Sex lethal

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Bashaw, G. J. and Baker, B. S., (1995). The msl-2 dosage compensation gene of Drosophila encodes a putative DNA-binding protein whose expression is sex specifically regulated by Sex-lethal. Development 121: 3245-3258. PubMed Citation: 7588059

Bashaw, G. J. and Baker, B. S. (1997). The regulation of Drosophila msl-2 gene reveals a function for Sex-lethal in translational control. Cell 89: 789-798. PubMed Citation: 9182767

Beckmann, K., et al. (2005). A dual inhibitory mechanism restricts msl-2 mRNA translation for dosage compensation in Drosophila. Cell 122: 529-540. 16122421

Bell, L. R., et al. (1988). Sex-lethal, a Drosophila sex determination switch gene, exhibits sex-specific RNA splicing and sequence similarity to RNA binding proteins. Cell 55: 1037-1046. PubMed Citation: 3144435

Bernstein, M. and Cline, T. W. (1994). Differential effects of Sex-lethal mutations on dosage compensation early in Drosophila development. Genetics 136: 1051-61. PubMed Citation: 8005414

Bhadra, U., Pal-Bhadra, M. and Birchler, J. A. (2000). Histone acetylation and gene expression analysis of Sex lethal mutants in Drosophila. Genetics 155: 753-763. PubMed Citation: 10835396

Bhattacharya, A., et al. (1999). flex, an X-linked female-lethal mutation in Drosophila melanogaster controls the expression of Sex-lethal. Development 126: 5485-5493. PubMed Citation: 10556072

Bopp, D., et al. (1993). Expression of the Sex-lethal gene is controlled at multiple levels during Drosophila oogenesis. Development 118: 797-812. PubMed Citation: 8076518

Bopp, D., et al. (1996). Sex-specific control of Sex-lethal is a conserved mechanism for sex determination in the genus Drosophila. Development 122: 971-982. PubMed Citation: 8631274

Bopp, D., et al. (1999). Recombination and disjunction in female germ cells of Drosophila depend on the germline activity of the gene Sex-lethal. Development 126: 5785-5794. PubMed Citation: 10572053

Chaouki, A. S. and Salz, H. K. (2006). Drosophila SPF45: A bifunctional protein with roles in both splicing and DNA repair. PLoS Genet. 2(12): e178. Medline abstract: 17154718

Cline, T. W., et al. (1999). Functioning of the Drosophila integral U1/U2 protein Snf independent of U1 and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles is revealed by snf⁺ gene dose effects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96(25): 14451-8. PubMed Citation: 10588726

Deshpande, G., Samuels, M. E. and Schedl, P. D. (1996). Sex-lethal interacts with splicing factors in vitro and in vivo. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 5036-5047. PubMed Citation: 8756662

Deshpande, G., Calhoun, G. and Schedl, P. D. (1999). The N-terminal domain of Sxl protein disrupts Sxl autoregulation in females and promotes female-specific splicing of tra in males. Development 126: 2841-2853. PubMed Citation: 10357929

Deshpande, G., et al. (2005). Nanos downregulates transcription and modulates CTD phosphorylation in the soma of early Drosophila embryos. Mech. Dev. 122(5): 645-57. 15817222

Duncan, K., et al. (2006). Sex-lethal imparts a sex-specific function to UNR by recruiting it to the msl-2 mRNA 3' UTR: translational repression for dosage compensation. Genes Dev. 20: 368-379. 16452508

Erickson, J. W. and Cline, T. W. (1993). A bZIP protein, sisterless-a, collaborates with bHLH transcription factors early in Drosophila development to determine sex. Genes Dev 7: 1688-702

Erickson, J. W., Cline, T. W. (1998). Key aspects of the primary sex determination mechanism are conserved across the genus Drosophila. Development 125(16): 3259-3268.

Estes, P. A., Keyes, L. N. and Schedl, P. (1995). Multiple response elements in the Sex-lethal early promoter ensure its female-specific expression pattern. Mol Cell Biol 15: 904-917

Flickinger, T. W. and Salz, H. K. (1994). The Drosophila sex determination gene snf encodes a nuclear protein with sequence and functional similarity to the mammalian U1A snRNP protein. Genes Dev. 8: 914-925

Gawande, B., Robida, M. D., Rahn, A. and Singh, R. (2006) Drosophila Sex-lethal protein mediates polyadenylation switching in the female germline. EMBO J. 25(6): 1263-72. 16511567

Gebauer, F., et al. (1998). The Drosophila splicing regulator Sex-lethal directly inhibits translation of Male-specific-lethal 2 mRNA. RNA 4(2): 142-50.

Gebauer, F., et al. (1999). Translational control of dosage compensation in Drosophila by Sex-lethal: cooperative silencing via the 5' and 3' UTRs of msl-2 mRNA is independent of the poly(A) tail. EMBO J. 18: 6146-6154.

Gebauer, F., Grskovic, M. and Hentze, M. W. (2003). Drosophila Sex-lethal inhibits the stable association of the 40S ribosomal subunit with msl-2 mRNA. Molec. Cell 11: 1397-1404. 12769862

Gorman, M. Kuroda, M. I. and Baker, B. S. (1993). Regulation of the sex-specific binding of the maleless dosage compensation protein to the male X chromosome in Drosophila. Cell 72: 39-49

Granadino, B., Santamaria, P. and Sanchez, L. (1993). Sex determination in the germ line of Drosophila melanogaster: activation of the gene Sex-lethal. Development 118: 813-816

Granadino, B., et al. (1997). Distinct mechanisms of splicing regulation in vivo by the Drosophila protein sex-lethal. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94(14): 7343-7348.

Grskovic, M., Hentze, M. W. and Gebauer, F. (2003). A co-repressor assembly nucleated by Sex-lethal in the 3'UTR mediates translational control of Drosophila msl-2 mRNA. EMBO J. 22: 5571-5581. 14532129

Haag, E. S. and Doty, A. V. (2005). Sex determination across evolution: connecting the dots. PLoS Biol. 3(1): e21. 15660158

Hager, J. H. and Cline, T. W. (1997). Induction of female Sex-lethal RNA splicing in male germ cells: implications for Drosophila germline sex determination. Development 124(24): 5033-5048.

Handa, N., et al. (1999). Structural basis for recognition of the tra mRNA precursor by the Sex-lethal protein. Nature 398(6728): 579-85.

Hilfiker, A., et al. (1995). The gene virilizer is required for female-specific splicing controlled by Sxl, the master gene for sexual development in Drosophila. Development 121: 4017-4026

Horabin, J. I. and Schedl, P. (1993a). Regulated splicing of the Drosophila sex-lethal male exon involves a blockage mechanism. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 1408-14

Horabin, J. I. and Schedl, P. (1993b). Sex-lethal autoregulation requires multiple cis-acting elements upstream and downstream of the male exon and appears to depend largely on controlling the use of the male exon 5' splice site. Mol Cell Biol 13: 7734-46

Horabin, J. I., Walthall, S., Vied, C. and Moses, M. (2003). A positive role for Patched in Hedgehog signaling revealed by the intracellular trafficking of Sex-lethal, the Drosophila sex determination master switch. Development 130: 6101-6109. 14597576

Horabin, J. I. (2005). Splitting the Hedgehog signal: sex and patterning in Drosophila. Development 132(21): 4801-10. 16207758

Hoshijima, K., et al. (1995). Transcriptional regulation of the Sex-lethal gene by helix-loop-helix proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 23: 3441-3448

Inoue, K., Hoshijima, K., Sakamoto, H. and Shimura, Y. (1990). Binding of the Drosophila Sex-lethal gene product to the alternative splice site of transformer primary transcript. Nature 344: 461-463. 1690860

Janzer, B. and Steinmann-Zwicky, M. (2001). Cell-autonomous and somatic signals control sex-specific gene expression in XY germ cells of Drosophila. Mech. Dev. 100: 3-13. 11118879

Jiménez, G., Pinchin, S. M. and Ish-Horowicz, D. (1996). In vivo interactions of the Drosophila Hairy and Runt transcriptional repressors with target promoters. EMBO J. 7088-7098

Jinks, T. M., et al. (2000). The JAK/STAT signaling pathway is required for the initial choice of sexual identity in Drosophila melanogaster. Molec. Cell 5: 581-587

Jursnich, V. A. and Burtis, K. C. (1993). A positive role in differentiation for the male doublesex protein of Drosophila. Dev Biol 155: 235-49

Kanaar, R., et al. (1995). Interaction of the sex-lethal RNA binding domains with RNA. EMBO J. 14: 4530-4539

Kelley, R. L., et al. (1997). Sex lethal controls dosage compensation in Drosophila by a non-splicing mechanism. Nature 387 (6629): 195-199.

Keyes, L. N., Cline, T. W. and Schedl, P. (1992). The primary sex determination signal of Drosophila acts at the level of transcription. Cell 68: 933-943

Kramer, S. G., et al. (1999). Direct activation of Sex-lethal transcription by the Drosophila Runt protein. Development 126: 191-200.

Lallena, M. J., et al. (2002). Splicing regulation at the second catalytic step by Sex-lethal involves 3' splice site recognition by SPF45. Cell 109(3): 285-96. Medline abstract: 12015979

Lee, A. L., et al. (1997). Chemical shift mapping of the RNA-binding interface of the multiple-RBD protein Sex-lethal. Biochemistry 36(47): 14306-17.

Li, L.-H. and Gergen, J. P. (1999). Differential interactions between Brother proteins and Runt domain proteins in the Drosophila embryo and eye. Development 126: 3313-3322.

McDowell, K. A., Hilfiker, A. and Lucchesi, J. C. (1996). Dosage compensation in Drosophila: the X chromosome binding of MSL-1 and MSL-2 in female embryos is prevented by the early expression of the Sxl gene. Mech. Dev. 57 113-119

Mével-Nino, M., et al. (1996). The three dominant female-sterile mutations of the Drosophila ovo gene are point mutations that create new translation-initiator AUG codons. Dev. Biol 122: 4131-38.

Meise, M., et al. (1998). Sex-lethal, the master sex-determining gene in Drosophila, is not sex-specifically regulated in Musca domestica. Development 125(8): 1487-1494.

Meller, V. H., et al. (1997). roX1 RNA paints the X chromosome of male Drosophila and is regulated by the dosage compensation system. Cell 88: 445-457

Nagengast, A. A., et al. (2003). Sex-lethal splicing autoregulation in vivo: interactions between SEX-LETHAL, the U1 snRNP and U2AF underlie male exon skipping. Development 130: 463-471. 12490553

Oliver, B., Kim, Y. J. and Baker, B. S. (1993). Sex-lethal, master and slave: a hierarchy of germ-line sex determination in Drosophila. Development 119: 897-908

Oliver, B., et al. (1994). Function of Drosophila ovo+ in germ-line sex determination depends on X-chromosome number. Development 120: 3185-3195

Palmer, M. J., et al. (1994). Sex-specific regulation of the male-specific lethal-1 dosage compensation gene in Drosophila. Genes Dev 8: 698-706

Pauli, D., Oliver, B. and Mahowald, P. A. (1993). The role of the ovarian tumor locus in Drosophila melanogaster germ line sex determination. Development 119: 123-34

Penalva, L. O. F., et al. (2000). The Drosophila fl(2)d gene, required for female-specific splicing of Sxl and tra pre-mRNAs, encodes a novel nuclear protein with a HQ-rich romain. Genetics 155: 129-139.

Penn, J. K. M. and Schedl, P. (2007). The master switch gene Sex-lethal promotes female development by negatively regulating the N-signaling pathway. Dev. Cell 12: 275-286. Medline abstract: 17276344

Pultz, M.A. and Baker, B.S. (1995). The dual role of hermaphrodite in the Drosophila sex determination regulatory hierarchy. Development 121: 99-111

Saccone, G., et al. (1998). The Ceratitis capitata homologue of the Drosophila sex-determining gene Sex-lethal is structurally conserved, but not sex-specifically regulated. Development 125(8): 1495-1500.

Sakashita, E. and Sakamoto, H. (1994). Characterization of RNA binding specificity of the Drosophila sex-lethal protein by in vitro ligand selection. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4082-4086

Salz, H. K. and Flickinger, T. W. (1996). Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in snf define a role for snRNP proteins in regulating Sex-lethal pre-mRNA splicing in Drosophila development. Genetics 144: 95-108.

Samuels, M. E., Schedl, P. and Cline, T. W. (1991). The complex set of late transcripts from the Drosophila sex determination gene sex-lethal encodes multiple related polypeptides. Mol Cell Biol 11: 3584-602

Samuels, M., Deshpande, G. and Schedl, P. (1998). Activities of the Sex-lethal protein in RNA binding and protein:protein interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 26(11): 2625-37.

Schutt, C., Hilfiker, A. and Nothiger, R. (1998). virilizer regulates Sex-lethal in the germline of Drosophila melanogaster. Development 125(8): 1501-1507.

Sefton, L., et al. (2000). An extracellular activator of the Drosophila JAK/STAT pathway is a sex-determination signal element. Nature 405: 970-973.

Serna, E., Gorab, E., Ruiz, M. F,, Goday, C., Eirin-Lopez, J. M. and Sanchez, L. (2004). The gene Sex-lethal of the Sciaridae family (order Diptera, suborder Nematocera) and its phylogeny in dipteran insects. Genetics 168(2): 907-21. 15514063

Sosnowski, B. A., Belote, J. M. and McKeown, M. (1989). Sex-specific alternative splicing of RNA from the transformer gene results from sequence-dependent splice site blockage. Cell 58: 449-459. 2503251

Sosnowski, B. A., et al. (1994). Multiple portions of a small region of the Drosophila transformer gene are required for efficient in vivo sex-specific regulated RNA splicing and in vitro sex-lethal binding. Dev Biol 161: 302-12

Starr, D. and Cline, T. W. (2002). A host–parasite interaction rescues Drosophila oogenesis defects. Nature 418: 76-79. 12097909

Taylor, B. J., (1992). Differentiation of a male-specific muscle in Drosophila melanogaster does not require the sex-determining genes doublesex or intersex. Genetics 132: 179-91

Tompkins, L. and McRobert, S. P. (1995). Behavioral and pheromonal phenotypes associated with expression of loss-of-function mutations in the sex-lethal gene of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Neurogenet. 9255: 219-226

Torres, M and Sanchez, L. (1992). The segmentation gene runt is needed to activate Sex-lethal, a gene that controls sex determination and dosage compensation in Drosophila. Genet Res 59: 189-98

Vied, C. and Horabin, J. I. (2001). The sex determination master switch, Sex-lethal, responds to Hedgehog signaling in the Drosophila germline. Development 128: 2649-2660. 11526072

Vied, C., Halachmi, N., Salzberg, A. and Horabin, J. I. (2003). Antizyme is a target of Sex-lethal in the Drosophila germline and appears to act downstream of Hedgehog to regulate Sex-lethal and Cyclin B. Dev. Bio. 253: 214-229. 12645926

Wang, J, and Bell, R. L. (1994). The Sex-lethal amino terminus mediates cooperative interactions in RNA binding and is essential for splicing regulation. Genes Dev. 8: 2072-85

Wang, J., Dong, Z. and Bell, L. R. (1997). Sex-lethal interactions with protein and RNA. Roles Of glycine-rich and RNA binding domains. J. Biol. Chem. 272(35): 22227-22235.

Waterbury, J. A., Horabin, J. I., Bopp, D. and Schedl, (2000). Sex determination in the Drosophila germline is dictated by the sexual identity of the surrounding soma. Genetics 155: 1741-1756. 10924471

Yang, D., et al. (2001). Interpretation of X chromosome dose at Sex-lethal requires non-E-Box sites for the basic helix-loop-helix proteins SISB and Daughterless. Mol. Cell. Bio. 21: 1581-1592. 11238895

Yanowitz, J. L., et al. (1999). An N-terminal truncation uncouples the sex-transforming and dosage compensation functions of Sex-lethal. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 3018-3028.

Zhou, S., et al. (1995). Male-specific lethal 2, a dosage compensation gene of Drosophila, undergoes sex-specific regulation and encodes a protein with a RING finger and a metallothionein-like cysteine cluster. EMBO J. 14: 2884-2895

Zhu, C., Urano, J. and Bell. L. R. (1997). The Sex-lethal early splicing pattern uses a default mechanism dependent on the alternative 5' Splice Sites. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 1674-81

date revised: 25 August 2007

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