Alphabetical list of genes

L

labial            FlyExpress: lab labial and posterior midgut expression

transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - involved in head and brain morphogenesis - in the midgut Labial plays a role in determination and differentiation of copper cells

Lachesin

immunoglobulin domain cell adhesion molecule required for the proper morphogenesis of the tracheal system

ladybird early and ladybird late

transcription factors - homeodomain proteins -overlaps expression of wingless in the epidermis - ladybird genes contribute to the segmentation process and are considered as segment polarity genes

lame duck            FlyExpress: lmd mesodermal expression

zinc finger transcription factor - has an essential regulatory role in the specification and function of fusion-competent myoblasts

Lamin

an intermediate filament protein - chromatin associated protein - Lamin binds to scaffold/matrix-associated regions, DNA sequences that are held responsible for mediating the interaction between the nuclear matrix and chromatin.

Laminin A

laminin - extracellular matrix protein - plays a role in the pathfinding process of ocellar axons

large tumor suppressor (lats) (preferred name: warts)

kinase - regulates cell cycle - loss of gene function leads to the cell-autonomous formation of epithelial tumors in the adult integumentary structures derived from imaginal discs.

latheo

ORC3 homolog - regulates DNA replication - also, a presynaptic protein with a role in the Ca2+-dependent synaptic modulation mechanisms necessary for behavioral plasticity

lava lamp

coiled-coil cytoskeletal component involved in cellularization - analysis shows that active Golgi-derived membrane vesicle secretion is essential for cytokinesis

lazaro

lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase that functions during phototransduction - along with rdgA

regulates amplification and response termination during phototransduction

legless

a scaffold protein that physically links Pygopus to ß-catenin - the recruitement of Pygopus permits ß-catenin to activate Wnt target genes

leonardo (preferred name: 14-3-3zeta)

a 14-3-3zeta isoform - a phosphoserine/threonine interacting protein - modifies ras pathway signaling and facilitating olfactory learning

lesswright (common alternative names: Ubc9 and Semushi)

SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme - stabilizes proteins against ubiquitinization and subsequent degradation -

regulates hematopoiesis - holds the Toll pathway in check

let-7 (preferred name: microRNA encoding gene let-7)

encodes an RNA species involved in translational silencing of target mRNAs

lethal (2) giant discs 1 (common alternative name: lethal giant discs)

tumor suppressor - required to restrict the activity of Notch to the D/V boundary of the wing imaginal disc - endosomal transport protein

lethal (2) giant larvae (common alternative name: lethal giant larvae)

novel conserved cytoskeletal element - functions with other tumor suppressors to regulate cell polarity and growth

lethal of scute           l(1)sc ectodermal and neuroblast expression

transcription factor - basic HLH - proneural gene that is also involved in specification of muscle progenitors

Leukocyte-antigen-related-like (common alternative name: Dlar)

transmembrane - receptor tyrosine kinase functioning to regulate axon guidance

licorne

a MAP kinase kinase targeting p38 MAP kinase - licorne mutations provoke polarity defects in the eggshell and embryo, as a result of reduced activity of two localized determinants: Oskar and Gurken

lilliputian

transcription factor - Fragile X mental retardation 2 (Fmr2) family - Functions in MAPK and Dpp signaling pathways - affects growth, a function associated with the insulin pathway - affects the cytoskeleton early in development.

Lim1

Lim domain and lim homeodomain protein - expressed in the head primordia, the brain lobes, and in distinct sets of motorneurons and interneurons within the ventral nerve cord - Lim1 larval mutants have abnormal motor coordination

LIM-kinase1

serine/threonine kinase - functions via cytoskeleton to confer the added synapse-stabilizing activity of the BMP receptor Wishful thinking

lin-19-like (common alternative name: Cullin1)

a major component of a series of multimeric ubiquitin ligases that control the degradation of a broad range of proteins

lines

novel segment polarity gene - Lines is crucial for completing Wg signal transduction, acting downstream or in parallel to Armadillo

Lipid storage droplet-2

intracellular neutral lipid droplet storage protein - maintains energy homeostasis

Lipophorin (preferred name: Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein)

bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog

Liprin-α

scaffolding protein that physically interacts with LAR and is essential for R7 axon targeting

liquid facets

an epsin: a family of cargo-selective adapters that link mono-ubiquitinated cell-surface proteins with the endocytic machinery -

regulates Notch ligand Delta's subcellular localization and activity

Lissencephaly-1

component of Dynein complex, Beta-transducin family Trp-Asp repeats protein - required in the germline for synchronized cystocyte division and oocyte differentiation

little imaginal discs

trimethyl H3K4 demethylase - physically interacts with Myc to regulator Myc-induced cell growth

lkb1

Par-4 kinase - required for the early A-P polarity of the oocyte and for the repolarization of the oocyte cytoskeleton that defines the embryonic A-P axis

locomotion defects (common alternative name: loco)

regulators of G-protein signalling (RGS) protein - a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) acting on alpha subunit of G-proteins - Mutant glial cells fail to properly ensheath longitudinal axon tracts and do not form the normal glial-glial cell contacts, resulting in a disruption of the blood-brain barrier

loki (common alternative name: chk2)

homolog of mammalian Chk2 - a serine/threonine kinase required required for DNA damage-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

lola like

BTB/POZ domain protein - partner of Trithorax-like in maintaining gene repression

longitudinals lacking

transcription factor - zinc finger - btb domain - regulates axon guidance - expressed in both glia and neurons

loquacious

a component of a functional pre-miRNA processing complex - stimulates and directs pre-microRNA processing activity

lozenge

transcription factor - AML-1 homolog - involved in sensillogenesis in antenna - mutants lack basiconic sensilla and some trichoid sensilla

lush

olfactant-binding-protein, lipocalin family - mediates chemosensory responses to alcohols

Lyra

zinc finger - target of proneural genes - expressed and required in the sensory organ precursors for proper proneural gene expression.

M

mad2

mitotic checkpoint protein that blocks mitotic exit by sequestering Cdc20/Fizzy - required to delay progression through early stages of prometaphase

so that cells have time to fully engage the spindle assembly checkpoint

maelstrom

HMG box protein - spindle class protein - potential regulator of RNA processing or subcellular localization

mago nashi

novel protein involved in oogenesis - mutation results from the failure of nuclear migration to the anterodorsal cortex during oogenesis

males absent on the first

histone acetyltransferase involved in dosage compensation

male-specific lethal-1

chromatin component - dosage compensation - basic motif, leucine zipper-like motif, glycine-rich motif protein that directly binds DNA

male-specific lethal-2

chromatin component - ring finger - metallothionein motif - involved in dosage compensation

male-specific lethal 3

chromatin component - dosage compensation - MRG family, chromo-barrel domain

maleless

DEAH-box subfamily ATP-dependent helicase - Mle plays an early role in dosage compensations, perhaps in packaging roX2 RNA into growing dosage compensation protein complexes

MAP kinase (preferred name: rolled)

Component of Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway - involved in establishment of the dorsoventral polarity of the egg shell and the embryo - acts in specification of terminal structures immediately after fertilization - Gain-of-function mutants produce extra R7 photoreceptors and extra wing veins

marelle (preferred name: STAT)

transcription factor - stat homolog - cytoplasmic signal transducing protein - regulates the even-skipped stripe 3 promoter and the pair rule gene runt - central to the establishment of planar polarity during Drosophila eye development

mastermind

novel - neurogenic - physically interacts with Suppressor of Hairless and Notch functioning as a transcriptional activator for Notch signaling

maternal expression at 31B

A DEAD-box helicase, part of a ribonuclear protein complex, that restricts translation of oocyte-localizing RNAs -

in neurons Me31B acts to promote translational repression and/or mRNA degradation in response to miRNAs

MBD-like

methyl-DNA binding protein involved in methylation dependent transcriptional repression

Medea

Smad family member - associates with Smad1 in response to BMP2/4 or with Smad2 in response to TGF-beta - dominant negative Smad4 blocks both BMP and activin responses

meiotic 41

ATM/ATR kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase - essential for the DNA damage checkpoint in larval imaginal discs and neuroblasts -

required to delay mitosis in response to incomplete DNA replication in early nuclear divisions - monitors double-strand-break repair during meiotic crossing over

mei-s332 (preferred name: meiotic from Salaria 282)

conserved protein - essential in meiosis for maintaining cohesion at centromeres until sister chromatids separate

at the metaphase II/anaphase II transition

melted

evolutionarily conserved modulator of the insulin/PI3K signaling pathway - mutants mimic the effects of nutrient deprivation

producing adults with 40% less fat than normal

Merlin

ERM family, protein 4.1 superfamily - functions to restrain cell proliferation - a junctional component also associated with endocytosis

meso18E (common alternative name: Holes in muscle)

WRPW motif protein that binds Groucho to inhibit both muscle differentiation and Mef2 activity during development

methuselah

G-protein coupled receptor: mutants have increased longevity, are resistent to stress and have increased body weight

Mi-2

ATP dependent DNA helicase - Zinc finger, C4HC3 type (PHD finger) - involved in nucleosome mobilization

MICAL

flavoprotein monooxygenase - large, multidomain protein expressed in axons - interacts with the neuronal Plexin A -

enzymatic function required for Semaphorin 1a/PlexA-mediated repulsive axon guidance

Microcephalin

a conserved regulator of cell cycle, co-ordination of centrosome and nuclear division cycles, and maintenance of chromosome condensation

microRNA encoding gene let-7

encodes an RNA species involved in translational silencing of target mRNAs

microRNA encoding gene mir-14

a cell death suppressor - regulates fat metabolism

midline and H15

T-box transcription factors that participate in cardiac fate specificity

mind-bomb

E3 ubiquitin ligase - regulates endocytosis of Delta and Serrate

ming (preferred name: castor)

transcription factor - zinc finger - regulates the development of late CNS sublineages

minibrain

serine/threonine kinase - mutants show an inabillity to generate a sufficient number of optic lobe and central brain neurons during postembryonic development

minifly (preferred name: Nucleolar protein at 60B)

pseudouridylate synthase - enzymatically modifies ribosomal RNA - required for maintenance of germ-line stem cells

mini spindles

microtubule plus end binding protein - stimulates microtubule growth, microtubule destabilising activity, mitotic spindle

miranda

novel - required for subcellular localization of prospero - a target of the asymmetric cell division machinery - involved in the generation of cell diversity in the CNS

mirror

homeodomain - Pbx class - primary determiner of the border between dorsal and ventral halves of the eye

misshapen

SPS1 family kinase - conveys Rac signals to Basket/Jnk during dorsal closure

miti-mere(preferred name: POU domain protein 2)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - collaborates with nubbin during specification of the RP2/sib lineage in Drosophila neurogenesis

Mitochondrial Rho

transmembrane Rho GTPase required for controlling anterograde transport of mitochondria and their proper distribution within nerve terminals

Mnt

bHLH-zipper transcription factor - Max-interacting transcriptional repressor - associates with the Sin3 corepressor

mob as tumor suppressor (common alternative name: mats)

physically associates with cell cycle regulator Warts to stimulate its catalytic activity and associates with tissue polarity factor Tricornered to regulate denticle development

modifier of mdg4

GAGA-like, BTB domain - interacts with suppressor of Hairy wing on gypsy insulator element

modulo

RRM-containing domain - modifier of PEV promoting chromatin compaction and inactivation - controls cellular growth rate downstream of dMYC

Moesin-like

the sole Drosophila ERM protein - functions to promote cortical actin assembly and apical-basal polarity

moira

Trithorax-complex protein - SWI3 homolog - chromatin remodeling protein - functions as the Swi3 component of the Brahma complex

morula

APC2 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex - regulates protein degradation and cell cycle

Mothers against dpp

novel protein - downstream of DPP - Smad family members convey TGFß signals from their receptors to the nucleus

MTF-1

zinc finger transcription factor known familiarly as metal transcription factor - controls heavy metal detoxification

mummy

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase - functions in apical extracellular matrix formation by producing GlcNAc residues

needed for chitin synthesis and protein glycosylation - regulates cuticle production, tracheal morphogenesis, and axon guidance

musashi

RNA binding protein - Notch signaling regulate Msi activity as a translational repressor of Tramtrack in the generation of non-neuronal lineages in during bristle development

Muscle LIM protein at 60A

cytoskeletal LIM-domain protein, Cys-rich protein - promotes myogenic differentiation

muscle segment homeobox-1 (preferred name: Drop)           FlyExpress: Drop expression in ventral neuroderm anlage and ventral nerve cord

transcription factor - homeodomain - confers cell fate on the dorsal (lateral-most) column of neuroblasts during ventral cord development

muscle segment homeobox 2 (preferred name: tinman)

transcription factor - homeodomain - NK2 class - required for heart development

mushroom bodies tiny

PAK kinase - downstream effector of Cdc42 - regulates cell adhesion dependent processes during photoreceptor cell differentiation

mushroom body defect

involved in spindle orientation during asymmetric cell division - asymmetrically localized Partner

of inscuteable-Gαi complexes regulate spindle orientation by directly binding to Mud which in turn binds microtubules

mutagen-sensitive 209 (common alternative name: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen)

Polymerase-delta/epsilon processivity factor - a sliding clamp that encircles DNA and tethers the DNA polymerase catalytic unit to the DNA template

Myb oncogene-like

transcription factor - Myb DNA-binding domain - required for mitosis and prevention of endoreduplication in wing cells

d-myc (preferred name: diminutive)

bHLH - leucine zipper - controls cell cycle progression

Myd88

Death domain protein - Encodes an essential component of the Toll pathway in dorsoventral pattern formation - involved in signal transduction in the immune response

myoblast city

a docking protein: DOCK180 homolog - essential for myoblast fusion

myocyte enhancer factor 2            FlyExpress: mef2 mesodermal expression

transcription factor - mads box - regulates muscle differentiation

myospheroid

transmembrane - integrin-beta subunit of PS1 & PS2 - Integrins are used to attach mesoderm to ectoderm and are required for the proper assembly of the extracellular matrix and for muscle attachment

myosin II (preferred name: zipper)

non-muscle myosin - required for cell motility

Myosin binding subunit

regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase - involved in dorsal closure

Myosin 31DF

cytoskeletal motor protein required in the hindgut epithelium and testes for normal embryonic handedness (left-right asymmetry)

Myt1

Wee1-like kinase that specifically regulates Cdk1 (Cdc2) activity in the cytoplasm

N

nab

transcriptional cofactor - co-activator of Squeeze in CNS neurons - co-repressor of Rotund in wing

naked cuticle

EF-hand calcium-binding domain protein involved in Wingless pathway

nanos

translational repressor - zinc finger - targets Hunchback and Bicoid mRNAs to achieve posterior identity

nautilus

transcription factor - myo D homolog - myogenic bHLH factor

nbs

encodes a multifunctional protein that plays critical roles in the response to DNA damage and telomere maintenance -

part of a protein complex, MRN, that senses DNA strand breaks and amplifies the signal and then conveys it to

downstream effectors, such as ATM and p53, that regulate cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair

Nedd2-like caspase

cysteine protease - a functional homolog of CED-3/caspase-9 - involved in programd cell death

Negative elongation factor E

RNA-binding protein - along with other factors, NELF causes polymerase to pause in the promoter proximal region of heat shock genes

nejire

CBP, a transcriptional co-activator that interacts with a large number of developmentally important transcription factors

nemo

protein serine/threonine kinase involved in establishing epithelial planar polarity

NEM-sensitive fusion protein 2

developmentally regulated N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) gene - mutants are defective in the synaptic growth and maturation that occurs during larval development

nerfin-1            FlyExpress: nerfin-1 neuroblast expression

zinc finger transcription factor required for the proper development of CNS commissural and connective axon fascicles

nervous wreck

a member of a family of adaptor proteins - controls synapse morphology by interacting with Wasp - regulates actin dynamics

nervy

probable transcriptional co-repressor- described as an AKAP binding protein, zinc finger protein expressed in the CNS and involved in axon guidance

net

bHLH transcription factor - promotes vein production in the wing

Netrin-A and Netrin-B            FlyExpress: NetB expression in neuroblasts, visceral mesoderm and the midline

secreted factors that provide instructive guidance cues in axonogenesis

neuralized

cytoplasmic zinc finger signaling protein - neurogenic - promotes or modulates the Notch neurogenic signal at the receptor/ligand level

Neurexin

multifunctional protein required for structural integrity of septate junctions

Neurofibromin 1

GAP-related domain protein functioning in the PKA pathway - critical to the biochemical processes underlying olfactory learning

Neuroglian

IG superfamily - NgCAM related - a cell aggregaton and signaling molecule that transmits the positional value of cell adhesion to the cytoplasmic assembly of ankyrin and spectrin

neuropeptide F

peptide hormone - developmentally programmed to modify foraging and social behavior in Drosophila larvae

Neurotactin

transmembrane serine esterase homolog - Mutations in Neurotactin frequently cause defasciculation of the normally tightly associated ocellar pioneer axons

neurotic (preferred name: O-fucosyltransferase 1)

modifies Notch by attaching fucose within EGF domains - positively required for Notch signaling,

essential for the physical interaction of Notch with its ligand Delta and for the ability of Fringe to modulate this interaction

nicastrin

component of a proteolytic complex, along with Presenilin, that targets Notch and ß amyloid protein - Zn-dependent exopeptidase

Niemann-Pick Type C-1

a transmembrane protein related to the Hedgehog receptor Patched - mutants have a shortage of sterol, and, as a consequence, inadequate ecdysone synthesis

Niemann-Pick Type C-2

lysosomal cholesterol-binding protein that functions redundantly with npc2b in regulating sterol homeostasis and ecdysteroid biosynthesis

Nimrod C1

EGF-like repeat transmembrane protein located on phagocytic cells - mediates resistence to bacteria

Nipped-A

Homologue of the yeast Tra1 and human TRRAP proteins - a key component of both the SAGA and Tip60 (NuA4) chromatin-modifying complexes -

required for Mastermind function during wing development

Nipped-B

a DNA-binding transcription factor regulates gene expression by controlling cohesin dynamics - regulates of sister chromatid cohesion

Nitric oxide synthase

Ca++/Calmodulin sensitive enzyme - ectopic expression of NOS at the late stages of larval development results in a decrease in cell proliferation and a reduction in the size of the adult fly's structures

NK1 (preferred name: slouch, common alternative name: S59)

transcription factor - homeodomain - NK-1 class - maintenance of slouch is directly involved in the control of late aspects of muscle development, such as muscle differentiation and morphogenesis, and possibly also innervation

NK2 (preferred name: ventral nervous system defective)

transcription factor - homeodomain - NK2 class - required for the formation of a subset of segmental neuroblasts, and possibly as a neuroectodermal committment gene - upstream of proneural achaete-scute complex.

Nkx6 (alternative name: HGTX)

homeobox, NK decapeptide domain transcription factor - acts within a subclass of early born neurons to link

neuronal subtype identity to neuronal morphology and connectivity

NMDA receptor 1 and NMDA receptor 2

voltage/Mg²⁺-dependent Ca²⁺ channels activated by glutamate - required for olfactory learning

non-stop

ubiquitin-specific protease involved in glial development - effects axon guidance

no receptor potential A

phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C used in visual and odor signal transduction

Notch

transmembrane receptor - neurogenic - responsible for lateral inhibition and cell fate choices

not enough muscle (preferred name: inscuteable)

novel protein - SH3 binding domain, ankyrin repeats and cytoskeletal attachment domain - controller of cell fate during asymmetric cell division

nubbin (preferred name: POU domain protein 1)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - involved in cell fate determination of a subset of temporally determined neural subtypes

nuclear fallout

pericentrosomal protein which, along with Rab11, is involved in membrane trafficking and actin remodeling

during membrane furrow formation during cellularization - involved in endosomal-mediated membrane delivery to the site of furrow formation

nuclear untranslated RNA gene iab-4 (common alternative name: infraabdominal)

directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,

the transformation of halteres into wings

Nucleolar protein at 60B (common alternative name: minifly)

pseudouridylate synthase - enzymatically modifies ribosomal RNA - required for maintenance of germ-line stem cells

Nucleosome assembly protein 1

Histone chaperone - chromatin assembly

nudel

serine protease - docking protein - dorsal group - part of a signaling cascade that determines dorsal/ventral polarity of the embryo

nullo

novel myristoylprotein with a cluster of basic amino acids present in the basal junction and required for its formation at the onset of cellularization

numb

signaling protein - targeted by Notch signaling - involved in determination of alternate cell fates

NURF301 (preferred name: Enhancer of bithorax)

major subunit of nucleosome remodeling factor (nurf) - multiple domain protein with HMGI/Y and bromodomain motifs

O

odd-skipped            FlyExpress: odd segmental expression

transcription factor - zinc finger - pair rule gene - mutants associated with cuticle defects that are limited to alternate--odd-numbered--segments

odd-paired

transcription factor - zinc finger - pair rule gene - required for the timely activation of engrailed and wingless during segmentation

Odorant receptor 22a and Odorant receptor 22b

G-protein coupled receptors - Or22a responds to ethyl butyrate - localized to dendritic membranes of 22 cells of the basomedial region of the antenna

Odorant receptor 65a

G-protein coupled receptor - courtship behavior - confers aversive response to cis-vaccenyl acetate

Odorant receptor 83b

G-protein coupled receptor - broadly expressed receptor of unknown function - required for dendritic localization of conventional odorant receptors -

mutation disrupts behavioral and electorphysiological responses to many odorants

Odorant receptor 67d

G-protein coupled receptor - courtship behavior - the male-specific pheromone 11-cVA acts through Or67d to regulate both male and female mating behavior

off-schedule

functions as translation initiation factor eIF4G during spermatogenesis to coordinate the initiation of meiotic division and differentiation

off-track

CCK-4 family of 'dead' receptor tyrosine kinases, Ig-domains - required for lamina-specific targeting of R1-R6 axons -

associates with Plexin, the receptor for Semaphorin ligand

O-fucosyltransferase 1 (alternative name: neurotic)

modifies Notch by attaching fucose within EGF domains - positively required for Notch signaling,

essential for the physical interaction of Notch with its ligand Delta and for the ability of Fringe to modulate this interaction

okra

DNA helicase involved in DNA repair - required for meiosis - the Drosophila homolog of the yeast DNA-repair protein Rad54

onecut

homeodomain and cut domain - regulates some aspects of neural differentiation or maintenance

Optix

homeodomain and Six domain - involved in eye morphogenesis by an eyeless-independent mechanism

optomotor-blind            FlyExpress: omb expression in optic lobe primordium, brain and CNS

transcription factor - brachyury T homolog - involved in differentiation of the brain, the CNS, the wing and in patterning of adult abdominal segments

orb

RRM - RNA binding protein - Drosophila's cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) -

functions in the transport of mRNAs coding for two essential proteins that govern polarity in the egg:

Oskar, an anterior/posterior determinate and Gurken, a dorsal/ventral determinant

Orbit (preferred name: Chromosome bows)

microtubule-associated protein that plays an essential role facilitating the kinetochore-microtubule interaction -

maternially it facilitates multiple interactions of the fusome with mitotic spindles and ring canals -

zygotically it mediates the action of Slit and its receptors acting as a partner of the Abelson tyrosine kinase

Origin recognition complex subunit 1

A subunit of the Origin recognition complex, regulating the initiation of DNA replication - Orc1 is degraded by APC at the cell's exit from mitosis and reaccumulates at the end of G₁

Origin recognition complex 2

A subunit of the Origin recognition complex, involved in initiation of DNA replication

Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (common alternative name: gutfeeling)

modifies the activity of Ornithine decarboxylase - regulates the nuclear entry and overall levels of Sex-lethal in early germ cells.

orthodenticle

transcription factor - homeodomain - paired-like - acts in a combinatorial fashion with the cephalic gap genes empty spiracles and buttonhead to assign segmental identities in the head and brain

osa (common alternative name: eyelid)

transcription factor - Bright family - associates with the Brahma chromatin remodeling complex - antagonizes Wingless signaling

during Drosophila development and affects patterning of the eye imaginal disc

oskar

novel - assembles germ plasm - a anterior/posterior determinant regulating embryonic development

outstretched

a novel ligand - potential activator of JAK/STAT signaling pathway - mutation results in the stripe-specific loss of expression of even-skipped, fushi tarazu, and runt

ovarian tumor

novel protein required in oogenesis - ensures the survival of female germ cells in pupae, cyst formation in germ-line cells, the attainment of mature chromosome structure in nurse cells and egg maturation.

ovo

zinc finger transcription factor - involved in ovarian maturation, sex determination, segment polarity

P

p130CAS

SH3 domain and serine-rich domain protein that works together with integrins to direct axon guidance events

p38b

a MAP kinase involved in transforming growth factor beta superfamily signal transduction in Drosophila wing morphogenesis

p53

DNA repair pathway and apoptosis transcription factor

Pabp2

poly(A) binding protein - functions in nuclear polyadenylation - cytoplasmic PABP2 acts to shorten the poly(A) tails of specific mRNAs

Paf1

Part of a protein complex that directs the histone methyltransferase activity and links active transcription and modifications of chromatin structure.

Pcf11

RNA binding motif protein - dismantles elongation complexes by a RNA Polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) dependent mechanism - forms a bridge between the CTD and RNA

painless

calcium channel - nociceptor - mutant is pain response defective

paired

transcription factor - homeodomain - paired domain - plays a decisive role in the progression of a regulatory hierarchy from pair-rule directed segmentation of the embryo to the subdivision carried out by segment polarity genes specifying positional information within segments

Paired box neuro

transcription factor - paired domain - induces production of poly-innervated external sense organs

PAK-kinase

p21-activated kinase - signal transduction protein functioning downstream of rac - required for growth cone guidance

pangolin

transcription factor - HMG domain - segment polarity - acts to transduce the Wingless signal

pan gu

serine/threonine kinase - inhibits DNA replication in the unfertilized egg and permits the accumulation of Cyclin B during early mitotic divisions

pannier (common alternative name: dGATAa)

transcription factor - zinc finger - GATA family - a local repressor of achaete and scute - required for the normal pattern of sensory bristles in those parts of the dorsal epithelium

par-1

serine/threonine kinase involved in cell polarization during asymmetric cell division

par-6

PDZ domain protein required for asymmetric cell division of neuroblasts and for the maintenance of oocyte cell fate

PAR-domain protein 1

PAR-domain bZIP transcription factor - controls skeletal muscle genes during differentiation - regulates expression of the Tropomyosin I gene in somatic body-wall and pharyngeal muscles

parkin

ubiquitin protein ligase - degrades proteins with aberrant conformations - mutants exhibit muscle degeneration, male sterility, and defects in brain dopaminergic cells

partner of inscuteable

involved in asymmetric cell divisions and establishment of cell polarity

partner of numb

adaptor protein that physically associates with and regulates Numb - Polo can inhibit progenitor self-renewal by directly phosphorylating Partner of numb

patched

transmembrane - segment polarity gene - receptor for Hedgehog

Patj

PDZ-domain junctional protein involved in assembling a protein complex that functions in planar cell polarity

pavarotti

a kinesin motor protein - required both to establish the structure of the telophase spindle to provide a framework for assembly of the contractile ring and to mobilize mitotic regulator proteins

Pcaf (common alternative name: Gcn5)

a major histone H3 acetylase in Drosophila that plays a key role in the control of specific morphogenetic cascades during developmental transitions

pco (preferred name: Enhancer of zeste)

transcription factor - polycomb group with trithorax homology - chromatin associated

PDGF- and VEGF-receptor related

Ig C-2 type domain receptor tyrosine kinase - required for border cell migration

PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 1

ligands that orchestrate migratory patterns of hemocytes at the embryonic ventral midline - essential cell autonomously for proper positioning of the salivary glands - border cell migration

PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 2 and PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 3

ligands that orchestrate migratory patterns of hemocytes at the embryonic ventral midline - essential cell autonomously for proper positioning of the salivary glands

pdm-1 (preferred name: POU domain protein 1)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - controls cell fate of a subset of temporally born neurons

pdm-2 (preferred name: POU domain protein 2)           pdm-2 gap, endoderm primordia and neuroblast expression

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - collaborates with nubbin/pdm-1 during specification of the RP2/sib lineage in Drosophila neurogenesis

peanut

a septin functioning in organizing the cytoskeleton during cytokinesis and septum formation

pebble

a Rho GEF required for the formation of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis

pebbled

multiple zinc finger transcription factor - plays a permissive role facilitating the process of germ band retraction

pelle

s/t kinase - dorsal group - involved in signal transduction during induction of dorsal/ventral polarity during early embryogenesis

pelota

RNA binding motif protein - controls germ-line stem cell self-renewal by repressing a differentiation pathway, possibly through regulating translation

Peptidylglycine-alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase

an enzyme involved in producing amidated neuropeptides - amidated secretory peptides are required for signaling events that ensure progression through several critical developmental transitions

perdido (common alternative name: Kon-tiki)

conserved multi-domain transmembrane receptor required cell autonomously for myotubes to recognize their tendon cell targets - signals through the intracellular adaptor Grip in a conserved molecular pathway

pericentrin-like protein (preferred name: cp309)

PACT domain protein - associated with both the centrioles and pericentriolar material -

essential for the formation of functional cilia and flagella

period

transcription factor - pas domain protein - regulates the diurnal photoperiod response of adult flies

Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 92E

signal transduction - influence cell growth functioning as a target of the insulin pathway

phosphatidylserine receptor

nuclear protein that acts through the c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase pathway to alter the sensitivity to cell death

phyllopod

novel target of ras pathway - protein degradation cofactor

pickpocket

subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) family - plays an essential role in controlling rhythmic locomotion by providing mechanosensory signal transduction of proprioceptive sensory information

pickpocket 25

DEG/ENaC sodium channel subunit - required for activation of courtship behavior by chemosensory perception of female pheromones

Pigment-dispersing factor

neuropeptide involved in the photoperiod response

pimples

novel protein required for sister chromatid separation in mitosis - shares functional similarities to securin a protein that acts to premature activation of separins

pipe

heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase - functions in follicle cells to set up the spatially restricted signal responsible

for activating the spatially delimited protease cascade triggering Toll and the establishment

of dorsal/ventral polarity during early development.

pipsqueak

BTB domain & Psq motif transcription factor that targets a Polycomb group protein complex to Polycomb response elements

pitchoune

DEAD-box RNA helicase - a target of myc suggesting that myc might cell proliferation by activating genes that are required in protein biosynthesis

piwi

a novel protein involved in stem cell renewal and asymmetric cell division

pleiohomeotic

zinc finger - Polycomb group - the first Polycomb group member to be identified as a DNA binding protein - targets Polycomb response elements involved in gene silencing

plexin A

semaphorin domain protein, semaphorin receptor - involved in axon guidance

plexin B

semaphorin domain protein, receptor for the secreted semaphorin Sema-2a -

regulates axon extension from the sensory neuron cell body in regions of direct contact with oenocytes

pod-1

WD repeat protein - crosslinks actin and microtubules - proper levels of Pod-1 must be maintained in the growth cone for correct axon guidance

poils au dos

zinc finger transcription factor - repressor of achaete and scute during bristle development

pointed

transcription factor - ets family - a target of Egf signaling - required for the differentiation of glial cells in the ventral nerve cord - required downstream of Ras in the development of the eye

pokkuri (preferred name: anterior open, common alternative name: yan)

ets domain transcription factor - target of Ras pathway that serves to inhibit neural and other types of differentiation

pollux

novel cell surface receptor, leucine zipper protein - signaling protein with a potential involvement in exocytosis - involved in tracheal development

polo

protein kinase - regulates mitosis - participates in the control of mitotic progression by targeting Cdc25/String

poly(A) polymerase (preferred name: hiiragi)

involved in both nuclear and cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNA

polychaetoid

scaffolding protein, PDZ domain protein, MAGUK - involved in sensory organ development - mutations have a neurogenic effect

Polycomb

transcription factor - chromo domain - Polycomb group - chromatin associated protein - involved in gene silencing

Polycomblike

a member of a distinct chromatin complex - functions downstream of Pleiohomeotic in the assembly of a repressive complex

that generates high levels of H3-K27 trimethylation in Polycomb target genes

polyhomeotic proximal & distal

transcription factor - zinc finger - Polycomb group - maintain the repression of hedgehog in the anterior cells abutting the anterior-posterior boundary of the developing wing

poly-U-binding splicing factor

RNA recognition motif protein - functions in both constitutive and alternative splicing - required during oogenesis

porcupine

O-acyltransferase activity - mediates lipidation of Wingless, which targets Wingless to secretory vesicles that deliver the ligand

to specialized microdomains at the cell surface where it can be packaged for secretion

Posterior sexcombs

transcription factor - zn finger-ring motif-Polycomb group - Psc is a component of Suppressor of zeste 2 complex - recruits functional PcG-silencing complexes

POU domain protein 1 (pdm-1)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - involved in cell fate determination of a subset of temporally determined neural subtypes

POU domain protein 2 (pdm-2)

transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - along with pdm-1 involved in cell fate determination

of a subset of temporally determined neural subtypes

Pox meso

Pax family transcription factor - demarcates the 'Poxm competence domain', a domain of competence for ventral and lateral muscle development

and for the determination of at least some adult muscle precursor cells

Pre-mRNA cleavage complex 2 protein Pcf11

forms a bridge between the RNA polymerase C-terminal domain and RNA- dismantles elongation

complexes by a C-terminal domain-dependent but nucleotide-independent mechanism

Presenilin

transmembrane protein involved in proteolysis of Notch - also processes betaAPP

prickle

LIM domain protein - a tissue polarity protein

proboscipedia

transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - required for the formation of labial and

maxillary palps - represses leg development in proboscis

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (preferred name: Mutagen-sensitive 209)

Polymerase-delta/epsilon processivity factor - a sliding clamp that encircles DNA and tethers the DNA polymerase catalytic unit to the DNA template

prospero            FlyExpress: prosneuroblast expression

transcription factor - novel homeodomain - represses neuroblast cell fate - initiates development of gangleon mother cell fate

Protein Kinase A (preferred name: cAMP-dependent protein kinase 1, common alternative name: DC0)

catalytic subunit of PKA - involved in Hedgehog signaling pathway and functions in learning in the adult

Protein Kinase C

serine/threonine kinase, diacylglycerol binding protein - flies expressing a PKC pseudosubstrate show an alteration in performance in courtship conditioning; they fail to show immediate suppression of courtship, a trait exhibited by normal flies

atypical protein kinase C

kinase regulating asymmetic cell division

Protein phosphatase 2A at 85F (preferred name: twins)

B subunit of PP2A - four independent defects have been associated with mutant PP2A; defective mitosis, defective cell fate determination in the PNS, alteration of patterning in the wing, and interferance in Ras pathway function in eye morphogenesis

Protein phosphatase 2B at 14D (alternative name: Calcineurin)

Calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase - negatively regulates Egf receptor signaling

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 69D

receptor tyrosine phosphatase involved in axon guidance

pr-set

Set domain protein - methyltransferase that targets Histone H4 - helps maintain silent chromatin by a histone modification
that precludes neighboring acetylation of the H4 tail

Pten

lipid and protein phosphatase acting in insulin pathway

Ptpmeg

protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in neuronal circuit formation the central brain - regulates establishment

and the stabilization of axonal projection patterns

puckered

dual specificity phosphatase KH-1 subfamily - JNK specific phosphatase functioning in dorsal closure

pumilio

novel posterior group gene - binds and regulates Hunchback mRNA

pumpless

glycine cleavage system H protein - involved in appetite control

punt

receptor for Dpp - type II TGFß receptor - punt lack Ultrabithorax and dpp expression in the visceral mesoderm and fail to induce labial in the adjacent endodermal cells

PvuII-PstI homology 13

homeodomain transcription expressed in the developing eye - required for rhabdomere morphogenesis and proper detection of light

pygopus

nuclear PHD-finger protein - a core component of the Wingless signaling pathway that acts downstream of or at the level of Pangolin

pyramus and thisbe

FGFs involved in mesodermal development - ligands for Heartless

Q

quick-to-court

an alpha-helical coiled-coiled protein - mutants exhibit altered male courtship behavior

R

Rab-protein 6

small GTPase required for membrane trafficking - required for organization and growth of the egg chamber and the polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton and

localization of oskar mRNA - involved in trafficking Notch protein during bristle development and rhodopsin the the eye

Rab-protein 11

Rab family GTPase - required in endocytic recycling and in the organization of posterior membrane compartments during oogenesis -

functions in membrane trafficking during furrow formation during cellularization -

functions in post-Golgi transport of rhodopsin to the rhabdomeric membranes of photoreceptors, and in analogous transport processes in other cells

Rac1

GTPase of the Ras superfamily - regulates cytoskeletal dynamics

RacGAP50C

cytoskeletal regulator required for cytokinesis - connects the contractile ring to cortical microtubules at the site of furrowing in dividing cells -

negatively regulates the wingless pathway during Drosophila embryonic development - required for neuroblast proliferation and limits axon growth

Rad21

constituent of the cohesin complex, functions in chromosome cohesion, spindle morphology, dynamics of a chromosome passenger protein,

and stability of the cohesin complex

Rad51-like (common alternative name: spindle A)

checkpoint protein essential for recombinational repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) in somatic cells and during meiosis in germ cells

radish

rapidly evolving gene encoding a protein that contains multiple phosphorylation sites - required for anaesthesia resistent memory

ran

Ran GTPase activity required nucleo-cytoplasmic transport - also required for microtubule organization during mitosis and for alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate

Ras oncogene at 85D (common alternative name: Ras1)

ras homolog - establishes follicular cell fate during oogenesis, functions in Torso signal transduction, functions downstream EGF-R in the establishment of ventral ectoderm fate, functions downstream of Breathless in tracheal and midline glia migration, functions downstream of FGF receptor in muscle precursors and in the central nervous system, functions downstream of the EGF-R and Sevenless in differentiation in photoreceptors

Ras-related protein

Ras-like GTPase - counters apoptotic programs to support cell fate determination by acting as a negative regulator of JNK activity

and a positive activator of p38 MAP kinase

rasp (common alternative names: Sightless and Skinny hedgehog)

acetyltransferase acting to acylate Hedgehog or to promote other modifications or trafficking events necessary for Hedgehog function

reaper

pro-apoptotic protein - action inhibited by inhibitors of apoptosis

Regulator of cyclin A1

a novel signaling protein that prevents cyclin degredation in G2 by interacting with Fizzy-related - inhibits Fizzy-related's activation of protein degradation machinery - mutants exhibit premature cyclin destruction

Relish

Ankyrin-repeat and NFkappaB domain protein - a key factor in the induction of the humoral immune response in Drosophila, including antibacterial as well as antifungal factors

Reptin

member of AAA+ family of ATPases - DNA helicase - participates in epigenetic processes

leading to a repressive chromatin state as part of the TIP60 HAT complex

Resistance to Juvenile Hormone (common alternative name Methoprene-tolerant)

bHLH-Pas domain transcription factor - involved in juvenile hormone (JH) action as

a likely component of a JH receptor

Retinal Homeobox

homeodomain transcription factor - required for regulation of genes involved in brain morphogenesis

Retinoblastoma-family protein

cell cycle regulator - interacts with and negatively regulates members of a family of factors called E2Fs, which serve to activate transcription of genes required for entry into S phase.

Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein

Lipophorin - bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog

reversed polarity

transcription factor - homeodomain - required for aspects of glial differentiation

Rfx

transcription factor - RFX DNA-binding domain - essential regulator of ciliated sensory neuron differentiation

Rheb

Ras superfamily of G-proteins - functions downstream of the tumor suppressors Tsc1 and Tsc2 (Gigas in Drosophila), with Tsc2 functioning as a GAP for Rheb - signals to the growth regulator known as Target of rapamycin (TOR)

Rho1

rho-subfamily GTPase - in concert with DRhoGEF2, Rho1 mediates specific cell shape changes during gastrulation in response to the extracellular ligand, Folded gastrulation

rho-associated kinase

Rho-kinase - plays a role in planar cell polarity

RhoGAP

part of an axon retraction pathway from Rho to myosin in mature neurons - inactivation of RhoGAP leads to axon retraction

rhomboid

serine protease - transmembrane protein involved with Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling - required for the production or processing of Spitz, the Egfr ligand

rhomboid-2 (also known as stem cell tumor)

Rhomboid-related transmembrane protein - serine-type protease - activates the oocyte-specific Gurken ligand and

thereby participate in defining posterior cell fates in the early follicular epithelium

rhomboid-7

transmembrane mitochondrial protease required for spermatogenesis and muscle maturation

rho-type guanine exchange factor

RhoGEF - homolog of mammalian Pix - regulates postsynaptic structure and protein localization at the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction

ribbon

BTB/POZ domain transcription factor - a regulator of epithelial morphogenesis that promotes cell migration

RNA on the X-1

X chomosome associated RNA - chromatin associated non-translated RNA involved in dosage compensation

RNA polymerase II 215kD subunit

large subunit of the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template

RNA polymerase II elongation factor (TfIIS)

critical for efficient release of stalled RNA Pol II from intrinsic stop sites in promoter regions -

promotes transcriptional elongation and decreases pausing

rolled (common alternative name: MAP kinase or ERKA)

Component of Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway - involved in establishment of the dorsoventral polarity of the egg shell and the embryo - acts in specification of terminal structures immediately after fertilization - Gain-of-function mutants produce extra R7 photoreceptors and extra wing veins

rolling pebbles

RING-finger motif, ankyrin repeat and TR repeat protein - a signaling protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of Dumbfounded and with Myoblast city - functions to integrate initial myoblast fusion with myotube structural organization

rotund

transcription factor - zinc finger - required for proper imaginal disc development

rough

transcription factor - homeodomain - plays a critical role in restriction of the number of photoreceptor precursors in the specification of R8 photoreceptors

roughest

Ig-C2-type-domain protein - transmembrane - required in at least three independent events in eye development and axon guidance

roughex

novel regulator of cell cycle - a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that specifically inhibits Cdk1-CycA - required to inhibit Cdk1-CycA kinase activity during metaphase, thereby facilitating the transition to anaphase

roughoid

Rhomboid and Roughoid/Rhomboid-3 act together, on an unknown Egf, to control cell recruitment through the Epidermal growth factor receptor

roundabout

Ig and Fn repeats protein - a repulsive guidance receptor on growth cones that binds to Slit

Rpd3

histone deacetylase functioning in gene silencing - interacts with Groucho

RPS6-protein kinase-II (common alternative name: dRSK)

negatively regulates ERK-mediated developmental processes and gene expressions by blocking the nuclear localization of ERK

RPS6-p70-protein kinase (common alternative name: S6k)

signaling - regulates growth response - targets ribosomal protein S6 - a target of the TOR pathway

Rtf1

functions as part of a protein complex in the monoubiquitination of histone H2B and the consequent methylation of histone H3 - functions in Notch signaling

r2d2

double-stranded RNA-binding protein - bridges the initiation and effector steps of the Drosophila RNAi pathway

by facilitating siRNA passage from Dicer, which carrys out the initiation step, to RISC, which carrys out the effector step

rugose

protein kinase A anchor protein - required for correct retinal pattern formation through its interactions with Egfr and Notch pathways

runt            FlyExpress: runt segmental expression

transcription factor - novel - pair rule gene - contritutes to neuroblast cell identity

rutabaga

Ca++/Calmodulin dependent adenyl cyclase - a crucial memory pathway protein

Genes A-D -- Genes E-K-- Genes S-Z

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