Distal-less


REFERENCES

Abu-Shaar, M. and Mann, R. S. (1998). Generation of multiple antagonistic domains along the proximodistal axis during Drosophila leg development. Development 125(19): 3821-3830

Abzhanov, A. and Kaufman, T. C. (2000). Homologs of Drosophila appendage genes in the patterning of arthropod limbs. Dev. Bio. 227: 673-689.

Acampora, D., et al. (1999). Craniofacial, vestibular and bone defects in mice lacking the Distal- less-related gene Dlx5. Development 126: 3795-3809

Anderson, S. A., et al. (1997a). Mutations of the homeobox genes Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 disrupt the striatal subventricular zone and differentiation of late born striatal neurons. Neuron 19(1): 27-37

Anderson, S. A., et al. (1997b). Interneuron migration from basal forebrain to neocortex: dependence on Dlx genes. Science 278(5337): 474-476

Averof, M. and Cohen, S. M. (1997). Evolutionary origin of insect wings from ancestral gills. Nature 385: 627-630

Beanan, M. J., Feledy, J. A. and Sargent, T. D. (2000). Regulation of early expression of Dlx3, a Xenopus anti-neural factor, by beta-catenin signaling. Mech. Dev. 227-235.

Beermann, A., et al. (2001). The Short antennae gene of Tribolium is required for limb development and encodes the orthologue of the Drosophila Distal-less protein. Development 128: 287-297

Bei, M. and Maas, R. (1998). FGFs and BMP4 induce both Msx1-independent and Msx1-dependent signaling pathways in early tooth development. Development 125(21): 4325-4333

Beldade, P., Brakefield, P. M. and Long, A. D. (2002). Contribution of Distal-less to quantitative variation in butterfly eyespots. Nature 415(6869): 315-8. 11797007

Brakefield, P. M., et al. (1996). Development, plasticity and evolution of butterfly eyespot patterns. Nature 384: 236-242

Brugmann, S. A., et al. (2004). Six1 promotes a placodal fate within the lateral neurogenic ectoderm by functioning as both a transcriptional activator and repressor. Development 131: 5871-5881. 15525662

Bulfone, A., et al. (1993). Spatially restricted expression of Dlx-1, Dlx-2 (Tes-1), Gbx-2, and Wnt-3 in the embryonic day 12.5 mouse forebrain defines potential transverse and longitudinal segmental boundaries. J Neurosci 13: 3155-72

Campbell, G. and Tomlinson, A. (1998). The roles of the homeobox genes aristaless and Distal-less in patterning the legs and wings of Drosophila. Development 125(22): 4483-4493

Casarosa, S., Fode, C. and Guillemot, F. (1999). Mash1 regulates neurogenesis in the ventral telencephalon. Development 126(3): 525-534

Cavodeassi, F., Modolell, J. and Campuzano, S. (2000). The Iroquois homeobox genes function as dorsal selectors in the Drosophila head. Development 127: 1921-1929.

Charite, J., et al. (2001). Role of Dlx6 in regulation of an endothelin-1-dependent, dHAND branchial arch enhancer. Genes Dev. 15: 3039-3049. 11711438

Cobos, I., Borello, U. and Rubenstein, J. R. L. (2007). Dlx transcription factors promote migration through repression of axon and dendrite growth. Neuron 54: 873-888. Medline abstract: 17582329

Cohen, B., Simcox, A.A., Cohen, S.M. (1993) Allocation of the thoracic imaginal primordia in the Drosophila embryo. Development 117(2): 597-608

Cohen, S.M. and Jurgens, G. (1989). Proximal-distal pattern formation in Drosophila: cell autonomous requirements for Distal-less gene activity in limb development. EMBO J 8: 2045-55

Cohen, S.M. (1990). Specification of limb development in the Drosophila embryo by positional cues from segmentation genes. Nature 343: 173-177

Collins, R. T. and Treisman, J. E. (2000). Osa-containing Brahma chromatin remodeling complexes are required for the repression of Wingless target genes. Genes Dev. 14: 3140-3152. 11124806

Couso, J. P., Bate, M. and Martíinez-Arias, A. (1993). A wingless-dependent polar coordinate system in Drosophila imaginal discs. Science 259: 484-9.

Davideau, J. L. (1999). Expression of DLX5 during human embryonic craniofacial development. Mech. Dev. 81(1-2): 183-6

Depew, M. J., et al. (1999). Dlx5 regulates regional development of the branchial arches and sensory capsules. Development 126: 3831-3846

Diaz-Benjumea, F.J., Cohen, B. and Cohen, S.M. (1994). Cell interaction between compartments establishes the proximo-distal axis of Drosophila legs. Nature 372: 175-178

Dong, P. D. S., Chu, J. and Panganiban, G. (2000). Coexpression of the homeobox genes Distal-less and homothorax determines Drosophila antennal identity. Development 127: 209-216.

Dong, P. D. S., Chu, J. and Panganiban, G. (2001). Proximodistal domain specification and interactions in developing Drosophila appendages. Development 128: 2365-2372

Dong, P. D. S., Dicks. J. S. and Panganiban, G. (2002). Distal-less and homothorax regulate multiple targets to pattern the Drosophila antenna. Development 129: 1967-1974. 11934862

Duncan, D. M., Burgess, E. A. and Duncan, I. (1998). Control of distal antennal identity and tarsal development in Drosophila by spineless-aristapedia, a homolog of the mammalian dioxin receptor. Genes Dev. 12(9): 1290-1303

Erkner, A., et al. (1999). The role of Teashirt in proximal leg development in Drosophila: ectopic teashirt expression reveals different cell behaviours in ventral and dorsal domains. Dev. Biol. 215(2): 221-232.

Eisenberg, L.M., Ingham, P.W., Brown, A.M. (1992). Cloning and characterization of a novel Drosophila Wnt gene, Dwnt-5, a putative downstream target of the homeobox gene Distal-less. Dev. Biol. 154: 73-83

Ellies, D. L., et al. (1997). Specific craniofacial cartilage dysmorphogenesis coincides with a loss of dlx gene expression in retinoic acid-treated zebrafish embryos. Mech. Dev. 61: 23-36

Emerald, B. S., Curtiss, J., Mlodzik, M. and Cohen, S. M. (2003). distal antenna and distal antenna related encode nuclear proteins containing pipsqueak motifs involved in antenna development in Drosophila. Development 130: 1171-1180. 12571108

Emmons, R. B., et al. (2007). Regulation of the Drosophila distal antennal determinant spineless. Dev. Biol. 302: 412-426. Medline abstract: 17084833

Estella, C., et al. (2003). The role of buttonhead and Sp1 in the development of the ventral imaginal discs of Drosophila. Development 130: 5929-5941. 14561634

Estrada, B. and Sˇnchez-Herrero, E. (2001). The Hox gene Abdominal-B antagonizes appendage development in the genital disc of Drosophila. Development 128: 331-339. 11152632

Feledy, J. A., et al. (1999). Inhibitory patterning of the anterior neural plate in Xenopus by homeodomain factors Dlx3 and Msx1. Dev. Biol. 212(2): 455-64

Fernandez, A. S., et al. (1998). Expression of the Emx-1 and Dlx-1 homeobox genes define three molecularly distinct domains in the telencephalon of mouse, chick, turtle and frog embryos: implications for the evolution of telencephalic subdivisions in amniotes. Development 125: 2099-2111.

Ferrari, D., et al. (1995). The expression pattern of the Distal-less homeobox-containing gene Dlx-5 in the developing chick limb bud suggests its involvement in apical ectodermal ridge activity, pattern formation, and cartilage differentiation. Mech Dev 52: 257-264

Ferrari, D. and Kosher, R. A. (2003). Dlx5 is a positive regulator of chondrocyte differentiation during endochondral ossification. Dev. Bio. 252: 257-270. 12482714

Foronda, D., Estrada, B., de Navas, L. and Sanchez-Herrero, E. (2006). Requirement of Abdominal-A and Abdominal-B in the developing genitalia of Drosophila breaks the posterior downregulation rule. Development 133(1): 117-27. 16319117

Franch-Marro, X., Martin, N., Averof, M. and Casanova, J. (2006). Association of tracheal placodes with leg primordia in Drosophila and implications for the origin of insect tracheal systems. Development 133(5): 785-90. 16469971

Galant, R. and Carroll, S. B. (2002). Evolution of a transcriptional repression domain in an insect Hox protein. Nature 415: 910-913. 11859369

Garel, S., et al. (2002). The early topography of thalamocortical projections is shifted in Ebf1 and Dlx1/2 mutant mice. Development 129: 5621-5634. 12421703

Gebelein, B., et al. (2002). Specificity of Distalless repression and limb primordia development by Abdominal Hox proteins Developmental Cell 3: 487-498. 12408801

Gebelein. B., McKay, D. J. and Mann, R. S. (2004). Direct integration of Hox and segmentation gene inputs during Drosophila development. Nature 431: 653-659. 16556799

Gonzˇlez-Crespo, S. and Morata, G. (1996). Genetic evidence for the subdivision of the arthropod limb into coxopodite and telopodite. Development 122: 3921-3928

Gorfinkiel, N., Morata, G. and Guerrero, I. (1997). The homeobox gene Distal-less induces ventral appendage development in Drosophila. Genes Dev. 11(17): 2259-2271. 10446270

Gorfinkiel, N., Sanchez, L. and Guerrero, I. (1999). Drosophila terminalia as an appendage-like structure. Mech. Dev. 86(1-2): 113-23

Goto, S., and Hayashi, S. (1997a). Specification of the embryonic limb primordium by graded activity of Decapentaplegic. Development 124: 125-132

Goto, S., and Hayashi, S. (1997b). Cell migration within the embryonic limb primordium of Drosophila as revealed by a novel fluorescence method to visualize mRNA and protein. Dev. Genes Evol. 207: 194-198

Hamada, F., et al. (1999). Negative regulation of Wingless signaling by D-Axin, a Drosophila homolog of Axin. Science 283(5408): 1739-42

Hans, S., Liu, D. and Westerfield, M. (2004). Pax8 and Pax2a function synergistically in otic specification, downstream of the Foxi1 and Dlx3b transcription factors. Development 131: 5091-5102. 15459102

Hirose, F., Ohshima, N., Shiraki, M., Inoue, Y. H., Taguchi, O., Nishi, Y. Matsukage, A. and Yamaguchi, M. (2001). Ectopic expression of DREF induces DNA synthesis, apoptosis, and unusual morphogenesis in the Drosophila eye imaginal disc: possible interaction with Polycomb and trithorax group proteins. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21(21): 7231-42. 11585906

Hitoshi, S., et al. (2002). Neural stem cell lineages are regionally specified, but not committed, within distinct compartments of the developing brain. Development 129: 233-244. 11782416

Holland, N. D. (1996). Sequence and developmental expression of AmphiDll, an amphioxus Distal-less gene transcribed in the ectoderm, epidermis and nervous system: insights into evolution of craniate forebrain and neural crest. Development 122: 2911-2920

Holleville, N., et al. (2003). BMP signals regulate Dlx5 during early avian skull development. Dev. Biol. 257: 177-189. 12710966

Huang, Z. and Kunes, S. (1996). Hedgehog, transmitted along retinal axons, triggers neurogenesis in the developing visual centers of the Drosophila brain. Cell 86: 411-422

Inoue, Y., et al. (2002). Correlation of expression patterns of homothorax, dachshund, and Distal-less with the proximodistal segmentation of the cricket leg bud. Mech. Dev. 113: 141-148. 11960702

Jacobsen, T. L., et al. (1998). Cis-interactions between Delta and Notch modulate neurogenic signalling in Drosophila. Development 125(22): 4531-4540

Jaiswal, M., Agrawal, N. and Sinha, P. (2006). Fat and Wingless signaling oppositely regulate epithelial cell-cell adhesion and distal wing development in Drosophila. Development 133(5): 925-35. 16452097

Jouve, C., et al. (2000). Notch signaling is required for cyclic expression of the hairy-like gene HES1 in the presomitic mesoderm. Development 127: 1421-1429.

Kaji, T. and Artinger, K. B. (2004). dlx3b and dlx4b function in the development of Rohon-Beard sensory neurons and trigeminal placode in the zebrafish neurula. Dev. Biol. 276(2): 523-40. 15581883

Kaphingst, K. and Kunes, S. (1994). Pattern formation in the visual centers of the Drosophila brain: wingless acts via decapentplegic to specify the dorsoventral axis. Cell 78: 437-448

Kenyon, K. L., Ranade, S. S., Curtiss, J. Mlodzik, M. and Pignoni, F. (2003). Coordinating proliferation and tissue specification to promote regional identity in the Drosophila head. Dev. Cell 5: 403-414. 12967560

Kitamura, K., et al (1997). Expression patterns of Brx1 (Rieg gene), Sonic hedgehog, Nkx2.2, Dlx1 and Arx during zona limitans intrathalamica and embryonic ventral lateral geniculate nuclear formation. Mech. Dev. 67(1): 83-96

Klein, T. and Martinez Arias, A. (1999). The Vestigial gene product provides a molecular context for the interpretation of signals during the development of the wing in Drosophila. Development 126: 913-925

Kohtz, J. D., et al. (2001). N-terminal fatty-acylation of sonic hedgehog enhances the induction of rodent ventral forebrain neurons. Development 128: 2351-2363

Kubota, K., et al. (2000). EGF receptor attenuates Dpp signaling and helps to distinguish the wing and leg cell fates in Drosophila. Development 127: 3769-3776.

Kubota, K., Goto, S. and Hayashi, S. (2003). The role of Wg signaling in the patterning of embryonic leg primordium in Drosophila. Dev. Biol. 257: 117-126. 12710961

Kurata, S., et al. (2000). Notch signaling and the determination of appendage identity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 2117-2122.

Lecuit, T. and Cohen, S. M. (1997). Proximal-distal axis formation in the Drosophila leg. Nature 388(6638): 139-145

Lewis, D. L., DeCamillis, M. and Bennett, R. L. (2000). Distinct roles of the homeotic genes Ubx and abd-A in beetle embryonic abdominal appendage development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97: 4504-4509.

Li, X. and McGinnis, W. (1999). Activity regulation of Hox proteins, a mechanism for altering functional specificity in development and evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96: 6802-6807

Lowe, C. J. and Wray, G. A. (1997). Radical alterations in the roles of homeobox genes during echinoderm evolution. Nature 389(6652): 718-721

Lowe, C. J., et al. (2003). Anteroposterior patterning in hemichordates and the origins of the chordate nervous system. Cell 113: 853-865. 12837244

Mann, R. S. (1994). Engrailed-mediated repression of Ultrabithorax is necessary for the parasegment 6 identity in Drosophila. Development 120: 3205-3212

McGinnis, N., et al. (1998). A cap 'n' collar protein isoform contains a selective Hox repressor function. Development 125: 4553-4564

McLarren, K. W., Litsiou, A. and Streit, A. (2003). DLX5 positions the neural crest and preplacode region at the border of the neural plate. Dev. Biol. 259: 34-47. 12812786

Merlo, G. R., et al. (2002). The Dlx5 homeobox gene is essential for vestibular morphogenesis in the mouse embryo through a BMP4-mediated pathway. Dev. Bio. 248: 157-169. 12221004

Metscher , B. D. et al. (1997). Homeobox genes in axolotl lateral line placodes and neuromasts. Dev. Genes Evol. 207: 287-295

Mittmann, B. and Scholtz, G. (2001). Distal-less expression in embryos of Limulus polyphemus (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) and Lepisma saccharina (Insecta, Zygentoma) suggests a role in the development of mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the CNS. Dev. Genes Evol. 211: 232-243. 11455438

Miura, H., et al. (1997). Expression of a novel aristaless related homeobox gene 'Arx' in the vertebrate telencephalon, diencephalon and floor plate. Mech. Dev. 65(1-2): 99-109

Miyama, K., et al. (1999). A BMP-inducible gene, Dlx5, regulates osteoblast differentiation and mesoderm induction. Dev. Biol. 208(1): 123-33

Morasso, M. I., Markova, N. G. and Sargent, T. D. (1996). Regulation of epidermal differentiation by Distal-less homeodomain gene. J. Cell Biol. 135: 1879-1887

Morasso, M. I., et al. (1999). Placental failure in mice lacking the homeobox gene Dlx3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 96(1): 162-7

Mullen, L. M., et al. (1996). Nerve dependency of regeneration: the role of Distal-less and FGF signaling in amphibian limb regeneration. Development 122, 3487-3497

Murakami, Y., et al. (2001). Identification and expression of the lamprey Pax6 gene: evolutionary origin of the segmented brain of vertebrates. Development 128: 3521-3531. 11566857

Neumann, C. J. and Cohen, S. M. (1997). Long-range action of Wingless organizes the dorsal-ventral axis of the Drosophila wing. Development 124: 871-880

Ng, M., et al. (1996). Specification of the wing by localized expression of wingless protein. Nature 381: 316-318

O'Hara, E., Cohen, B., Cohen, S.M., McGinnis, W. (1993). Distal-less is a downstream gene of Deformed required for ventral maxillary identity. Development 117(3): 847-56

Panganiban, G., Nagy, L. and Carroll, S. B. (1994). The role of the Distal-less gene in the development and evolution of insect limbs. Curr Biol 4: 671-5

Panganiban, G., et al. (1997). The origin and evolution of animal appendages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94 (10): 5162-5166

Parker, D. S., Jemison, J. and Cadigan, K. M. (2002). Pygopus, a nuclear PHD-finger protein required for Wingless signaling in Drosophila. Development 129: 2565-2576. 12015286

Pera, E., Stein, S. and Kessel, M. (1999). Ectodermal patterning in the avian embryo: epidermis versus neural plate. Development 126(1): 63-73

Petryniak, M. A., et al. (2007). Dlx1 and Dlx2 control neuronal versus oligodendroglial cell fate acquisition in the developing forebrain. Neuron 55: 417-433. Medline abstract: 17678855

Poitras, L., Ghanem, N., Hatch, G. and Ekker, M. (2007). The proneural determinant MASH1 regulates forebrain Dlx1/2 expression through the I12b intergenic enhancer. Development 134(9): 1755-65. Medline abstract: 17409112

Popadic, A., et al. (1998). Molecular evidence for the gnathobasic derivation of arthropod mandibles and for the appendicular origin of the labrum and other structures. Dev. Genes Evol. 208(3): 142-50

Prpic, N. M., et al. (2001). Expression of dachshund in wild-type and Distal-less mutant Tribolium corroborates serial homologies in insect appendages. Dev. Genes Evol. 211(10): 467-77. 11702196

Prpic, N. M. and Tautz, D. (2003a). The expression of the proximodistal axis patterning genes Distal-less and dachshund in the appendages of Glomeris marginata (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) suggests a special role of these genes in patterning the head appendages. Dev. Bio. 260: 97-112. 12885558

Prpic, N. M., Janssen, R., Wigand, B., Klingler, M. and Damen, W. G. (2003b). Gene expression in spider appendages reveals reversal of exd/hth spatial specificity, altered leg gap gene dynamics, and suggests divergent distal morphogen signaling. Dev. Biol. 264(1): 119-40. 14623236

Prpic, N. M. (2004). Homologs of wingless and decapentaplegic display a complex and dynamic expression profile during appendage development in the millipede Glomeris marginata (Myriapoda: Diplopoda). Front. Zool. 1(1): 6. 15679927

Punzo, C., et al. (2004). Functional divergence between eyeless and twin of eyeless in Drosophila melanogaster. Development 131: 3943-3953. 15253940

Qiu, M., et al. (1995). Null mutation of Dlx-2 results in abnormal morphogenesis of proximal first and second branchial arch derivatives and abnormal differentiation in the forebrain. Genes Dev. 9: 2523-2538.

Qiu, M., et al. (1997). Role of the Dlx homeobox genes in proximodistal patterning of the branchial arches: mutations of Dlx-1, Dlx-2, and Dlx-1 and -2 alter morphogenesis of proximal skeletal and soft tissue structures derived from the first and second arches. Dev. Biol. 185(2): 165-184

Radoja, N., et al. (2007). Homeobox gene Dlx3 is regulated by p63 during ectoderm development: relevance in the pathogenesis of ectodermal dysplasias. Development 134(1): 13-8. Medline abstract: 17164413

Rallu, M., et al. (2002). Dorsoventral patterning is established in the telencephalon of mutants lacking both Gli3 and Hedgehog signaling Development 129: 4963-4974. 12397105

Rauskolb, C. (2001). The establishment of segmentation in the Drosophila leg. Development 128: 4511-4521. 11714676

Reed, R. D. and Serfas, M. S. (2004). Butterfly wing pattern evolution is associated with changes in a Notch/Distal-less temporal pattern formation process. Curr. Biol. 14: 1159-1166. 15242612

Robledo, R. F., et al. (2002). The Dlx5 and Dlx6 homeobox genes are essential for craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeletal development. Genes Dev. 16: 1089-1101. 12000792

Ronshaugen, M., McGinnis, N. and McGinnis, W. (2002). Hox protein mutation and macroevolution of the insect body plan. Nature 415: 914-917. 11859370

Ryoo, H. D., et al. (1999). Regulation of Hox target genes by a DNA bound Homothorax/Hox/Extradenticle complex. Development 126: 5137-5148.

Schoppmeier, M. and Damen, W. G. M. (2001). Double-stranded RNA interference in the spider Cupiennius salei: the role of Distal-less is evolutionarily conserved in arthropod appendage formation. Dev. Genes Evol. 211: 76-82

Shiga, Y., et al. (2002). Evolving role of Antennapedia protein in arthropod limb patterning. Development 129: 3555-3561. 12117806

Shimamoto, T., et al. (1997). Inhibition of DLX-7 homeobox gene causes decreased expression of GATA-1 and c-myc genes and apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94 (7): 3245-3249

Snodgrass, R. E. (1935). Principles of Insect Morphology. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 83-99.

Stock, D. W. (2005). The Dlx gene complement of the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata, resembles that of mammals: implications for genomic and morphological evolution of jawed vertebrates. Genetics 169(2): 807-17. 15489533

Stühmer, T., et al. (2002). Ectopic expression of the Dlx genes induces glutamic acid decarboxylase and Dlx expression. Development 129: 245-252. 11782417

Suzanne, M., Estella, C., Calleja, M. and Sˇnchez-Herrero, E. (2003). The hernandez and fernandez genes of Drosophila specify eye and antenna. Dev. Bio. 260: 465-483. 12921746

Thomas, B. L., et al. (1997). Role of Dlx-1 and Dlx-2 genes in patterning of the murine dentition. Development 124(23): 4811-4818

Thomas, B. L., et al. (2000). Independent regulation of Dlx2 expression in the epithelium and mesenchyme of the first branchial arch. Development 127: 217-224.

Tour, E., Hittinger, C. T., McGinnis, W. (2005). Evolutionarily conserved domains required for activation and repression functions of the Drosophila Hox protein Ultrabithorax. Development 132(23): 5271-81. 16284118

Vachon, G. (1992). Homeotic genes of the bithroax complex repress limb development in the abdomen of the Drosophila embryo through the target gene Distal-less. Cell 71: 437-450

Weatherbee, S. D., et al. (1999). Ultrabithorax function in butterfly wings and the evolution of insect wing patterns. Curr. Biol. 9(3): 109-15

Weigmann, K. and Cohen, S. M. (1999). Lineage-tracing cells born in different domains along the PD axis of the developing Drosophila leg

White, R. A. H., et al. (2000). The design and analysis of a homeotic response element. Mech. Dev. 91: 217-226.

Williams, T. A. (1998). Distalless expression in crustaceans and the patterning of branched limbs. Dev. Genes Evol. 207(7): 427-34

Williams, T. A., Nulsen, C. and Nagy, L. M. (2002). A complex role for Distal-less in crustacean appendage development. Dev. Bio. 241: 302-312. 11784113

Woda, J. M., Pastagia, J., Mercola, M. and Artinger, K. B. (2003). Dlx proteins position the neural plate border and determine adjacent cell fates. Development 130: 331-342. 12466200

Wu, J. and Cohen, S. M. (1999). Proximodistal axis formation in the Drosophila leg: subdivision into proximal and distal domains by Homothorax and Distal-less. Development 126: 109-117

Wu, J. and Cohen, S. M. (2000).Proximal distal axis formation in the Drosophila leg: distinct functions of Teashirt and Homothorax in the proximal leg, Mech. Dev. 94: 47-56

Yang, L., et al. (1998). An early phase of embryonic Dlx5 expression defines the rostral boundary of the neural plate. J. Neurosci. 18(20): 8322-30

Yang, Z., Liu, N. and Lin, S. (2001). A zebrafish forebrain-specific zinc finger gene can induce ectopic dlx2 and dlx6 expression. Dev. Bio. 231: 138-148. 11180958

Yun, K., et al. (2002). Modulation of the notch signaling by Mash1 and Dlx1/2 regulates sequential specification and differentiation of progenitor cell types in the subcortical telencephalon. Development 129: 5029-5040. 12397111

Zecca, M., Basler, K. and Struhl, G. (1996). Direct and long-range action of a Wingless morphogen gradient. Cell 87: 833-844

Zhang, H., et al. (1997). Heterodimerization of Msx and Dlx homeoproteins results in functional antagonism. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17(5): 2920-32

Zheng, Z., et al. (1999). Homeotic gene expression in the wild-type and a homeotic mutant of the moth Manduca sexta. Dev. Genes Evol. 209: 460-472


Distal-less: Biological Overview | Evolutionary Homologs | Regulation | Developmental Biology | Effects of Mutation

date revised: 25 October 2007

Home page: The Interactive Fly © 1997 Thomas B. Brody, Ph.D.

The Interactive Fly resides on the
Society for Developmental Biology's Web server.