for regulation of genes involved in brain morphogenesis

Retinoblastoma-family protein

cell cycle regulator - interacts with and negatively regulates members of a family of factors called E2Fs, which serve

to activate transcription of genes required for entry into S phase.

Retinoblastoma-family protein 2

cell cycle and developmental regulator - functions in concert with E2F2 to repress the expression of differentiation markers

in ovaries and embryos where RBF2 is highly expressed

Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein

Lipophorin - bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog

reversed polarity

transcription factor - homeodomain - required for aspects of glial differentiation

Rfx

transcription factor - RFX DNA-binding domain - essential regulator of ciliated sensory neuron differentiation

rhea

(alternative name: Talin) essential for integrin function - crosslinks extracellular matrix-linked integrins to the cytoskeleton

Rheb

Ras superfamily of G-proteins - functions downstream of the tumor suppressors Tsc1 and Tsc2 (Gigas in Drosophila), with Tsc2 functioning as a GAP for Rheb -

signals to the growth regulator known as Target of rapamycin (TOR)

rhino

HP1 homolog - required for nuage organization, transposon silencing, and ping-pong amplification of Piwi-interacting RNAs

Rho1

rho-subfamily GTPase - in concert with DRhoGEF2, Rho1 mediates specific cell shape changes during gastrulation

in response to the extracellular ligand, Folded gastrulation

rho-associated kinase

Rho-kinase - plays a role in planar cell polarity

RhoGAP

part of an axon retraction pathway from Rho to myosin in mature neurons - inactivation of RhoGAP leads to axon retraction

RhoGEF2

induces contractile cell shape changes by stimulating myosin II via the Rho1 pathway - location at the actin cortex

regulated by interaction with the microtubule plus-end tracking protein EB1

rhomboid

serine protease - transmembrane protein involved with Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling - required for the production or processing of Spitz, the Egfr ligand

rhomboid-2 (also known as stem cell tumor)

Rhomboid-related transmembrane protein - serine-type protease - activates the oocyte-specific Gurken ligand and

thereby participate in defining posterior cell fates in the early follicular epithelium

rhomboid-7

transmembrane mitochondrial protease required for spermatogenesis and muscle maturation

rho-type guanine exchange factor

RhoGEF - homolog of mammalian Pix - regulates postsynaptic structure and protein localization at the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction

ribbon

BTB/POZ domain transcription factor - a regulator of epithelial morphogenesis that promotes cell migration

RNA on the X-1

X chomosome associated RNA - chromatin associated non-translated RNA involved in dosage compensation

RNA polymerase II 215kD subunit

large subunit of the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template

RNA polymerase II elongation factor (TfIIS)

critical for efficient release of stalled RNA Pol II from intrinsic stop sites in promoter regions -

promotes transcriptional elongation and decreases pausing

roadkill

a member of a conserved family of proteins that serve as substrate adaptors for Cullin3-mediated ubiquitylation -

regulates Cubitus interruptus levels by targeting it for degradation

rolled (common alternative name: MAP kinase or ERKA)

Component of Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway - involved in establishment of the dorsoventral polarity of the egg shell and the embryo -

acts in specification of terminal structures immediately after fertilization - Gain-of-function mutants produce extra R7 photoreceptors and extra wing veins

rolling pebbles

RING-finger motif, ankyrin repeat and TR repeat protein - a signaling protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of Dumbfounded and with Myoblast city -

functions to integrate initial myoblast fusion with myotube structural organization

Ror

Ror proteins are a class of Wnt-binding receptor tyrosine kinases - expressed during neural differentiation

rotund

transcription factor - zinc finger - required for proper imaginal disc development

rough

transcription factor - homeodomain - plays a critical role in restriction of the number of photoreceptor precursors in the specification of R8 photoreceptors

roughest

Ig-C2-type-domain protein - transmembrane - required in at least three independent events in eye development and axon guidance

roughex

novel regulator of cell cycle - a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that specifically inhibits Cdk1-CycA - required to inhibit Cdk1-CycA kinase activity

during metaphase, thereby facilitating the transition to anaphase

roughoid

Rhomboid and Roughoid/Rhomboid-3 act together, on an unknown Egf, to control cell recruitment through the Epidermal growth factor receptor

roundabout

Ig and Fn repeats protein - a repulsive guidance receptor on growth cones that binds to Slit

Rpd3

histone deacetylase functioning in gene silencing - interacts with Groucho

RPS6-protein kinase-II (common alternative name: dRSK)

negatively regulates ERK-mediated developmental processes and gene expressions by blocking the nuclear localization of ERK

RPS6-p70-protein kinase (common alternative name: S6k)

signaling - regulates growth response - targets ribosomal protein S6 - a target of the TOR pathway

Rtf1

functions as part of a protein complex in the monoubiquitination of histone H2B and the consequent methylation of histone H3 - functions in Notch signaling

r2d2

double-stranded RNA-binding protein - bridges the initiation and effector steps of the Drosophila RNAi pathway

by facilitating siRNA passage from Dicer, which carrys out the initiation step, to RISC, which carrys out the effector step

rugose

protein kinase A anchor protein - required for correct retinal pattern formation through its interactions with Egfr and Notch pathways

runt

transcription factor - novel - pair rule gene - contritutes to neuroblast cell identity

rutabaga

Ca++/Calmodulin dependent adenyl cyclase - a crucial memory pathway protein

Ryanodine receptor 44F

Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channel located in presynaptic endoplasmic reticulum membranes -

sustains vesicular mobilization thus enhancing release of transmitters and neuropeptides

Genes A-D -- Genes E-K-- Genes S-Z

Home page: The Interactive Fly © 1995, 1996 Thomas B. Brody, Ph.D.

The Interactive Fly resides on the
Society for Developmental Biology's Web server.