Drosophila Genes

Drosophila genes listed by biochemical function

Miscellaneous proteins

abnormal spindle

microtubule binding protein - required for the integrity of microtubule organizing centers - may organize microtubules during cytokinesis

adrift

novel protein involved in tracheal branching

A kinase anchor protein 200

Involved in Protein kinase A localization - PKA in turn regulates the function of specialized actin structures during oogenesis

α actinin

actin filament crosslinking protein that regulates cell adhesion and motility

anillin (preferred name: scraps)

conserved component of the contractile ring that is essential for cytokinesis - physically interacts

with three conserved cleavage furrow proteins, F-actin, myosin II and septins - required for cellularization

APP-like protein interacting protein 1

JNK scaffolding scaffolding protein that is part of motor-cargo linkage complexes for both kinesin-1 and dynein - acts downstream of the JNK pathway

to affect axonal transport - binds APP family proteins

arc

PDZ domain protein

asterless

coiled-coil protein - component of pancentriole and basal body - involved in stabilization/maintenance of pericentriolar material at the centrosome

A3-3

ATF3 basic leucine-zipper transcription factor - partner of Jun in preventing extrusion and replacement

of epidermal cells with histoblasts during larval morphogenesis

Axud1

conserved phospho-acceptor site for acidophilic serine/threonine kinases domain protein -

cysteine- serine-rich nuclear protein - tumor suppressor that regulates proliferation of imaginal cells

bag of marbles

novel protein involved in oogenesis and spermatogenesis - functions as a translational repressor by interfering with translation initiation

bazooka

PDZ domain protein involved in cell polarity and asymmetric cell division

bereft

potentially an untranslated RNA - mutants exhibit defects in the peripheral nervous system

Bicaudal-D

alpha helical coiled coiled protein that interacts with the cytoskeleton

bifocal

codes for a novel protein that interacts with f-actin - functions downstream of misshapen to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton

big brain

aquaporin - MIP family signature

blistery

tensin homolog - at focal adhesion sites participates in a protein complex that establishes transmembrane linkage

between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal actin filaments

blown fuse

a cytoplasmic protein essential for somatic myoblast fusion - functions in stretching and outgrowth of circular visceral muscles

BM-40-SPARC (common alternative name: Sparc)

basement membrane component required for basal lamina maturation and condensation of the ventral nerve cord

bruchpilot

cytoskeletal protein critical for intact presynaptic active zone structure and normal-evoked neurotransmitter release at chemical synapses -

establishes proximity between Ca2+ channels and vesicles to allow efficient transmitter release and patterned synaptic plasticity

Calnexin 99A

binds Ca²⁺ - a chaperone that functions in the transition of proteins from the ER to the outer cellular membrane -

glycoprotein folding and quality control in the ER - molecular chaperone for Rh1 biosynthesis -

regulates cytosolic Ca²⁺ levels following activation of the light-sensitive TRP channels

canoe

glgf/dhr motif scaffolding protein

Cap-G

Armadillo-like helical HEAT domain protein - non-SMC subunit of the condensin complex -

responsible for ensuring that replicated chromosomes are condensed prior to metaphase

capping protein alpha & capping protein beta

regulates nonbundle actin filament assembly during bristle development - acts upstream of the Hippo pathway and functions as a tumor suppressor,

antagonized by Enabled, maintains epithelial integrity and prevents JNK-mediated apoptosis, functions in oocyte determination

cappuccino

Formin domain protein that interacts with Spire to facilitate actin filament capping and nucleation

caskin

a neuronal adaptor protein required for axon growth and guidance -

interacts physically and genetically with Lar receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase

Centrosomal protein 190kD

BTB/POZ domain and microtubule binding protein that alternatively serves as a chromatin insulator and as a component of centrioles -

involved in axial expansion, the spreading out along the anterior-to-posterior axis during syncytial development

centrosomin

cytoskeletal protein - important for assembly of mitotic spindles and spindle poles - Aurora-A regulates centrosome assembly by

controlling the CNN's ability to target and/or anchor γ-tubulin to the centrosome and organizing microtubule-nucleating sites

Cep135

scaffolding protein - assembly of microtubule based structures, centriole and flagella biogenesis

charybde and scylla

conserved proteins acting downstream of PKB and upstream of TSC to regulate growth - they are induced under hypoxic conditions,

thus establishing a potential cross-talk between growth and oxygen sensing

chromosome bows (common alternative names: Orbit and Mast)

microtubule-associated protein that plays an essential role facilitating the kinetochore-microtubule interaction -

maternially it facilitates multiple interactions of the fusome with mitotic spindles and ring canals -

zygotically it mediates the action of Slit and its receptors acting as a partner of the Abelson tyrosine kinase

Clathrin heavy chain

A basic component of the vesicle coat that is involved in many cellular processes including intracellular transport

of proteins and lipids, endocytosis of signaling proteins and released neurotransmitters. and exocytosis of secreted proteins -

Clathrin molecules assemble themselves into closed cages that capture the molecules to be transported,

then quickly disassemble once the contents are delivered

clift (common alternative name: eyes absent)

novel protein - eyes absent family - cell survival factor

comatose

developmentally regulated N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) gene - required in disassembly

or rearrangement of the SNARE complex at the plasma membrane after vesicle fusion

crinkled

bidirectional molecular motor that acts in concert with Wg targets to orchestrate the proper shaping of denticles

in the embryonic epidermis - necessary for auditory organ development

Cullin-3

Cullen acting in protein degradation - loss of function has pleiotropic effects during development,

including defects in external sensory organ development, pattern formation and cell growth and survival - targets Cubitus interruptus

Cyclin A

a G2-M phase cyclin - dimerization partner of cdc2 kinase

Cyclin B

a G2-M phase cyclin - dimerization partner of cdc2 kinase

Cyclin D

a G1-S phase cyclin

Cyclin E

a G1-S phase cyclin - dimerization partner of cdc2c kinase

Cytochrome c proximal and Cytochrome c distal

electron transport - caspase activation during apoptosis

dachs

unconventional myosin motor domain protein - downstream component of a Fat signaling pathway that influences growth,

cell affinity and developmental gene expression

dachshund

transcriptional co-repressor

dally-like

membrane bound glypican related proteoglycan - required for Hedgehog signalling in the embryonic epidermis of Drosophila

dappled

LIN-41 subclade multiple domain protein of unknown function - let-7 micro RNA regulated

diaphanous

Formin homology domain protein required for cytokinesis

dilute class unconventional myosin (common alternative names: Didum and MyosinV)

a motor protein that mediates sensory neuron morphogenesisin - forms a complex with Rab11 and Rab11 interacting protein

that trafficks rhodopsin in the developing rhabdomere

discs large 1

Links septate junctions to cytoskeleton - Guanylate kinase signature and Src homology 3 domain

discs lost

conserved protein of unknown function - required for cell survival and cell cycle progression - implicated in modification of olfactory behavior

Dishevelled Associated Activator of Morphogenesis

Formin homology domain protein regulated by RhoA - functions upstream or parallel to Src42A

and Tec29 to organize the actin cytoskeleton and to determine the cuticle pattern of the respiratory system

division abnormally delayed

membrane bound glypican related proteoglycan

double parked

conserved protein required for DNA replication

ebi

Trp-Asp (WD) repeats protein - regulates Egfr pathway & protein degradation

ecdysoneless

conserved protein of unknown function - mutants disrupt production of the steroid hormone ecdysone

causing developmental and reproductive defects

ELL (preferred name: Su(Tpl))

occludin homology domain protein - a Pol II elongation factor capable of stimulating the rate of transcription

enabled

VASP homolog and SH3 domain protein - cytoskeletal adaptor protein

eyes absent (preferred name: clift)

novel protein - eyes absent family - cell survival factor

fat facets

conserved Cys and His domains - ubiquitin-specific protease

Ferritin 1 heavy chain homologue and Ferritin 2 light chain homologue

iron storage proteins; ferroxidase and iron core nucleation

Follicle cell protein 26Aa (preferred name: palisade)

multi-domain protein that acts during oogenesis to coordinate assembly of the vitelline membrane -

required for functional properties of the eggshell

14-3-3zeta (common alternative name: leonardo)

a 14-3-3zeta isoform - a phosphoserine/threonine interacting protein

futsch

microtubule-associated protein

G protein salpha 60A

s-alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein

gamma-tubulin ring protein 84

gamma-tubulin associated protein required for aspects of microtubule nucleation, dynamics and organization both in interphase and mitosis

Ge-1

a molecular scaffold that brings together decapping enzymes and activators that are involved in silencing of microRNA targets

Grip

Scaffolding and signaling protein - participates in the reception of an attractive signal that emanates from muscle epidermal attachment sites to direct the motility of developing muscles

guftagu (common alternative name: Cul-3)

Cullen-3 homolog acting in protein degradation - loss of function has pleiotropic effects during development,

including defects in external sensory organ development, pattern formation and cell growth and survival - targets Cubitus interruptus

GUK-holder

Scaffolding protein involved in synaptic budding - interacts with the GUK domain of Discs large -

required for the proper synaptic localization of Scribbled

headcase

novel basic protein

head involution defective (preferred name: Wrinkled)

death domain protein - programmed cell death

Heat-shock-protein-70

a family of proteins that functions as molecular chaperones - thermotolerance - required for border cell migration

Hepatocyte growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (common alternative name: Hrs)

endososomal sorting of ubiquitinated receptors - targeting of EGFR, PVR, Notch, Hedgehog and Dpp receptors for degradation

homer

scaffolding protein required for the function of neural networks controlling locomotor activity and behavioral plasticity

huntingtin

cytoskeletal scaffolding protein required for axonal transport

infraabdominal (preferred name: name: nuclear untranslated RNA gene iab-4)

directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,

the transformation of halteres into wings

inscuteable

novel protein - SH3 binding domain, ankyrin repeats and cytoskeletal attachment domain

jaguar - Drosophila myosin VI, a pointed end directed molecular motor -

involved in asymmetric cell division - regulates actin dynamics during sperm individualization

kakapo - preferred name: short stop

cytoskeletal cross-linker protein

karst (also known as betaHeavy Spectrin)

cytoskeletal protein - structural and docking protein

kelch

cytoskeletal protein - actin cross-linker - during oogenesis,

phosphorylation of Kelch is critical for the proper morphogenesis of actin during ring canal growth

Kinesin associated protein 3

the non-motor accessory subunit of Kinesin II - required for the axoneme growth and maintenance of the cilia

in Drosophila type I sensory neurons - expressed in Johnston's organ and required for hearing

Kinesin-like protein at 61F

motor protein - crosslinking and sliding activities during mitosis facilitate accumulation within antiparallel interpolar MTs

at the equator, where the motor generates force to drive spindle poleward flux and pole-pole separation

klarsicht

controls bidirectional transport of lipid droplets, nuclear migration and transport of secretory vesicles

Klp10A

mitotic kinesin required to depolymerize microtubules at their pole-associated minus ends thereby moving chromatids by means of poleward flux

Lamin

an intermediate filament protein - chromatin associated protein

latheo

ORC3 homolog and synaptic protein of unknown function

lava lamp

coiled-coil cytoskeletal component involved in cellularization

legless

a scaffold protein that physically links Pygopus to ß-catenin - the recruitement of Pygopus permits ß-catenin to activate Wnt target genes

leonardo (preferred name: 14-3-3zeta)

a 14-3-3zeta isoform - a phosphoserine/threonine interacting protein

lethal (2) giant discs 1 (common alternative name: lethal giant discs)

tumor suppressor - required to restrict the activity of Notch to the D/V boundary of the wing imaginal disc - endosomal transport protein

lethal (2) giant larvae (common alternative name: lethal giant larvae)

novel conserved cytoskeletal element

lines

novel segment polarity gene

Lin-7 (preferred name: veli)

scaffolding protein that acts downstream of Discs large, in conjunction with its binding partner Metro, to control neuromuscular

junction expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

lin-19-like (common alternative name: Cullin1)

a major component of a series of multimeric ubiquitin ligases that control the degradation of a broad range of proteins

Lipid storage droplet-1 & Lipid storage droplet-2

intracellular neutral lipid droplet storage protein - maintains energy homeostasis

Lipophorin (Preferred name: Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein)

Lipophorin - bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog

Liprin-α

scaffolding protein that physically interacts with LAR and is essential for R7 axon targeting

liquid facets-Related

multi-modular proteins that stimulate clathrin-coated vesicle formation - functions in trans-Golgi network/endosome vesicle trafficking

transports specific cargo critical to one or more signaling pathways - required for egg chamber morphogenesis during oogenesis

Lissencephaly-1

component of Dynein complex, Beta-transducin family Trp-Asp repeats protein

mars

microtubule-associated protein that mediates spatially controlled dephosphorylation of dTACC, which is critical for mitotic spindle stabilization

mastermind

novel - neurogenic

mei-s332 (preferred name: meiotic from Salaria 282)

conserved protein - essential in meiosis for maintaining cohesion at centromeres

until sister chromatids separate at the metaphase II/anaphase II transition

melted

evolutionarily conserved modulator of the insulin/PI3K signaling pathway - mutants mimic the effects of nutrient deprivation

producing adults with 40% less fat than normal

metro

a MAGUK serving as a major binding partner of perisynaptic Dlg at larval neuromuscular junctions - stabilizes Dlg

in a complex with adaptor protein Lin-7 - controls NMJ expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

microRNA encoding gene mir-14

a cell death suppressor - regulates fat metabolism

milton

scaffolding protein that along with Miro forms an essential protein complex that links kinesin heavy chain to mitochondria

for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria - controls the early acquisition of

mitochondria by Drosophila oocytes - contributes to spermatid tail elongation

mini spindles

microtubule plus end binding protein - stimulates microtubule growth, microtubule destabilising activity, mitotic spindle

mir-8 stem loop

acts through U-shaped to activate PI3K, thereby promoting fat cell growth cell-autonomously and enhancing growth non-cell-autonomously -

antagonizes Wg signaling in part by directly targeting wntless, a gene required for Wg secretion

mir-124 stem loop

post-transcriptional regulation, gene silencing by miRNA, negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dendrite morphogenesis, neuroblast proliferation

mir-277 stem loop

microRNA that carries out post-transcriptional gene regulation, modulates rCGG repeat-mediated neurodegeneration and the pathogenesis of FXTAS neurodegenerative disorder by post-transcriptionally regulating the expression of specific mRNAs involved in the disease

mir-184

a highly conserved microRNA that is expressed in the female germline and has assumed control over multiple steps

in oogenesis and early embryogenesis

miranda

novel protein - required for subcellular localization of prospero

modigliani

a novel protein enriched at telomeres that is required to prevent telomeric fusion -

forms a protein complex that is functionally analogous to shelterin

mon2

a conserved Golgi/endosomal protein - essential factor in anchoring pole plasm components at the oocyte posterior cortex - couples Oskar-induced

endocytosis with actin remodeling for cortical anchorage of the germ plasm - physically interacts with Capuccino and Spire -

promotes the accumulation of the small GTPase Rho1 at the oocyte posterior.

morula

APC2 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex - regulates protein degradation and cell cycle

Muscle LIM protein at 60A

cytoskeletal LIM-domain protein, Cys-rich protein

mushroom body defect

involved in involved in spindle orientation during asymmetric cell division - asymmetrically localized

Partner of inscuteable-Gαi complexes regulate spindle orientation by directly binding to Mud which in turn binds microtubules

myoblast city

a docking protein: DOCK180 homolog

unconventional myosin 10A

cytoskeletal motor protein required during dorsal closure for the correct alignment of cells on opposing sides

of the fusing epithelial sheets and for adhesion of the cells during the final zippering/fusion phase

Myosin 31DF

cytoskeletal motor protein required in the hindgut epithelium and testes for normal embryonic handedness (left-right asymmetry)

Myosin 61F

motor protein present within the microvillus of the gut apical brush border where it forms lateral tethers

between the microvillus membrane and underlying actin filament core - maintains structural integrity of the brush border domain enterocyte -

provides resistance against oral infection by bacterial pathogens

neither inactivation nor afterpotential C (common alternative name: NinaC)

motor domain protein involved in adaptation during visual signal transduction - regulates of translocation

of Arrestin2 - required for stability of INAD and PKC

NEM-sensitive fusion protein 2

developmentally regulated N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) gene - mutants are defective in the synaptic

growth and maturation that occurs during larval development

nervy

probable transcriptional co-repressor- described as an AKAP binding protein, zinc finger protein expressed in the CNS and involved in axon guidance

Neural Lazarillo

Lipocalin family member, a homologue of vertebrate Apolipoprotein D and Retinol Binding Protein 4, required for JNK-mediated stress and starvation tolerance,

negatively regulates Insulin signaling, disrupting glucose homeostasis, repressing growth, and extending lifespan

Niemann-Pick Type C-2

lysosomal cholesterol-binding protein that functions redundantly with npc2b in regulating sterol homeostasis and ecdysteroid biosynthesis

non-claret disjunctional

cytoskeletal motor protein - minus end directed kinesin - involved in spindle dynamics during meiosis and mitosis

non-stop

ubiquitin-specific protease expressed in glia - involved in development of laminal glia

n-synaptobrevin

a v-SNARE - a vesicular protein that plays a key role during synaptic vesicle exocytosis - involved in a neuron-specific

sort-and-degrade mechanism that protects neurons from degeneration

nuclear untranslated RNA gene iab-4 (common alternative name: infraabdominal)

directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,

the transformation of halteres into wings

Nucleoporin 44A (alternative name: Seh1)

component of a nucleoporin subcomplex - a binding parter of Missing oocyte; regulates nuclear architecture and meiotic progression in early ovarian cysts

nullo

novel myristoylprotein with a cluster of basic amino acids present in the basal junction and required for its formation at the onset of cellularization

Orbit (common alternative name: Chromosome bows)

microtubule-associated protein that plays an essential role facilitating the kinetochore-microtubule interaction -

maternially it facilitates multiple interactions of the fusome with mitotic spindles and ring canals -

zygotically it mediates the action of Slit and its receptors acting as a partner of the Abelson tyrosine kinase

Origin recognition complex 2

A subunit of the Origin recognition complex, involved in initiation of DNA replication

ovarian tumor

novel protein required in oogenesis

palisade

multi-domain protein that acts during oogenesis to coordinate assembly of the vitelline membrane -

required for functional properties of the eggshell

par-6

PDZ domain protein required for asymmetric cell division of neuroblasts and for the maintenance of oocyte cell fate

partner of inscuteable

involved in asymmetric cell divisions and establishment of cell polarity

partner of numb

adaptor protein that physically associates with and regulates Numb - Polo can inhibit progenitor self-renewal by directly phosphorylating Partner of numb

Patj

PDZ-domain junctional protein involved in assembling a protein complex that functions in planar cell polarity

Paxillin

cytoskeletal adaptor that couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton in focal adhesions - positively regulates Rac

and negatively regulating Rho - regulates actin dynamics and cell adhesion during muscle fusion -

targeted by JNK in the regulation of border-cell cluster integrity during oogenesis

peanut

GTPase superfamily protein involved in cytokinesis and septum formation

pecanex

a component of the Notch signaling pathway - a transmembrane protein required for ER function - potentially required in Notch

signal-receiving cells for processing of Notch protein

pericentrin-like protein (preferred name: cp309)

PACT domain protein - associated with both the centrioles and pericentriolar material -

essential for the formation of functional cilia and flagella

phosphatidylserine receptor

nuclear protein that acts through the c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase pathway to alter sensitivity to cell death

pimples

novel protein required for sister chromatid separation in mitosis - shares functional similarities to

securin a protein that acts to premature activation of separins

piwi

a novel protein involved in stem cell renewal

pod-1

WD repeat protein - crosslinks actin and microtubules - proper levels of Pod-1 must be maintained in the growth cone for correct axon guidance

polychaetoid

scaffolding protein, PDZ domain protein, MAGUK

preli-like

conserved transmembrane mitochondrial protein that regulates mitochondrial activity, important for growth and integrity of dendritic branches

prickle

LIM domain protein

quick-to-court

an alpha-helical coiled-coiled protein - mutants exhibit altered male courtship behavior

quiver (common alternative name: sleepless)

an Ly-6/Neurotoxin family member - a novel potassium channel subunit that regulates levels, localization, and activity of Shaker

Rad21 (preferred name: verthandi)

constituent of the cohesin complex, functions in chromosome cohesion, spindle morphology, dynamics of a chromosome passenger protein,

and stability of the cohesin complex

raw

a novel gene product required to limit AP-1 activity to leading edge epidermal cells during embryonic dorsal closure

Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein

Lipophorin - bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog

roughex

novel regulator of cell cycle

Sas-4

centriolar constituent - required for centriolar assembly, centriole replication, flagellum biogenesis, cilium biogenesis and locomotion -

regulates asymmetric cell division

scraps

encodes anillin - conserved component of the contractile ring that is essential for cytokinesis - physically interacts

with three conserved cleavage furrow proteins, F-actin, myosin II and septins - required for cellularization

scylla and charybde

conserved proteins acting downstream of PKB and upstream of TSC to regulate growth - they are induced under hypoxic conditions,

thus establishing a potential cross-talk between growth and oxygen sensing

short stop

cytoskeletal cross-linker protein

shutdown

immunophilin - FK506-binding protein domain and a tetratricopeptide repeat

sickle

novel apoptosis activator - contains an N-terminal inhibitor of apoptosis motif

singed

fascin homolog - crosslinks actin filaments

skpA

component of protein degradation complex - regulates centrosome duplication

sleepless (preferred name: quiver)

an Ly-6/Neurotoxin family member - a novel potassium channel subunit that regulates levels, localization, and activity of Shaker - regulates sleep

slow as molasses

novel protein that is essential for polarized growth of the plasma membrane during cellularization

Sparc (preferred name: BM-40-SPARC)

basement membrane component required for basal lamina maturation and condensation of the ventral nerve cord

Spd-2

centriole duplication - required for recruitment of pericentriolar material to sperm centrioles after fertilization

alpha Spectrin

cytoskeletal protein - structural and docking protein

betaHeavy Spectrin (preferred name: karst)

cytoskeletal protein - structural and docking protein

spindle assembly abnormal 6

centriolar constituent - required for the assembly of the centriolar microtubules - a cartwheel protein

that establishes the 9-fold symmetry of the centriole

sprouty

membrane associated or secreted antagonist of FGF signaling

stardust

codes for a regulatory component of the subapical complex of cellular junctions - crucial in the control of epithelial cell polarity

steamer-duck

LIM-only protein that is required for integrin-dependent cell adhesion - physically interacts with Integrin-linked kinase

stoned A and stoned B

a dicistronic locus encoding two proteins involved in synaptic vesicle recycling

Strawberry notch

nuclear protein in the Notch pathway

subito

a kinesinlike protein required for spindle formation and cytokinesis - involved in both meiosis and mitosis

supernumerary limbs

beta-transducin family Trp-Asp repeats family - protein degradation

Su(Tpl) (common alternative name: ELL)

occludin homology domain protein - a Pol II elongation factor capable of stimulating the rate of transcription

Synapsin

a vescular protein that participates in the regulation of neurotransmitter release - interacts with the cytoskeleton to regulate the number

of synaptic vesicles available for release via exocytosis - promotes vesicle reuptake and reserve pool formation upon intense stimulation

Synapse protein 25 (common alternative name: Snap25)

target-Snare (t-Snare) protein - one part of the four helix bundle of proteins referred to as SNAPs invoved in synaptic vesicle priming -

required for vesicle docking at the presynapse - a part of the neuroexocytosis machinery

Talin

essential for integrin function - crosslinks extracellular matrix-linked integrins to the cytoskeleton

tarsal-less

codes for short encoded peptides that convert Shavenbaby from a transcriptional repressor to an activator

via the truncation of its N-terminal region, polycistronic message, epidermal differentiation, spatial pattern of trichomes, legs, trachea

torsolike

terminal system - follicle cell protein

Troponin I (FlyBase name: wings up A)

cytoskeletal protein - along with Tropomyosin regulates muscle contraction - required to maintain nuclear integrity and

apico-basal polarity during early embryogenesis - required for myofibrillogenesis and sarcomere formation in Drosophila flight muscle

β1 Tubulin

β Tubulin56D - ubiquitious component of cytoskeleton

β2 Tubulin

β Tubulin85D - sperm tubulin

β3 Tubulin

β Tubulin60D - microtubular cytoskeleton

gamma Tubulin

gamma Tubulin at 23C - microtubule nucleating factor

g-Tubulin at 37C

microtubule nucleating factor - eggs produced by mutant mothers show an arrest of nuclear divisions

during early embryogenesis and a disruption in the anterior-posterior axis - required for bicoid mRNA localization

tubulin-specific chaperone E

multidomain protein - required for development and function of neuromuscular synapses - promotes microtubule formation

twinstar

Drosophila cofilin - actin-depolymerizing and actin-severing protein - essential for neuronal axon growth

unc-104

a Kinesin-3 family member that is essential for transporting synaptic vesicle precursors

unconventional myosin class XV (common alternative names: Myo10A and Sisyphus)

cytoskeletal motor protein - regulates filopodial dynamics during dorsal closure

uncoordinated

coiled-coil protein expressed in sensory neurons and the male germline - localizes to centrioles and basal bodies - required for ciliogenesis

valois

scaffolding protein - required for accumulation of high levels of Oskar protein, for posterior localization of Oskar in later stages of oogenesis

and for posterior localization of the Vasa protein during pole plasm assembly

varicose

Essential septate junction gene encoding a membrane associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) - required for accumulation of the tracheal

size-control proteins Vermiform and Serpentine in the tracheal lumen

veli (common alternative name: Lin-7)

scaffolding protein that acts downstream of DlgS97, in conjunction with its binding partner Metro, to control neuromuscular

junction expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

verthandi

constituent of the cohesin complex, functions in chromosome cohesion, spindle morphology, dynamics of a chromosome passenger protein,

and stability of the cohesin complex

wings up A (common alternative name: Troponin I)

cytoskeletal protein - along with Tropomyosin regulates muscle contraction - required to maintain nuclear integrity and

apico-basal polarity during early embryogenesis - required for myofibrillogenesis and sarcomere formation in Drosophila flight muscle

Wrinkled (common alternative name: head involution defective)

death domain protein - programmed cell death

Drosophila genes listed by biochemical function

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