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Drosophila genes listed by biochemical function |
Secreted proteins and ligands A - N ||P - Z
Accessory gland peptide 26aa (common alternative name: Ovulin)
male ejaculate accessory gland protein - increases ovulation through octopamine based neuronal
signaling
Accessory gland peptide 70A (common alternative name: sex-peptide)
male ejaculate accessory gland protein - decreases female receptivity and stimulates egg production in the first mating of virgin females
activin-β TGFβ ligand of Baboon - required for tiling of photoreceptor R7 axon terminals
Adipokinetic hormone-like metabolic neuropeptide, made in the corpora cardiaca, that mediates mobilization of energy substrates from the fat body - regulates starvation-induced foraging behavior
Allatostatin A neuropeptide secreted by the corpus cardiacum - a modulator of AKH and DILP signaling and feeding choices between dietary carbohydrates and protein - conveys inhibitory input onto protocerebral dopamine neurons
Allatostatin C
biological clock neurons send inhibitory AstC inputs to the brain insulin-producing cells - orthologous to the vertebrate neuropeptide somatostatin signaling - clock-neuron-derived AstC mediates evening locomotor activity - AstC-R2 is expressed in LNds, the clock neurons that drive evening locomotor activity - AstC-R2 inhibits the immune deficiency pathway - AstC is thought to be an immunosuppressive substance released by nociceptors or Drosophila hemocytes - AstC-R2 also acts to dampen thermal nociception
amalgam IG superfamily
amnesiac pacap-like neuropeptide
anachronism secreted glial glycoprotein
argos (common alternative name: giant lens) ligand for EGF-receptor/Torpedo
beaten path
secreted - Ig superfamily
BM-40-SPARC (common alternative name: Sparc)basement membrane component required for basal lamina maturation and condensation of the ventral nerve cord
Boss (Preferred name: Bride of sevenless) transmembrane ligand for sevenless
boudin glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored membrane protein - essential for tracheal morphogenesis - contributes to the maintenance of the paracellular barrier and the organisation of the septate junctions - required for septate junction organisation in chordotonal organ glial cells
branchless FGF homolog - ligand for Breathless
bursicon
neuropeptide hormone that controls cuticle sclerotization and wing expansion behavior
capability
encodes three neuropeptides, two of the periviscerokinin family (CAPA-1 and CAPA-2) and one pyrokinin
(Pyrokinin-1) - CAPA-1 and CAPA-2 activate GPCRs encoded by CapaR - Pyrokinin-1 activates Pyrokinin 1
receptor (PK1-R) - Capa is expressed in neurosecretory cells innervating the corpora cardiaca
(part of the ring gland) and the abdomen. CAPA-1 and -2 act as diuretic hormones on the Malpighian tubules
Carrier of Wingless
heparin sulfate proteoglycan - secreted from the presynaptic motor neuron - acts to limit synaptic architecture and
neurotransmission strength - acts cooperatively with Notum to coordinate neuromuscular synapse structural and functional
differentiation via negative regulation of Wg trans-synaptic signaling within the extracellular synaptomatrix
CCHamide-2
a larval fat body and gut produced nutrient-dependent hormone regulator of Drosophila insulin-like peptide - targets brain insulin-producing cells
Connectin Leucine rich repeat cell adhesion protein
Collagen type IV the main component of basement membranes - synthesized by the fat body, secreted to the hemolymph,and incorporated into the BM - determines organ shape - regulates BMP signaling
convoluted fly ortholog of the vertebrate insulin-like growth factor-binding protein acid-labile subunit (ALS) - antagonizes Dilp function to control animal growth and carbohydrate and fat metabolism
corazonin
a secreted neuropeptide produced by dorsolateral peptidergic neurons with axon terminations in the corpora cardiaca, anterior aorta and intestine - regulates ethanol and trehalose metabolism and male reproductive activity - coordinates increased food intake and diminished energy stores
during stress - coordinates sperm transfer and copulation duration - targets corazonin receptor in salivary glands and adipocytes
crossveinless twisted gastrulation family member - along with Short gastrulation, Crossveinless promotes BMP signaling by transporting a Dpp/Gbb heterodimer from the longitudinal veins into the crossvein regions
crossveinless 2 chordin-like cysteine rich domain protein
Crustacean cardioactive peptide (Cardioacceleratory peptide)
a neuropeptide - controls behavior during molting
dawdle
TGF-ß superfamily ligand - Tolloid-related, by activating Dawdle,
provides a permissive signal for axon guidance
decapentaplegic ligand - tgf-beta homolog
Delta EGF family - Notch ligand
Diuretic hormone 31
regulation of sleep - regulates a preferred temperature decrease at night-onset - midgut cells that express Dh31 and tachykinin are activated by the presence of proteins and amino acids - increases the contraction frequency in the anterior midgut
Diuretic hormone 44
hormone produced by brain neurosecretory cells - sensor of nutritive sugar - directs the detection and consumption of nutritive sugar - controls sperm retention and storage by females - a circadian output hormone that is required for normal rest:activity rhythms
Drosomycin inducible antifungal peptide
Drosulfakinin
neuropeptide - neuromodulator - modulates aggression - controls fighting - regulates sexual arousal - regulates aspects of gut function, satiety and food ingestion - escape-related locomotion - regulates neuromuscular junction growth through the CREB pathway - nsDSK II, a non-sulfated version of the hormone, signals through DSK-R2 to influence gut motility and locomotion
Ecdysis triggering hormone
regulates the process of preecdysis and ecdysis behaviors in the process shedding of the old cuticle
Ecdysone-inducible gene L2 a secreted protein that binds Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 and inhibits growth non-autonomously
Eclosion hormone neuropeptide
eiger
TNF superfamily; type II membrane protein - ligand that induces cell death by activating the JNK pathway
Ephrinfunctions as a ligand for Eph receptor - expressed on the surface of neuron cell bodies -acts to confine Eph receptor bearing axons to longitudinal tracts by repulsion
eyes shut a proteoglycan secreted into the ommatidial apical matrix - critical for the formation of epithelial lumina in the fly retina - forms an extracellular shield that guards mechanosensory neurons from environmental insult
Fasciclin I cam - lipid linked to membrane and secreted - novel
FMRFamide-related neuropeptide
folded gastrulation secreted - novel protein - gastrulation
fringe secreted - novel protein - boundary formation
Fs
(common alternative name: Follistatin) modulates TGF-β ligand signaling - inhibits activin-β signaling but activates Dawdle
Galactose-specific C-type lectinsecreted sugar-binding protein - modulates presynaptic function and neurotransmission strength= - recombinant DL1 protein (Lectin-galC1) binds to E. coli and E. chrysanthemi - DL1 agglutinates E. coli and markedly intensifies the association of a Drosophila haemocytes-derived cell line with E. coli, possibly participates in the immune response via the haemocyte-mediated mechanism
glass bottom boat (common alternative name: Transforming growth factor beta at 60A) TGF-beta superfamily - BMP 7 homolog
Gram-negative bacteria binding protein 3 a pattern recognition receptor that is required for the detection of fungal cell wall components - required for Toll pathway activation in response to fungal infections
Growth-blocking peptide a secreted cytokine that mediates acute innate immune reactions through association with IMD - activates Phospholipase C which promotes increases in the levels of inositol phosphates involved in intracellular signaling - regulates larval growth
gurken TGF alpha homolog - EGF-R ligand
hedgehog Hedgehog N-terminal signaling domain and C-terminal autoprocessing domain
hikaru genki
synaptic protein - IG superfamily - complement binding domains
hugin
controls growth and metabolism - encodes at least two distinct neuropeptides; one, hug-γ, has homology to an ecdysone triggering hormone and a second, Drm-PK-2, is a pyrokinin with myostimulatory activity
Insulin-like peptide 6 an insulin-like peptide that is produced by the fat body - induced by metabolic stress - promotes growth in conditions of nutritional deprivation or following developmentally induced cessation of feeding
Insulin-like peptide 7
Ilp7-producing neurons are wired with Insulin-producing cells - regulation of feeding behavior - The former cells regulate the
latter to facilitate larval development at high temperatures and
to regulate systemic Insulin signaling in adults feeding on
calorie-rich food lacking dietary yeast - acute release of hub
neuron-derived insulin-like peptide 7 and cognate relaxin family receptor signaling in downstream neurons are required for noxious light avoidance - knockout of dilp7 causes increase in glycogen levels and simultaneous decrease in triglyceride levels at low protein consumption
Insulin-like peptide 8
ensures developmental stability and robustness - delays metamorphosis by inhibiting ecdysone biosynthesis thus slowing growth in the imaginal discs - coordinates tgrowth status of tissues with developmental timing
Insulin-related peptide Insulin-like growth factor that functions as a growth stimulator - regulates of trehalose metabolism
Ion transport peptide
an endocrine regulator of thirst and excretion, which integrates water homeostasis with feeding - regulates sleep through the photoperiod network - expressed in pars lateralis neurosecretory neurons, three hindgut-innervating neurons in abdominal ganglia, and a stage-specific number of interneurons and peripheral bipolar neurons
jelly belly a secreted ligand that contains an LDL receptor repeat - required for visceral mesoderm development
Keren ligand for Epidermal growth factor receptor - homolog of Spitz with partially independent functional activity - provides an autocrine mitogenic stimulus in midgut progenitor cells
Laminin A laminin - extracellular matrix protein
Laminin B1 extracellular matrix protein - required for normal accumulation of basement membrane components - involved in morphogenesis of gut, trachea, muscles and nervous system
limostatin
secreted hormone, regulates insulin pathway, suppresses insulin secretion by insulin-producing cells following starvation, localized to glucose-sensing, endocrine corpora cardiaca (CC) cells associated with the gut
Lipophorin receptor 1 & Lipophorin receptor 2
a secreted receptor that promotes the extracellular lipolysis of lipophorins - neutral lipid uptake - LpR1 facilitates uptake of the serpin Necrotic in oocytes and cells of imaginal discs
lusholfactant-binding-protein, lipocalin family
magu (common alternative name: Pentagone)
a secreted protein that acts in a regulatory feedback during establishment and maintenance of BMP/Dpp morphogen signalling during wing development - modifies the ability of cells to trap and transduce BMP by fine-tuning the levels of the BMP reception system at the plasma membrane - internalises the Dpp co-receptors Dally and Dally-like protein - required for Wg signalling - spermatogenesis
maverick
TGFβ family ligand - concentrated in the foregut - broad expression pattern suggests that signaling could be permissive rather than instructive during stomatogastric nervous system precursor migration - neuromuscular junction glia release Maverick, which likely activates the muscle activin-type receptor Punt to potently modulate Gbb-dependent retrograde signaling and synaptic growth
Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor
a secreted protein - unfolded protein response - immune modulation - expressed in glial cells - supports the dopaminergic system in non-cell-autonomous manner
Metchnikowin
an antifungal peptide that is secreted from the fat body during the systemic immune response\ - expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by the immune deficiency and/or Toll pathways - targets the iron-sulfur subunit (SdhB) of succinate-coenzyme Q reductase - interferes with F. graminearum cell wall biosynthesis by targeting the β(1,3)-glucanosyltransferase Gel1, which is responsible for β(1,3)-glucan chain elongation in the cell wall
mind the gap
secreted carbohydrate-binding protein involved in synapse assembly - modifier of signaling by the ligand Jelly belly and its receptor Alk
Multiplexin
homolog of Collagen XV/XVIII, a matrix protein that can be proteolytically cleaved to release Endostatin, an antiangiogenesis signaling factor - required for normal calcium channel abundance, presynaptic calcium influx, and neurotransmitter release - functions in motor axon pathfinding
myoglianinsecreted Transforming growth factor-beta family ligand - secreted by glial cells during larval brain development - for neuronal expression of Ecdysone receptor
Myoinhibiting peptide precursor
ancestral ligand for the Sex peptide receptor - acts directly in the polyamine-detecting olfactory and taste neurons - regulation of polyamine attraction, stabilization of sleep
Netrin-A and Netrin-B secreted factor involved in axonogenesis
Neurexin 1 ligand of neuroligins involved in development and function of synaptic architecture in the brain and neuromuscular junction - glutamergic synapse
neuropeptide F
peptide hormone - developmentally programmed to modify foraging and social behavior in Drosophila larvae
Neurotrophin 1secreted ligand that maintains neuronal survival - expression rescues naturally occurring cell death and enables targeting by motor neurons
obstructor-A
secreted scaffold-like protein - binds chitin - recruits proteins for chitin-matrix growth - modulates secreted scaffold-like protein - binds chitin - recruits proteins for chitin-matrix growth - modulates localization of proteins at the ECM - controls tracheal tube diameter - affects cuticle stiffness during wound repair - promotes morphogenesis and axonal growth in the prothoracic gland
outstretched, unpaired 2 and unpaired 3cytokine-like ligands - activators of JAK/STAT signaling pathway
pericardin collagen-like extracellular matrix protein involved in heart development
PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 1
ligands that orchestrate migratory patterns of hemocytes at the embryonic ventral midline - essential cell autonomously for proper positioning of the salivary glands - border cell migration
PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 2 and PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 3
ligand - orchestrate migratory patterns of hemocytes - essential cell autonomously for proper positioning of the salivary glands
Pigment-dispersing factor
neuropeptide
Prothoracicotropic hormone
developmental timing cue involved in promoting larval development and eclosion
pyramus and thisbe
FGFs involved in mesodermal development - ligands for Heartless
scabrous secreted - fibrinogen family
screw TGF-ß superfamily - DPP signaling
Secreted decoy of InR insulin-binding
protein - negative regulator of insulin signaling - regulation of body size - receptor-like decoy molecule
Semaphorin-2a and Semaphorin-2b secreted - Ig superfamily - axon guidance
Serrate transmembrane - EGF homolog - ligand for Notch
sex-peptide (preferred name: Accessory gland peptide 70A)
male ejaculate accessory gland protein - decreases female receptivity and stimulates egg production in the first mating of virgin females
shifted
ortholog of the human Wnt inhibitory factor - required for Hh stability and for lipid-modified Hh diffusion - colocalizes with Hh in the extracellular matrix and interacts with the heparan sulfate proteoglycans
short gastrulation chordin homolog - segment polarity
short neuropeptide F precursor
neuropeptide that engenders ERK-mediated insulin expression and thus systemically modulates growth, metabolism and lifespan
sidestep Ig domain cell adhesion molecule - ligand for Beaten path Ia - axon guidance
slit extracellular - egf like
spätzle secreted - ligand for toll
spatzle 5
neurotrophin - a ligand for the Toll-related receptors - acts as Toll-6 and Toll-7 ligands in the promotion of motor axon targeting and neuronal survival in CNS - involved in synaptic
targeting in the development of specific neurons at the neuromuscular junction - secreted from fat body to facilitates the elimination of scrib clones by binding to Toll-6
spitz ligand for Egf-r - egf/tgf alpha homolog
stranded at second
Sas and the receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase PTP10D function as the cell-surface ligand-receptor system that drives tumour-suppressive cell competition - trans-activation of Sas-PTP10D signalling in loser cells restrains EGFR signalling cell elimination and thereby enables elevated JNK signalling in loser cells, triggering cell elimination - expression of Sas in neurons and glia and Ptp10D expressed on longitudinal axons are required to prevent axons from abnormally crossing the midline
stunted
a circulating insulinotropic peptide produced by fat cells - modulates physiological insulin levels in response to nutrients ε-subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase - required for normal spindle orientation during embryonic divisions
Tachykinin a secreted neuropeptide that regulates aggression, response to metabolic stress, and insulin-producing cells
takeoutsecreted ligand-binding protein
tenectin
extracellular matrix - neuromuscular junction - synaptic cleft - presynapse - postsynapse - integrin
ligand - wing morphogenesis - male genital looping - diameter expansion of the hindgut tube
terribly reduced optic lobesextracellular matrix component - homolog of perlecan - regulates larval neuroblast division by modulating both FGF and Hedgehog signaling
thisbe and pyramus
FGFs involved in mesodermal development - ligands for Heartless
Thrombospondin
extracellular matrix ligand produced by tendon cells - essential for the formation of the integrin-mediated myotendinous junction
Tiggrin secreted - extracellular matrix
tolkin common alternative name: tolloid-related-1 BMP-1 homolog - metalloprotease
tolloid secreted BMP-1 homolog - metalloprotease
tolloid-related-1 (preferred name: tolkin) secreted BMP-1 homolog - metalloprotease
Transforming growth factor beta at 60A
(preferred name: glass bottom boat) TGF-beta superfamily - BMP 7 homolog
trunk secreted - ligand for torso
turtle Ig superfamily - ligand or co-receptor - required to restrain dendrite branch formation in neurons with simple arbors, and to promote dendrite self-avoidance in neurons with complex arbors - regulates the tiling pattern of R7 photoreceptor terminals
twisted gastrulation secreted growth factor
VAMP-associated protein of 33kDa ortholog A (common alternative name: Vap-33-1)cleaved secreted ligand for Eph receptors - plays a conserved role in synaptic homeostasis
vein EGF domain and Ig domain - ligand for EGF-receptor
viking along with Collagen IV, the main component of basement membranes - synthesized by the fat body, secreted to the hemolymph, and incorporated into the basement membrane - determines organ shape - regulates BMP signaling
wingless
ligand - wnt family - segment polarity
Wnt oncogene analog 6
required for >maxillary palp formation - oogenesis, anterior escort cells are maintained by Wnt6 signaling - required for germline stem cell maintenance
Wnt8 (common alternative name: WntD)Wnt family ligand - involved in establishment dorsal/ventral patterning and the immune response
Wnt oncogene analog 2 ligand - Wnt family
Wnt oncogene analog 4 ligand - TGF-B homolog - mesodermal
Wnt oncogene analog 5 Wnt superfamily ligand involved in axon guidance and salivary gland morphogenesis
wrapper Immunoglobulin domain ligand - present in midline glia - required, along with neuronally-expressed Neurexin IV, for ensheathment of commissural axons
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Drosophila genes listed by biochemical function
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