period


REFERENCES

Akashi, M. and Nishida, E. (2000). Involvement of the MAP kinase cascade in resetting of the mammalian circadian clock. Genes Dev. 14: 645-649.

Akiyama, M., et al. (1999). Inhibition of light- or glutamate-induced mPer1 expression represses the phase shifts into the mouse circadian locomotor and suprachiasmatic firing rhythms. J. Neurosci. 19(3): 1115-1121.

Akten, B., et al. (2003). A role for CK2 in the Drosophila circadian oscillator. Nature Neurosci. 6: 251-257. 12563262

Albrecht, U., et al. (1997). A differential response of two putative mammalian circadian regulators, mper1 and mper2, to light. Cell 91(7): 1055-1064.

Allada, R., et al. (1998). A mutant Drosophila homolog of mammalian Clock disrupts circadian rhythms and transcription of period and timeless. Cell 93: 791-804.

Andretic, R., Chaney, S. and Hirsh, J. (1999). Requirement of circadian genes for cocaine sensitization in Drosophila. Science 285: 1066-8.

Andretic, R. and Hirsh, J. (2000). Circadian modulation of dopamine receptor responsiveness in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 1873-1878.

Antoch, M. P., et al. (1997). Functional identification of the mouse circadian clock gene by transgenic BAC rescue. Cell 89: 655-667.

Asai, M., et al. (2001). Visualization of mPer1 transcription in vitro: NMDA induces a rapid phase shift of mPer1 gene in cultured SCN. Curr. Biol. 11: 1524-1527. 11591320

Bae, K., et al. (2001). Differential functions of mPer1, mPer2, and mPer3 in the SCN circadian clock. Neuron 30: 525-536. 11395012

Bao, S., et al. (2001). The Drosophila double-timeS mutation delays the nuclear accumulation of period protein and affects the feedback regulation of period mRNA. J. Neurosci. 21(18): 7117-7126. 11549722

Beaver, L. M., et al. (2002). Loss of circadian clock function decreases reproductive fitness in males of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 99: 2134-2139. 11854509

Beaver, L. M. and Giebultowicz, J. M. (2004). Regulation of Copulation Duration by period and timeless in Drosophila melanogaster. Curr. Biol. 14: 1492-1497. 15324667

Belvin, M. P., Zhou, H. and Yin, J. C. (1999). The Drosophila dCREB2 gene affects the circadian clock. Neuron 22(4): 777-87.

Ben-Shlomo, R., Ritte, U. and Nevo, E. (1996). Circadian rhythm and the per ACNGGN repeat in the mole rat, Spalax ehrenbergi. Behav. Genet. 26: 177-184

Blanchardon, E., Grima, B., Klarsfeld, A., Chelot, E., Hardin, P. E., Preat, T., and Rouyer, F. (2001). Defining the role of Drosophila lateral neurons in the control of circadian rhythms in motor activity and eclosion by targeted genetic ablation and PERIOD protein overexpression. Eur. J. Neurosci. 13: 871-888. 11264660

Boothroyd, C. E., Wijnen, H., Naef, F., Saez, L. and Young, M. W. (2007). Integration of light and temperature in the regulation of circadian gene expression in Drosophila. PLoS Genet. 3(4): e54. PubMed citation: 17411344

Brandes, C., et al. (1996). Novel features of Drosophila period transcription revealed by real-time luciferase reporting. Neuron 16: 687-692. 8607986

Brown, S. A., et al. (2005). PERIOD1-associated proteins modulate the negative limb of the mammalian circadian oscillator. Science 308(5722): 693-6. 15860628

Chang, D. C. and Reppert, S. M. (2003). A novel C-terminal domain of Drosophila PERIOD inhibits dCLOCK:CYCLE-mediated transcription. Curr. Biol. 13: 758-762. 12725734

Chaves, I., et al. (2006). Functional evolution of the photolyase/cryptochrome protein family: importance of the C terminus of mammalian CRY1 for circadian core oscillator performance. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26(5): 1743-53. 16478995

Cheng, Y., Gvakharia, B. and Hardin, P. E. (1998). Two alternatively spliced transcripts from the Drosophila period gene rescue rhythms having different molecular and behavioral characteristics. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18(11): 6505-14.

Cheng, P., et al. (2001). Coiled-coil domain-mediated FRQ-FRQ interaction is essential for its circadian clock function in Neurospora. EMBO J. 20: 101-8. 11226160

Citri, Y., et al. (1987). A family of unusually spliced bioloically active transcripts encoded by the Drosophila clock gene. Nature 326: 42-47

Claridge-Chang, A., et al. (2001). Circadian regulation of gene expression systems in the Drosophila head. Neuron 32: 657-671. 11719206

Collins, B. H., Rosato, E. and Kyriacou, C. P. (2004). Seasonal behavior in Drosophila melanogaster requires the photoreceptors, the circadian clock, and phospholipase C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 101: 1945-1950. 14766972

Collins, B. H., et al. (2005). Disruption of Cryptochrome partially restores circadian rhythmicity to the arrhythmic period mutant of Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102: 19021-19026. 16361445

Collins, B., Mazzoni, E. O., Stanewsky, R. and Blau, J. (2006). Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME is a circadian transcriptional repressor. Curr. Biol. 16(5): 441-9. 16527739

Collett, M. A., et al. (2001). Circadian clock-specific roles for the light response protein WHITE COLLAR-2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 2619-2628. 11283242

Costa, R., et al. (1992). A latitudinal cline in a Drosophila clock gene. Proc. Royal Soc. London B. 250: 43-49

Crosthwaite, S. K., Dunlap, J. C. and Loros, J. J. (1997). Neurospora wc-1 and wc-2: transcription, photoresponses, and the origins of circadian rhythmicity. Science 276(5313): 763-9. 9115195

Curtin, K., Huang, Z.J. and Rosbash, M. (1995). Temporally regulated nuclear entry of the Drosophila period protein contributes to the circadian clock. Neuron 14: 365-372

Darlington, T. K., et al. (1998). Closing the circadian loop: CLOCK-induced transcription of its own inhibitors per and tim. Science 280(5369): 1599-1603 . 98279147

de la Iglesia, H. O., et al. (2004). Forced desynchronization of dual circadian oscillators within the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Curr. Biol. 14: 796-800. 15120072

Dembinska, M. E., et al. (1997). Circadian cycling of a PERIOD-beta-galactosidase fusion protein in Drosophila: evidence for cyclical degradation. J. Biol. Rhythms 12(2): 157-72.

Doi, M., et al. (2001). Light-induced phase-delay of the chicken pineal circadian clock is associated with the induction of cE4bp4, a potential transcriptional repressor of cPer2 gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Vol. 98: 8089-8094. 11427718

Doi, M., et al. (2004). Negative control of circadian clock regulator E4BP4 by Casein kinase I-mediated phosphorylation. Curr. Biol. 14: 975-980. 15182670

Durgan, D. J., et al. (2006). The circadian clock within the cardiomyocyte is essential for responsiveness of the heart to fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 281(34): 24254-69. 16798731

Edery, I., et al. (1994). Temporal phosphorylation of the Drosophila period protein. Proc. Nat'l. Acad. Sci. 91: 2260-2264. 8134384

Emery, I. F., et al. (1997). Rhythms of Drosophila period gene expression in culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 4092-4096. 9108110

Emery, P., So, W. V., Kaneko, M., Hall, J. C. and Rosbash, M. (1998). CRY, a Drosophila clock and light-regulated cryptochrome, is a major contributor to circadian rhythm resetting and photosensitivity. Cell 95(5): 669-79.

Ewer, J., et al. (1992). Expression of the period clock gene within different cell types in the brain of Drosophila adults and mosaic analysis of these cells' influence on circadian behavior rhythms. J. Neurosci. 12: 3321-49

Fang, Y., Sathyanarayanan, S. and Sehgal, A. (2007). Post-translational regulation of the Drosophila circadian clock requires protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). Genes Dev 21: 1506-1518. Medline abstract: 17575052

Fu, L., et al. (2002). The circadian gene Period2 plays an important role in tumor suppression and DNA damage response in vivo. Cell 111: 41-50. 12507431

Fujii, S., Krishnan, P., Hardin, P. and Amrein, H. (2007). Nocturnal male sex drive in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 17(3): 244-51. Medline abstract: 17276917

Garceau, N. Y., et al. (1997). Alternative initiation of translation and time-specific phosphorylation yield multiple forms of the essential clock protein Frequency. Cell 89: 469-476

Giebultowicz, J. M. and Hege, D. M. (1997). Circadian clock in Malpighian tubules. Nature 386: 664

Glossop, N. R., Lyons, L. C. and Hardin, P. E. (1999). Interlocked feedback loops within the Drosophila circadian oscillator. Science 286(5440): 766-8.

Gör, M., et al. (2002). A PEST-like element in FREQUENCY determines the length of the circadian period in Neurospora crassa. EMBO J. 20: 7074-7084. 11742984

Griffin, E. A., Staknis, D. and Weitz, C. J. (1999). Light-independent role of CRY1 and CRY2 in the mammalian circadian clock. Science 286(5440): 768-71.

Grima, B., et al. (2002). The F-box protein Slimb controls the levels of clock proteins Period and Timeless. Nature 420: 178-182. 12432393

Grima, B., Chelot, E., Xia. R. and Rouyer, F. (2004). Morning and evening peaks of activity rely on different clock neurons of the Drosophila brain. Nature 431: 869-873. 15483616

Hamblen, M. J., et al. (1998). Molecular and behavioral analysis of four period mutants in Drosophila melanogaster encompassing extreme short, novel long, and unorthodox arrhythmic types. Genetics 149(1): 165-178.

Hao, H., Allen, D. L. and Hardin, P. E. (1997). A circadian enhancer mediates PER-dependent mRNA cycling in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17(7): 3687-3693.

Hao, H., et al. (1999). The 69 bp circadian regulatory sequence (CRS) mediates per-like developmental, spatial, and circadian expression and behavioral rescue in Drosophila. J. Neurosci. 19(3): 987-94.

Hardin, P.E., Hall, J.C. and Rosbash, M. (1990). Feedback of the Drosophila period gene product on circadian cycling of its messenger RNA levels. Nature 343: 536-540

He, Q., et al. (2003). FWD1-mediated degradation of FREQUENCY in Neurospora establishes a conserved mechanism for circadian clock regulation. EMBO J. 22: 4421-4430. 12941694

He, Q., et al. (2006). CKI and CKII mediate the FREQUENCY-dependent phosphorylation of the WHITE COLLAR complex to close the Neurospora circadian negative feedback loop. Genes Dev. 20(18): 2552-65. Medline abstract: 16980584

Hege, D. M., et al. (1997). Rhythmic expression of a PER-reporter in the Malpighian tubules of decapitated Drosophila: evidence for a brain-independent circadian clock. J. Biol. Rhythms 12(4): 300-8.

Heintzen, C., Loros, J. J. and Dunlap, J. C. (2001). The PAS protein VIVID defines a clock-associated feedback loop that represses light input, modulates gating, and regulates clock resetting. Cell 104: 453-464. 11239402

Helfrich-Förster, C. (1995). The period clock gene is expressed in central nervous system neurons which also produce a neuropeptide that reveals the projections of circadian pacemaker cells within the brain of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92: 612-616

Helfrich-Forster, C. (1997). Development of pigment-dispersing hormone-immunoreactive neurons in the nervous system of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Comp. Neurol. 380 (3): 335-354

Hogenesch, J.B., Gu, Y.-Z., Jain, S., and Bradfield, C.A. (1998). The basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS orphan MOP3 forms transcriptionally active complexes with circadian and hypoxia factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95: 5474-5479.

Horikawa, K., et al. (2000). Nonphotic entrainment by 5-HT1A/7 receptor agonists accompanied by reduced Per1 and Per2 mRNA levels in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. J. Neurosci. 20(15): 5867-5873. 10908630

Huang, Z.J., Edery, I. and Rosbash, M. (1993). PAS is a dimerization domain common to Drosophila Period and several transcription factors. Nature 364: 259-262. 8391649

Jakubcakova, V., et al. (2007). Light entrainment of the mammalian circadian clock by a PRKCA-dependent posttranslational mechanism. Neuron 54(5): 831-43. Medline abstract: 17553429

Jeon, M., et al. (1999). Similarity of the C. elegans developmental timing protein LIN-42 to circadian rhythm proteins. Science 286(5442): 1141-6.

Jin, X., et al. (1999). A molecular mechanism regulating rhythmic output from the suprachiasmatic circadian clock. Cell 96: 57-68.

Kadener, S., Stoleru, D., McDonald, M., Nawathean, P. and Rosbash. M. (2007). Clockwork Orange is a transcriptional repressor and a new Drosophila circadian pacemaker component. Genes Dev. 21(13): 1675-86. Medline abstract: 17578907

Kaneko, M., Helfrich-Forster, C. and Hall, J. C. (1997). Spatial and temporal expression of the period and timeless genes in the developing nervous system of Drosophila: newly identified pacemaker candidates and novel features of clock gene product cycling. J. Neurosci. 17(17): 6745-6760.

King, D. P., et al. (1997a). The mouse Clock mutation behaves as an antimorph and maps within the W19H deletion, distal of Kit. Genetics 146(3): 1049-1060.

King, D. P., et al. (1997b). Positional cloning of the mouse circadian clock gene. Cell 89: 641-653.

Kloss B., et al. (1998). The Drosophila clock gene double-time encodes a protein closely related to human casein kinase Iepsilon. Cell 1998 94(1): 97-107.

Kloss, B., et al. (2001). Phosphorylation of PERIOD is influenced by cycling physical associations of DOUBLE-TIME, PERIOD, and TIMELESS in the Drosophila clock. Neuron 30: 699-706. 11430804

Knopka, and Benzer, S. (1971). Clock mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 68: 2112-2116. 5002428

Ko, H. W., Jiang, J. and Edery, I. (2002). Role for Slimb in the degradation of Drosophila Period protein phosphorylated by Doubletime. Nature 420: 673-678. 12442174

Kwak, E., Kim, T. D. and Kim, K. T. (2006). Essential role of 3'-untranslated region-mediated mRNA decay in circadian oscillations of mouse Period3 mRNA. J. Biol. Chem. 281(28): 19100-6. 16684777

Lear, B. C., et al. (2005). The ion channel Narrow abdomen is critical for neural output of the Drosophila circadian pacemaker. Neuron 48: 965-976. 16364900

Lee, C., et al. (1996). Resetting the Drosophila clock by photic regulation of PER and a PER-TIM complex. Science 271: 1740-1744

Lee, C., Bae, K. and Edery, I. (1998). The Drosophila CLOCK protein undergoes daily rhythms in abundance, phosphorylation, and interactions with the PER-Tim complex. Neuron 21(4): 857-67.

Lee, C., et al. (2001). Posttranslational mechanisms regulate the mammalian circadian clock. Cell 107: 855-867. 11779462

Levine, J. D., et al. (1994). Altered circadian pacemaker functions and cyclic AMP rhythms in the Drosophila learning mutant dunce. Neuron 13: 967-74

Lewis, M. T., Morgan, L. W. and Feldman, J. F. (1997). Analysis of frequency (frq) clock gene homologs: evidence for a helix-turn-helix transcription factor. Mol. Gen. Genet. 253: 401-414

Kadener, S., Stoleru, D., McDonald, M., Nawathean, P. and Rosbash. M. (2007). Clockwork Orange is a transcriptional repressor and a new Drosophila circadian pacemaker component. Genes Dev. 21(13): 1675-86. Medline abstract: 17578907

Lim, C., Chung, B. Y., Pitman, J. L., McGill, J. J., Pradhan, S., Lee, J., Keegan, K. P., Choe, J. and Allada, R. (2007). Clockwork orange encodes a transcriptional repressor important for circadian-clock amplitude in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 17(12): 1082-9. Medline abstract: 17555964

Lin, J.-M., Schroeder, A. and Allada, R. (2005). In vivo circadian function of casein kinase 2 phosphorylation sites in Drosophila PERIOD. J. Neurosci. 25(48): 11175-83. 16319317

Lin, Y, Stormo, G. D. and Taghert, P. H. (2004). The neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor coordinates pacemaker interactions in the Drosophila circadian system. J. Neurosci. 24: 7951-7957. 15356209

Liu, Y., et al. (1997). Thermally Regulated Translational Tontrol of FRQ mediates aspects of temperature responses in the neurospora circadian clock. Cell 89: 477-486

Loop, S., Katzer, M. and Pieler, T. (2005). mPER1-mediated nuclear export of mCRY1/2 is an important element in establishing circadian rhythm. EMBO Rep. 6(4): 341-7. 15791269

Luo, C., Loros, J. J. and Dunlap, J. C. (1998). Nuclear localization is required for function of the essential clock protein FRQ. Embo J. 17(5): 1228-1235.

Majercak, J., Kalderon, D. and Edery, I. (1997). Drosophila melanogaster deficient in protein kinase A manifests behavior-specific arrhythmia but normal clock function. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17(10): 5915-5922.

Majercak, J., Chen, W. F. and Edery, I. (2004). Splicing of the period gene 3'-terminal intron is regulated by light, circadian clock factors, and phospholipase C. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24: 3359-3372. 15060157

Martinek, S. and Young, M. W. (2000). Specific genetic interference with behavioral rhythms in Drosophila by expression of inverted repeats. Genetics 156: 1717-1725. 11102368

Marrus, S. B., Zeng, H. and Rosbash, M. (1996). Effect of constant light and circadian entrainment of perS flies: evidence for light-mediated delay of the negative feedback loop in Drosophila. EMBO J. 15: 6877-6886. 9003764

Matsumoto, A., et al. (2007). A functional genomics strategy reveals clockwork orange as a transcriptional regulator in the Drosophila circadian clock. Genes Dev. 21(13): 1687-700. Medline abstract: 17578908

Maywood, E. S., et al. (1999). Rapid down-regulation of mammalian Period genes during behavioral resetting of the circadian clock. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96: 15211-15216.

McDonald, M. J. and Rosbash, M. (2001). Microarray analysis and organization of circadian gene expression in Drosophila. Cell 107: 567-578. 11733057

McGuire, J., et al. (1995). The basic helix-loop-helix/PAS factor Sim is associated with hsp90. Implications for regulation by interaction with partner factors. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 31353-31357

McNeil, G. P., et al. (1998). A molecular rhythm mediating circadian clock output in Drosophila. Neuron 20(2): 297-303.

Meinertzhagen, L. A. and Pyza, E. (1996). Daily rhythms in the fly's optic lobe: taking time out from the circadian clock. Trends Neurosci. 19: 285-291

Meyer, P., Saez, L. and Young, M. W. (2006). PER-TIM interactions in living Drosophila cells: An interval timer for the circadian clock. Science 311: 226-229. 16410523

Murad, A., Emery-Le, M. and Emery, P. (2007). A subset of dorsal neurons modulates circadian behavior and light responses in Drosophila. Neuron 53(5): 689-701. Medline abstract: 17329209

Myers, E. M., Yu, J. and Sehgal, A. (2003). Circadian control of eclosion: Interaction between a central and peripheral clock in Drosophila melanogaster. Curr. Biol. 13: 526-533. 12646138

Nakajima, Y., et al. (2004). Bidirectional role of orphan nuclear receptor RORalpha in clock gene transcriptions demonstrated by a novel reporter assay system. FEBS Lett. 565(1-3): 122-6. 15135064

Naruse, Y., et al. (2004). Circadian and light-induced transcription of clock gene Per1 depends on histone acetylation and deacetylation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24(14): 6278-87. 15226430

Nawathean, P., Stoleru, D. and Rosbash, M. (2007). A small conserved domain of Drosophila PERIOD is important for circadian phosphorylation, nuclear localization, and transcriptional repressor activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 27(13): 5002-13. PubMed citation: 17452453

Nitabach, M. N., Blau, J. and Holmes, T. C. (2002). Electrical silencing of Drosophila pacemaker neurons stops the free-running circadian clock. Cell 109: 485-495. 12086605

Numano, R., et al. (2006). Constitutive expression of the Period1 gene impairs behavioral and molecular circadian rhythms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103(10): 3716-21. 16537451

Oda-Ishii, I., Bertrand, V., Matsuo, I., Lemaire, P. and Saiga, H. (2005). Making very similar embryos with divergent genomes: conservation of regulatory mechanisms of Otx between the ascidians Halocynthia roretzi and Ciona intestinalis. Development 132(7): 1663-74. 15743880

Oishi, K., Shiota, M., Sakamoto, K., Kasamatsu, M. and Ishida, N. (2004). Feeding is not a more potent Zeitgeber than the light-dark cycle in Drosophila. Neuroreport 15(4): 739-43. 15094488

Okamura, H., et al. (1999). Photic induction of mPer1 and mPer2 in Cry-deficient mice lacking a biological clock. Science 286: 2531-2534.

Oster, H., et al. (2002). Disruption of mCry2 restores circadian rhythmicity in mPer2 mutant mice. Genes Dev. 16: 2633-2638. 11048929

Oster, H., et al. (2003a). cGMP-dependent protein kinase II modulates mPer1 and mPer2 gene induction and influences phase shifts of the circadian clock. Curr. Biol. 13: 725-733. 12725729

Oster, H., et al. (2003b). Loss of circadian rhythmicity in aging mPer1-/- mCry2-/- mutant mice. Genes Dev. 17: 1366-1379. 12782655

Park, J. H., et al. (2000). Differential regulation of circadian pacemaker output by separate clock genes in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 3608-3613.

Partch, C. L., et al. (2006). Posttranslational regulation of the mammalian circadian clock by cryptochrome and protein phosphatase 5. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103(27): 10467-72. 16790549

Peixoto, A. A., et al. (1998). Molecular coevolution within a Drosophila clock gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95(8): 4475-4480.

Piccin, A., et al. (2000). The Clock Gene period of the housefly, Musca domestica, rescues behavioral rhythmicity in Drosophila melanogaster: evidence for intermolecular coevolution? Genetics 154: 747-758.

Pittendrigh, C. S., Bruce, V. and Kaus, P. (1958). On the significance of transients in daily rhythms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 44: 965-973. PubMed citation: 16590298

Plautz, J. D., et al. (1997a). Independent photoreceptive circadian clocks throughout Drosophila. Science 278(5343): 1632-1635.

Plautz, J. D., et al. (1997b). Quantitative analysis of Drosophila period gene transcription in living animals. J. Biol. Rhythms 12(3): 204-17.

Price, J.L., Dembinska, M.E., Young, M.W. and Rosbash, M. (1995). Suppression of period protein abundance and circadian cycling by the Drosophila clock mutation timeless. EMBO J. 14: 4044-4049

Price, J. L., et al. (1998). double-time is a novel Drosophila clock gene that regulates PERIOD protein accumulation. Cell 94(1): 83-95.

Qui, J. and Hardin, P. E. (1996). per mRMA cycling is locked to lights-off under photoperiodic conditions that support circadian feedback loop function. Mol. Cell Biol. 16: 4182-88

Reppert, S.M. and Sauman, I. (1995). period and timeless tango: a dance of two clock genes. Neuron 15: 983-986

Rosato, E., et al. (2001). Light-dependent interaction between Drosophila CRY and the clock protein PER mediated by the carboxy terminus of CRY. Curr. Bio. 11: 909-917. 11448767

Rothenfluh, A., Young, M. W. and Saez, L. (2000b). A TIMELESS-independent function for PERIOD proteins in the Drosophila clock. Neuron 26: 505-514.

Rothenfluh, A., Abodeely, M. and Young, M. W. (2000b). Short-period mutations of per affect a double-time-dependent step in the Drosophila circadian clock. Curr. Biol. 10: 1399-1402. 11084344

Rouyer, F., et al. (1997). A new gene encoding a putative transcription factor regulated by the Drosophila circadian clock. EMBO J. 16(13): 3944-3954.

Rosato, E., et al. (1996). Mutational mechanisms, phylogeny, and evolution of a repetitive region within a clock gene of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Mol. Evol. 42: 392-408

Ruan, G. X., et al. (2006). Circadian organization of the mammalian retina. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 103(25): 9703-8. 16766660

Rutila, J. E., et al. (1996). The timSL Mutant of the Drosophila rhythm gene timeless manifests allele-specific interactions with period gene mutants. Neuron 17, 921-929. 8938124

Rutila, J. E., et al. (1998). CYCLE is a second bHLH-PAS Clock protein essential for circadian rhythmicity and transcription of Drosophila period and timeless. Cell 93: 805-814.

Saez, I., and Young, M.W. (1988). in situ localization of the per clock protein during development of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Cell Biol. 8: 5378-85

Saez, L. and Young, M. W. (1996). Regulated nuclear localization of the Drosophila clock proteins Period and Timeless. Neuron 17: 911-920. 8938123

Sakai, T. and Ishida, N. (2001). Circadian rhythms of female mating activity governed by clock genes in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 98: 9221-9225. 11470898

Sangoram, A. M., et al. (1998). Mammalian circadian autoregulatory loop: a timeless ortholog and mPer1 interact and negatively regulate CLOCK-BMAL1-induced transcription. Neuron 21(5): 1101-13.

Sarov-Blat, L., So, W. V., Liu, L. and Rosbash, M. (2000). The Drosophila takeout gene is a novel molecular link between circadian rhythms and feeding behavior. Cell 101: 647-656. 10892651

Sauman, I. and Reppert, S. M. (1996a). Circadian Clock Neurons in the Silkmoth Antheraea pernyi: Novel Mechanisms of Period Protein Regulation. Neuron 17: 889-900

Sauman, I., et al. (1996b). Period Protein Is Necessary for Circadian Control of Egg Hatching Behavior in the Silkmoth Antheraea pernyi. Neuron 17: 901-909

Sawyer, L. A., et al. (1997). Natural variation in a Drosophila clock gene and temperature compensation. Science 278(5346): 2117-2120.

Sawyer, L. A., et al. (2006). The period gene Thr-Gly polymorphism in Australian and African Drosophila melanogaster populations: implications for selection. Genetics 174(1): 465-80. 16849607

Shafer, O. T., Rosbash, M. and Truman, J. W. (2002). Sequential nuclear accumulation of the clock proteins Period and Timeless in the pacemaker neurons of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Neurosci. 22(14): 5946-5954. 12122057

Shafer, O. T., Levine, J. D., Truman, J. W. and Hall, J. C. (2004). Flies by night: Effects of changing day length on Drosophila's circadian clock. Curr. Biol. 14: 424-432. 15028219

Shaw, P. J., Tononi, G., Greenspan, R. J. and Robinson, D. F. (2002). Stress response genes protect against lethal effects of sleep deprivation in Drosophila. Nature 417: 287-291. 12015603

Shearman, L. P., et al. (1997). Two period homologs: circadian expression and photic regulation in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Neuron 19(6): 1261-1269.

Shearman, L. P., et al. (2000). Interacting molecular loops in the mammalian circadian clock. Science 288(5468): 1013-9.

Shigeyoshi, Y., et al. (1997). Light-induced resetting of a mammalian circadian clock is associated with rapid induction of the mPer1 transcript. Cell 91(7): 1043-1053.

Sidote, D., et al. (1998). Differential effects of light and heat on the Drosophila circadian clock proteins PER and TIM. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18(4): 2004-2013.

Siwicki, K.K., et al. (1988). Antibodies to the period gene product of Drosophila reveal diverse tissue distribution and rhythmic changes in the visual system. Neuron 1: 141-150

So, W. V. and Rosbash, M. (1997). Post-transcriptional regulation contributes to Drosophila clock gene mRNA cycling. EMBO J. 16(23): 7146-7155. 9384591

So, W. V., et al. (2000). takeout, a novel Drosophila gene under circadian clock transcriptional regulation. Mol. and Cell. Biol. 20: 6935-6944. 10958689

Stanewsky, R., et al. (1997a). Multiple circadian-regulated elements contribute to cycling period gene expression in Drosophila. EMBO J. 16(16): 5006-5018.

Stanewsky, R., et al. (1997b). Temporal and spatial expression patterns of transgenes containing increasing amounts of the Drosophila clock gene period and a lacZ reporter: mapping elements of the PER protein involved in circadian cycling. J. Neurosci. 17(2): 676-96.

Stanewsky, R., et al. (1998). The cryb mutation identifies cryptochrome as a circadian photoreceptor in Drosophila. Cell 95(5): 681-92.

Stanewsky, R., Lynch, K. S., Brandes, C. and Hall, J. C. (2002). Mapping of elements involved in regulating normal temporal period and timeless RNA expression patterns in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Biol. Rhythms 17(4): 293-306. 12164246

Steenhard, B. M. and Besharse, J. C. (2000). Phase shifting the retinal circadian clock: xPer2 mRNA induction by light and dopamine. J. Neurosci. 20(23): 8572-8577. 11102460

Sun, Z. S., et al. (1997). RIGUI, a putative mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila period gene. Cell 90(6): 1003-1011.

Suri, V., Lanjuin, A. and Rosbash, M. (1999). TIMELESS-dependent positive and negative autoregulation in the Drosophila circadian clock. EMBO J. 18(3): 675-686.

Suri, V., Hall, J. C. and Rosbash, M. (2000). Two novel doubletime mutants alter circadian properties and eliminate the delay between RNA and protein in Drosophila, J. Neurosci. 20(20): 7547-7555.

Takumi, T., et al. (1998). A light-independent oscillatory gene mPer3 in mouse SCN and OVLT. EMBO J. 17(16): 4753-4759

Tauber, E., et al. (2003). Temporal mating isolation driven by a behavioral gene in Drosophila. Curr. Biol. 13: 140-145. 12546788

Tei, H., et al. (1997). Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene. Nature 389(6650): 512-516.

Tischkau, S. A., et al. (2003). Circadian clock-controlled regulation of cGMP-protein kinase G in the nocturnal domain. J. Neurosci. 23(20): 7543-50. 12930792

Toma, D. P., et al. (2000). Changes in period mRNA levels in the brain and division of labor in honey bee colonies. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 6914-6919.

Van Gelder, R. N. and Krasnow, M. A. (1996). A novel circadianly expressed Drosophila melanogaster gene dependent of the period gene for its rhythmic expression. EMBO J. 15: 1625-31

Vansteense, M. J., et al. (2003). Dissociation between circadian Per1 and neuronal and behavioral rhythms following a shifted environmental cycle. Curr. Biol. 13: 1538-1542. 12956957

Veleri, S., et al. (2003). A self-sustaining, light-entrainable circadian oscillator in the Drosophila brain. Curr. Biol. 13: 1758-1767. 14561400

Vielhaber, E., et al. (2000). Nuclear entry of the circadian regulator mPER1 is controlled by mammalian casein kinase Iepsilon. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20: 4888-4899.

Viola, A. U., et al. (2007). PER3 polymorphism predicts sleep structure and waking performance. Curr. Biol. 17(7): 613-8. Medline abstract: 17346965

Vitaterna, M. H., et al. (1999). Differential regulation of mammalian period genes and circadian rhythmicity by cryptochromes 1 and 2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96(21): 12114-9.

Vosshall, L.B., Sehgal, A., Saez, L. and Young, M.W. (1994). Block in nuclear localization of period protein by a second clock mutation, timeless. Science 263: 1606-1609

Wei, Z., Angerer, R. C. and Angerer, L. M. (1999). Identification of a new sea urchin ets protein, SpEts4, by yeast one-hybrid screening with the hatching enzyme promoter. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19(2): 1271-8.

Wulbeck, C., Szabo, G., Shafer, O. T., Helfrich-Forster, C. and Stanewsky, R. (2005). The novel Drosophila timblind mutation affects behavioral rhythms but not periodic eclosion. Genetics 169(2): 751-66. 15520259

Yagita, K., et al. (2000). Dimerization and nuclear entry of mPER proteins in mammalian cells. Genes Dev. 14: 1353-1363

Yagita, K., et al. (2002). Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and mCRY-dependent inhibition of ubiquitylation of the mPER2 clock protein. EMBO J. 21: 1301-1314. 11889036

Yamaguchi, S., et al. (2000a). Role of DBP in the circadian oscillatory mechanism. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20: 4773-81.

Yamaguchi, S., et al. (2000b). The 5' upstream region of mPer1 gene contains two promoters and is responsible for circadian oscillation. Curr. Biol. 10: 873-876.

Yu, W., Zheng, H., Houl, J. H., Dauwalder, B. and Hardin. P. E. (2006). PER-dependent rhythms in CLK phosphorylation and E-box binding regulate circadian transcription. Genes Dev. 20(6): 723-33. 16543224

Zehring, W. A., Wheeler, D. A., Reddy, P., Konopka, R. J., Kyriacou, C. P., Rosbash, M., and Hall, J. C. (1984). P-element transformation with period locus DNA restores rhythmicity to mutant, arrhythmic Drosophila melanogaster. Cell 39: 369-376. 6094014

Zheng, B., et al. (1999). The mPer2 gene encodes a functional component of the mammalian circadian clock. Nature 400(6740): 169-73.

Zheng, B., et al. (2001). Nonredundant roles of the mPer1 and mPer2 genes in the mammalian circadian clock. Cell 105: 683-694. 11389837

Zylka, M. J., et al. (1998a). Three period homologs in mammals: Differential light responses in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock and oscillating transcripts outside of brain. Neuron 20: 1103-1110.

Zylka, M. J., et al. (1998b). Molecular analysis of mammalian Timeless. Neuron 21(5): 1115-22.


period: Biological Overview | Evolutionary Homologs | Regulation | Targets of Activity and Post-transcriptional Regulation | Protein Interactions | Developmental Biology | Effects of Mutation

date revised: 10 April 2008

 

Home page: The Interactive Fly © 1997 Thomas B. Brody, Ph.D.

The Interactive Fly resides on the
Society for Developmental Biology's Web server.